Hurco Companies Inc: Form 10-K for the period ended Oct 31, 2022

General

Hurco Companies, Inc. is an international, industrial technology company. We design, manufacture, and sell computerized (i.e., Computer Numeric Control (“CNC”)) machine tools, consisting primarily of vertical machining centers (mills) and turning centers (lathes), to companies in the metal cutting industry through a worldwide sales, service, and distribution network. Although the majority of our computer control systems and software products are proprietary, they predominantly use industry standard personal computer components. Our computer control systems and software products are primarily sold as integral components of our computerized machine tool products. We also provide machine tool components, automation integration equipment and solutions for job shops, software options, control upgrades, accessories and replacement parts for our products, as well as customer service, training, and applications support. As used in this report, the words “we”, “us”, “our”, “Hurco” and the “Company” refer to Hurco Companies, Inc., and its consolidated subsidiaries.

Since our founding in 1968, we have been a leader in the introduction of interactive computer control systems that automate manufacturing processes and improve productivity in the metal parts manufacturing industry. We pioneered the application of microprocessor technology and conversational programming software for use in machine tools. Our Hurco brand computer control systems can be operated by both skilled and unskilled machine tool operators and, yet, are capable of instructing a machine to perform complex tasks. The combination of microprocessor technology and patented interactive, conversational programming software in our proprietary computer control systems enables operators on the production floor to create a program quickly and easily to machine a particular part from a blueprint or computer aided design file, and immediately begin machining that part.

Our executive offices and principal design and engineering operations are headquartered in Indianapolis, Indiana, U.S. We have sales, application engineering, and service subsidiaries in China, France, Germany, India, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Singapore, Taiwan, the United Kingdom, and the U.S. We have manufacturing and assembly operations in Taiwan, the U.S., Italy, and China, and distribution facilities in the U.S., the Netherlands, and Taiwan.

Our strategy is to design, manufacture, and sell a comprehensive line of computerized machine tools that help customers in the worldwide metal cutting market increase productivity and profitability. The majority of our machine tools employ proprietary, interactive computer control technology that increases productivity through ease of operation via interactive conversational and graphical programming software. All of our machine tools, regardless of brand, deliver high levels of machine performance (speed, accuracy and surface finish quality) that increase productivity. We routinely expand our product offerings to meet customer needs, which has led us to design and manufacture more complex machining centers with advanced capabilities. We bring a disciplined approach to strategically enter new geographic markets, as appropriate.

Our strategic plans focus on market expansion to reach more customers with more products on a global basis. We have made five acquisitions since 2013, and the products we have added through these acquisitions have given us more advanced products with significant improvements in our machine tool accuracy and precision, allow us to seek higher productivity in complex manufacturing environments, provide automation for machine tending solutions, and minimize dependencies associated with volatilities from economic and geographic cyclicality. While the Hurco-branded computer control systems have been, and continue to be, our premium flagship product line, we have added other products to our portfolio that provide product diversity and market penetration opportunity priced from entry-level to high performance serving a variety of different industries. We have not changed our overall strategy to design, manufacture, and sell a comprehensive line of computerized machine tools; rather, we have enhanced this strategy through growth both organically and through acquisitions in an effort to attain long-term stability and profitability.

During fiscal year 2022, our sales and service fees were $250.8 million, an increase of $15.6 million, or 7%, compared to fiscal year 2021 and included an unfavorable currency impact of $13.9 million, or 6%, when translating foreign sales to U.S. Dollars for financial reporting purposes. For fiscal year 2022, we reported net income of $8.2 million, or $1.23 per diluted share, compared to net income of $6.8 million, or $1.01 per diluted share, for fiscal year 2021. During fiscal year 2022, sales increased year-over-year due primarily to inflationary price increases and an increased volume of shipments of higher-performance Hurco, Takumi, and Milltronics machines across Europe and North America.

Industry

Machine tool products are considered capital goods, which makes them part of an industry that has historically been highly cyclical.

Industry association data for the U.S. machine tool market is available, and that market accounts for approximately 15% of worldwide consumption. Reports available for the U.S. machine tool market include:

• The 2021 World Machine Tool Survey by Gardner Intelligence;
• United States Machine Tool Consumption – generated by the Association for Manufacturing Technology, this report includes metal cutting machines of all types and sizes, including segments in which we do not compete;
• Purchasing Manager’s Index – developed by the Institute for Supply Management, this report includes activity levels in U.S. manufacturing plants that purchase machine tools; and
• Capacity Utilization of Manufacturing Companies – issued by the Federal Reserve Board.

A limited amount of information is available for foreign markets, and different reporting methodologies are used by various countries. Machine tool consumption data, published by the Association for Manufacturing Technology, calculates machine tool consumption annually by country. It is important to note that data for foreign countries are based on government reports that may lag six to 12 months behind real-time and, therefore, are unreliable for forecasting purposes.

Demand for capital equipment can fluctuate significantly during periods of changing economic conditions. Manufacturers and suppliers of capital goods, such as our company, are often the first to experience these changes in demand. Additionally, since build to stock and our typical order backlog is approximately 45 days, it is difficult to estimate demand with any reasonable certainty. Therefore, we do not have the benefit of relying on the common leading indicators that other industries use for market analysis and forecasting purposes.

Products

Our core products consist of general-purpose, computerized machine tools for the metal cutting industry, principally, vertical and horizontal machining centers (mills), turning centers (lathes), and toolroom machines. The majority of our machine tools are equipped with our fully integrated computer control systems that are powered by our proprietary software, while the remaining machine tools are equipped with industry standard controls. Additionally, we produce and distribute software options, control upgrades, hardware accessories, and replacement parts for our machine tool product lines, and we provide operator training and support services to our customers. We also produce computer control systems and related software for press brake applications that are sold as retrofit units for installation on existing or new press brake machines, and we own an automation integration company that specializes in job shop automation.

The following table sets forth the contribution of each of our product groups and services to our total revenues during each of the past three fiscal years (in thousands):

Net Sales and Service Fees by Product Category

† Amounts shown do not include computer control systems and software sold as an integrated component of computerized machine systems.

Product Portfolio by Brand

We have three brands of CNC machine tools in our product portfolio. Hurco is the technology and innovation brand for customers who want to increase productivity and profitability by selecting a brand with the latest software and motion technology. Milltronics is the value-based brand for shops that want easy-to-use machines at competitive prices. The Takumi brand is for customers that need precision and very high speed, high efficiency performance, such as that required in the die and mold, aerospace, and medical industries. Takumi machines are equipped with industry standard controls instead of the proprietary controls found on Hurco and Milltronics machines. ProCobots, LLC (“ProCobots”) is our wholly-owned subsidiary that provides practical automation solutions, such as feeders, machine tending systems, and collaborative robots (cobots). In addition, through our wholly-owned subsidiary LCM Precision Technology S.r.l. (“LCM”), we produce high-value machine tool components and accessories. The main product categories of each brand are outlined below.

The Hurco, Milltronics, and Takumi product lines represent a comprehensive product portfolio with more than 150 different CNC machine models. The combined machine tool product lines provide benefits related to the development of product enhancements, technologies, and models. Due to leverage of shared resources and cross-utilization of proven engineering designs, we achieve manufacturing cost reductions from economies of scale and manufacturing efficiencies.

Hurco CNC Machine Tools

Hurco computerized machine tools are equipped with a fully integrated interactive computer control system that features our proprietary WinMax® software. Our computer control system enables a machine tool operator to create complex two-dimensional (“2D”) or three-dimensional (“3D”) machining programs directly from an engineering drawing or computer-aided design geometry file, such as a solid model. An operator with little or no machine tool programming experience can successfully create a program with minimal training and begin machining the part in a short period of time. The control features an operator console with a touch-screen and incorporates an upgradeable personal computer (“PC”) platform using a high-speed processor with solid rendering graphical programming. In addition, WinMax® has a Windows®† based operating system that enables users to improve shop floor flexibility and software productivity. Companies using computer-controlled machine tools are better able to:

• maximize the efficiency of their human resources;
• make more advanced and complex parts from a wide range of materials using multiple processes;
• incorporate fast moving changes in technology into their operations to keep their competitive edge; and
• integrate their business into the global supply chain of their customers by supporting small to medium lot sizes for “just in time” initiatives.

Our Windows® based Hurco control facilitates our ability to meet these customer needs. The familiar Windows® operating system coupled with our intuitive conversational style of program creation allows our customers’ operators to create and edit part-making programs without incurring the incremental overhead of specialized computer aided design (“CAD”) and computer aided manufacturing (“CAM”) programmers. With the ability to transfer most CAD data directly into a Hurco program, part programming time can be significantly reduced.

Machine tool products must be designed to meet customer demand to machine complex parts with greater part accuracies. Our proprietary controls with WinMax® software and high-speed processors efficiently handle the large amounts of data these complex part-making programs require and enable our customers to create parts with higher accuracy at faster speeds. We continue to add technology to our control design as it becomes available. UltiMotion®, our patented motion control system, provides significant cycle time reductions and increases the quality of a part’s surface finish. This technology differentiates us in the marketplace and is incorporated into our control.

Our offering of Hurco machining centers, currently equipped with either a dual touch-screen console or a single touch-screen console, consists of the following product lines:

VMi Product Line

The VM product line consists of moderately priced vertical machining centers for the entry-level market, while still offering the advantage of our advanced control and motion systems. The design premise of the machining center with a large work cube and a small footprint optimizes the use of available floor space. The VM line consists of six models in four sizes with X-axis (horizontal) travels of 26 (three models), 30, 40, and 50 inches.

† Windows® is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and other countries.

VMXi Product Line

The VMX product line is our flagship series of machining centers and consists of higher performing vertical machining centers aimed at manufacturers that require faster speeds and greater part accuracy. The small and medium size models are available with either belted or inline (direct drive) spindles and the larger models are offered as either #40 or #50 taper. The VMX line consists of 14 models in eight sizes with X-axis travels of 24, 26, 30, 42, 50, 60, 64, and 84 inches.

HSi Product Line

Due to the integral, motorized spindle with a maximum speed of 20,000 rpm, the HS product line is desirable for the die and mold industry because of that industry’s particular interest in the improvement of surface finish quality and the reduction of cycle time. Additionally, this product line offers us the opportunity to expand our customer base to manufacturers that produce larger batches. The HS product line consists of four models with X-axis travels of 24, 30, 42, and 60 inches.

Ui Series Product Line

This product line features five-axis trunnion tables integrated onto familiar C-frame style machines, making an easy entry into five-axis for first-time users. U Series models are offered with eight, ten, and 14-inch diameter rotary tables with either standard (belted) or direct drive (inline) spindles. High-speed spindles (20,000 rpm) are offered as an option.

SRTi/SWi Product Line

The SRT Series of five-axis machines utilizes motor spindles and a swivel head with a C-axis rotary table embedded into and flush with the machine table, making them among the most flexible machines in the industry. The SW model utilizes the swivel head and a traditional machine table that can be then fitted with an A-axis rotary table to machine long five-axis parts. These models are available in either 42 or 60-inch X-axis travels. Customers can choose between standard and high-speed spindles.

VCi/VCXi Product Line

The B-axis configuration of the VC/VCX Series provides greater undercut capability in both positive and negative directions, allowing users to access more part surface area for machining. These cantilever machines are available with either a 20-inch or 23.6-inch pallet, moderately-priced models, or as a high speed, high performance model, with a torque motor-driven 23.6-inch-diameter rotary table.

BXi Product Line

The BX product line is for customers that require higher accuracy parts, as they are built with an extremely rigid double column design that offers superior vibration dampening and excellent thermal characteristics. Four models are available, two with 40-inch X-axis travels (a three-axis version and a five-axis version), as well as 53-inch and 63-inch X-axis travel models. The 53-inch and 63-inch models are available with #40 or #50 taper.

HMi Product Line

The HM product line offers customers moderately-priced horizontal machining centers designed for small lot sizes. Two models are available, one with a rotary table and one with a plain table. They both have X-axis travels of 67 inches. These products are designed for high-mix, low-volume applications that benefit from a horizontal spindle configuration, but do not require an expensive pallet switching system typically found on competitive horizontal machines.

HBMXi Product Line

The HBMX product line is beneficial to manufacturers that build custom machinery and parts for a multitude of industries, such as packaging, pharmaceutical, automotive, energy, and medical. Additionally, boring mills are also used to repair and/or rebuild large components. The HBMX boring mill product line consists of four models with X-axis travels of 55, 79, 94, and 120 inches.

DCXi Product Line

The double column DCX series includes six models in four sizes. Based on two, three, and four-meter X-axis travels, these machining centers are designed to facilitate production of large parts and molds often required by the aerospace, energy, and custom machinery industries. The 3-meter model is available as a five-axis machine equipped with an articulating head. DCX machines are the largest models offered by Hurco that feature the powerful and flexible WinMax® control.

TMi/TM-Mi Product Line

The TM/TM-M product line of slant-bed lathes (horizontal turning centers) is designed for entry-level job shops and contract manufacturers seeking efficient processing of small to medium lot sizes. There is one TM model in four sizes, measured by chuck size: six, eight, ten, and 12 inches. We added motorized tooling on the lathe turret to further enhance the capability of the TM turning centers and designated it as the TM-M product line. These turning centers with live tooling allow our customers to complete a number of secondary milling, drilling, and tapping operations while the part is still held in the chuck after the turning operations are complete, which provides significant productivity gains. The TM-M product line consists of three models: TM8Mi, TM10Mi, and TM12Mi.

TMXi Product Line

The TMX product line consists of high-performance turning centers. There are six models in two sizes. The TMX-MY models are equipped with an additional axis and motorized live tooling while the TMX-MYS models also have an additional spindle. These products are designed for customers who want to reduce part handling and complete complex components that require speed, accuracy, and superior surface finish in a single set-up. They are available in either eight or ten-inch main chuck sizes.

Product Development

Since Hurco is the technology and innovation brand of our corporate portfolio, we have focused our attention on product enhancements of existing models in an effort to align the Hurco brand with the newest engineering innovations and components available to compete with other premium brands in the marketplace. Examples of product enhancements completed in 2022 include new #50 taper versions of the BX50 and BX60 models, as well as expanded 60 station automatic tool changers for the VMX-SRT/SW product line. HS models were upgraded from 18,000 rpm spindles to 20,000 rpm spindles, including both three and five-axis machines. We also introduced the VM15Di in 2022, an entry-level machining center featuring an inline spindle for improved accuracy and surface finish.

Milltronics CNC Machine Tools

Our Milltronics line of CNC machine tools is designed for excellent value with more standard features for the price versus competitors. We manufacture and sell these machine tools with a fully integrated interactive computer control system called the Milltronics 9000 Series DGI CNC. The control is compatible with G & M Code programs (generated from CAD/CAM software) and also features onboard conversational visual aid programming.

The Milltronics portfolio consists of the following product lines:

VK Series

The VK is our CNC knee mill designed for prototype, research and development, maintenance, and other general-purpose applications. It offers the easy table access of a conventional knee mill, with the power and flexibility of the 9000 DGI CNC control and motion system. Unlike most competitive models, it is not a retrofit kit but rather designed from the ground up as a CNC.

TRQ/TRM Product Line

Products with the TRQ or TRM designation are part of the tool room bed mill category, which are machines that are available without an enclosure, also referred to as open bed machines, that provide easy access to the work table. Typical applications for these machines include general machining, job shops, prototype, or maintenance and repair. Available with quill-head or rigid-head designs, there are six models in four sizes with X-axis travels of 30, 40, 60 and 78 inches. The 60-inch model is also available with a high-torque option.

VM General Purpose (GP) Product Line

The VM-GP product line consists of attractively-priced vertical machining centers designed for job shops, prototype, research and development, and other general machining applications. These belt-driven models have 40-taper spindles and are available in four different sizes. Customers can choose models with X-axis travels of 25, 30, 40, or 50 inches. There is also a model with extended spindle nose-to-table dimensions for large fourth-axis rotary applications.

VM Inline Performance (IL) Product Line

The VM-IL product line consists of moderately-priced performance vertical machining centers for high-speed applications, such as die and mold, aerospace, and medical machining. Featuring heavier castings, faster motion, and inline spindles, these 40-taper machines are available in four sizes. Models include X-axis travels of 30, 42, 50, or 60 inches.

VM Extra Power (XP) Product Line

The VM-XP product line consists of moderately-priced, vertical machining centers for more demanding metal removal applications, such as castings or forgings. These heavy-duty, 50-taper models are designed for applications that require more power and torque. Customers can choose from three different models with X-axis travels of 50, 60, or 84 inches.

BR Product Line

The BR product line consists of high-speed bridge mills that are used in pattern shops and the aerospace industry, in addition to job shops, due to the large table and travels that support a wide range of part sizes. BR machines have inline spindles and are available in six models with up to 200 inches in X-axis travel by 80 inches in Y-axis travel.

ML Product Line

The ML product line consists of combination lathes that the customer can configure for either tool room or production applications with the option to add live tooling. There are 17 models available in a variety of thru hole sizes and in the following six swing-over bed diameters: 17, 19, 23, 27, 36, and 39.7 inches.

SL Product Line

The SL product line of slant-bed lathes (horizontal turning centers) is designed for entry-level job shops and contract manufacturers seeking efficient processing of small to medium lot sizes. These compact machines are available with chuck sizes of six, eight, and ten inches and support an optional conversational high-efficiency cutting cycle on the control called Bi-Directional Turning, a cutting strategy typically available only with high-end CAD/CAM systems.

Product Development

In fiscal year 2022, Milltronics hardware upgrades included expanded capacity automatic tool changers (30-tool ATC) for the XP Series and enhanced spindle speeds (12,000 rpm standard and a 15,000 rpm option) for the IL Series.

Takumi CNC Machine Tools

The Takumi brand features machines designed for applications requiring precision and high speed, high efficiency milling. Market segments that require such applications include die and mold, aerospace, medical, and energy, or any customer that needs to produce very high-accuracy parts quickly. Takumi machines are available with a variety of industry standard CNC controls, including Fanuc®*, Siemens®, Mitsubishi®, or Heidenhain®. Models include three-axis vertical machining centers with linear guides; three-axis vertical machining centers with box ways; high-speed, double column vertical machining centers; heavy-duty, double-column machining centers; five-axis machining centers and high-speed horizontal machining centers. Takumi machines are hand built and fitted to exacting standards to produce high accuracies and superior surface finishes.

The Takumi portfolio consists of the following product lines:

PV Series

The PV Series are entry-level vertical machining centers, yet feature high-performance direct drive spindles and robust roller way technology. PV machines are available in two sizes with X-axis travels of either 26 or 41 inches. They are designed for general purpose and job shop applications.

VC Series

The VC Series vertical machining centers are fast, three-axis linear guide machining centers designed for customers doing a variety of different parts, including die and mold, medical, automotive, and job shops. The VC machines are available in three sizes with X-axis travels of 34, 42, and 50 inches. An extended Y-axis travel version of the 42-inch model is offered for mold shops making square mold bases.

V Series

The V Series vertical machining centers are heavy-duty, box-way machines built for tough applications such as roughing cast iron. These three-axis, massive machines feature belt or geared spindles to provide maximum torque. The V Series product line includes eight models with X-axis travels of 39, 43, 47, 60, 70, 78, 86, and 126 inches.

*Fanuc® is a registered trademark of GE Fanuc Automation Americas, Inc. Siemens® is a registered trademark of Siemens AG. Mitsubishi® is a registered trademark of Mitsubishi Electric Corporation. Heidenhain® is a registered trademark of HEIDENHAIN CORPORATION, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the German company DR. JOHANNES HEIDENHAIN GmbH.

H Series

Designed to produce parts that require high precision and superior surface finishes, H Series machines offer an extremely rigid and thermally-stable double-column design. These three-axis models feature high-speed, direct-drive spindles, or built-in HSK spindles, with up to 20,000 rpm, in addition to spindle speed options of 24,000 rpm and 36,000 rpm. The H Series product line consists of 11 models with X-axis travels of 24, 40, 49, 63, 86, 126, 157, and 197 inches, with select models available with extended Y-axis travel and/or high-speed spindles. These machines are specifically targeted for die and mold and aerospace customers.

U Series

Designed with trunnion tables or swivel heads, these five-axis simultaneous machining centers provide versatility, as well as reduce setup time and process time. Most models are offered with a double-column structure for superior stability and performance. The U Series product line consists of six models, four of which offer trunnion table sizes of 10, 16, 24, and 31.5 inches. The UB version is equipped with a B/C swivel head and a 12,000 rpm built-in spindle. Its double-column design provides a spacious X-axis travel of 126 inches. The UR1000 has a two-axis head and a 39-inch rotary table integrated into a double-column machine, designed for large and heavy five-axis parts, such as those found in die and mold, aerospace, and energy applications.

G Series

Designed specifically for the machining of graphite or copper electrodes used in electrical discharge machining (EDM), G Series machines offer the same extremely rigid and thermally stable double-column design of the H Series with high-speed, direct-drive spindles, or built-in HSK spindles, that have up to 20,000 rpm, but are also equipped with a graphite dust extraction system. The G Series product line consists of three models with X-axis travels of 22, 30, and 40 inches.

BC Series

BC Series machines are double column, three-axis machining centers designed for heavy cutting and applications that require high power and torque, such as die and mold. These models include a heavy cutting, 6,000 rpm geared-head spindle for maximum cutting power. The BC Series models are available in eight sizes, including X-axis travels of 83, 122, 126, 157 and 197 inches, with several models featuring different choices of Y-axis travel.

HMX Series

The HMX Series are high-speed horizontal machining centers that are capable of up to 1G acceleration. These models include twin pallets to maximize cutting time along with very fast pallet exchange times and rapid traverse rates. Available in 400, 500, and 630 mm pallet sizes, they can also be fitted with expandable automatic tool changers that hold up to 220 tools.

SL Lathes

SL slant-bed lathes are turning centers equipped with box ways and designed for heavy cutting to provide superior part finishes. The SL Series includes four models: the SL200 and SL250, both available with ten-inch chucks; the SL300, which has a 12-inch chuck; and the SL450, which has an 18-inch chuck.

Product Development

In 2022, Takumi launched its largest lathe, the SL450, which has an 18-inch chuck. To accommodate demand for increased tool capacity, Takumi developed an efficient magazine design that can be expanded to hold 90, 120, or 150 tools without requiring an inordinate amount of floor space. Additionally, a new 60-station automatic tool changer was introduced for H-Series machines.

Other Computer Control Systems and Software Products

The following machine tool computer control systems and software products are sold directly to end-users and/or to other original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”).

Autobend®

Our Autobend® computer control systems are applied to metal bending press brake machines that form parts from sheet metal and steel plate. They consist of a microprocessor-based computer control and back gauge (an automated gauging system that determines where the bend will be made). We have manufactured and sold the Autobend® product line since 1968. We currently market two models of our Autobend® computer control systems for press brake machines, in combination with six different back gauges as retrofit units for installation on existing or new press brake machines.

Software Products

In addition to our standard computer control features, we offer software option products for part programming. These products are sold to users of our Hurco computerized machine tools equipped with our dual touch-screen or single touch-screen consoles featuring WinMax® control software. Each international division packages the options as appropriate for its market. The most common options include Advanced Verification Graphics, Solid Model Import with 3D DXF Technology, Swept Surface, DXF Transfer, UltiMonitor, UltiPocket with Helical Ramp Entry and Insert Pockets, Conversational Part and Tool Probing, Tool and Material Library, NC/Conversational Merge, Job List, Automation Job Manager, Stream Load, Active Thermal Compensation, Thread Repair, and Simultaneous Five-Axis Contouring.

The Advanced Verification Graphics option displays a picture of the rendered part on the screen of the control that can be viewed from any angle. The detail allows the customer to evaluate how the part is programmed to be machined before cutting commences, which eliminates the need to scrap expensive material.

Our Swept Surface software option simplifies programming of 3D contours and significantly reduces programming time.

The DXF Transfer software option increases operator productivity because it eliminates manual data entry of part features by transferring AutoCAD®* drawing files directly into our computer control or into our desktop programming software, WinMax® Desktop.

Solid Model Import with 3D DXF Technology automatically uses geometry from a 3D CAD model to easily create conversational programs for 2D and 3D parts or even 3+2 and 5-sided parts.

Designed to take advantage of the Internet of Things, UltiMonitor is a web-based productivity, management, and service tool that enables customers to monitor, inspect, and receive notifications about their Hurco machines from any location where they can access the internet. Customers can transfer part designs, receive event notifications via email for text, access diagnostic data, monitor the machine via webcam, and communicate with the machine operator.

UltiPocket with Helical Ramp Entry and Insert Pockets automatically calculates the tool path around islands, eliminating the arduous task of plotting these shapes. Islands can also be rotated, scaled and repeated.

* AutoCAD® is a registered trademark of Autodesk, Inc., and/or its subsidiaries/ affiliates in the U.S. and/or other countries.

Conversational Part and Tool Probing options permit the computerized dimensional measurement of machined parts and the associated cutting tools. This “on-machine” technique improves the throughput of the measurement process when compared to traditional “off-machine” approaches.

The Tool and Material Library option stores the tool and material information with the machine instead of storing it with each individual part program. The user enters the tool data and geometry one time and chooses the particular tool from the list when it is needed. Additionally, the library reads the part program and automatically locates the tool or displays an alert if the tool does not exist. In addition to saving time, the Tool and Material Library eliminates the need to enter information repeatedly and can prevent common tool crash conditions.

NC/Conversational Merge lets the user incorporate conversational features, such as tool probing, pattern operations, and scaling, into existing G-Code programs.

Job List provides an intuitive way to group files together and run them sequentially without operator intervention, which promotes automation, lights-out machining, program stitching, file bundling, and adaptive processes.

Automation Job Manager is a software feature designed specifically for seamless integration of the Hurco control to our automation package called Job Shop Automation, which promotes intuitive programming of collaborative robots for machine tending applications.

Stream Load allows the user to run very large NC files without the need to upload the entire file into the control’s memory to avoid exceeding memory limits.

Active Thermal Compensation is a feature that uses sensors to measure head casting temperature growth and software that automatically compensates for that growth, improving part accuracy.

Thread Repair is a feature for turning applications that provides an efficient way to repair existing threads, which is especially beneficial for large pipes and other parts manufactured for the oil/energy sector.

Simultaneous Five-Axis Contouring software enables a five-axis machine to command motion concurrently on all axes. This allows the user to create continuous tool-paths along complex geometries with only a single machine/part setup, providing increased productivity along with the performance benefits of using shorter cutting tools. The sale of simultaneous five-axis contouring software is subject to government export licensing requirements.

ProCobots CNC Automation

ProCobots provides automation solutions including collaborative robots (cobots), grippers, material handling, and Industry 4.0-capable software and controls. Designed to be easy to use, safe, and flexible, ProCobots solutions are standardized systems aimed at customers who are in the high-mix, low- and medium-volume manufacturing environments. Products include portable models, such as the ProFeeder Flex and ProFeeder Table, as well as flexible cell solutions, including the ProFeeder and Easy Desk, and higher volume systems including the ProFeeder Compact, ProFeeder X, and ProFeeder XL models. ProCobots solutions are available for any Hurco, Milltronics, or Takumi machine.

LCM Machine Tool Components and Accessories

Based in Italy, LCM designs, manufactures, and sells mechanical and electro-mechanical components and accessories for machine tools for a wide variety of machine tool OEMs. LCM’s direct drive spindle, swivel head, and rotary torque table are used in the Hurco SRT line of five-axis machining centers to achieve simultaneous five-axis machining.

CNC Rotary Tables

LCM has several lines of CNC rotary tables for both horizontal and vertical-horizontal positioning. Customers can choose rotary tables with either hydraulic or pneumatic clamping systems. Additionally, LCM offers CNC rotary tables powered by either a torque motor or a high-precision mechanical transmission.

CNC Tilt Tables

LCM has several lines of CNC tilting rotary tables, intended specifically for five-axis machining centers. Each of the lines is differentiated by the technology used for clamping (hydraulic or pneumatic) and by the type of transmission (either mechanical transmission or torque motor).

Swivel Heads and Electro-spindles

LCM has two primary lines of swivel heads that enable the spindle axis to be tilted with continuous motion and several electro-spindle (built-in motors for swivel heads) options. The two lines of swivel heads are differentiated by the type of transmission (either mechanical transmission or torque motor).

Product Development

In 2022, LCM developed a new high-performance Mill Turn rotary torque table with a 1200 mm diameter table capable of a speed of 800 rpm.

Non-Hurco Branded Products & Technologies

While our three brands of CNC machine tools, related software products, Autobend®, ProCobots, and LCM are responsible for the vast majority of our revenue, we have added certain other non-Hurco OEM products to our portfolio that contribute to our top and bottom line, provide product diversity and market penetration opportunity, and reduce the impact of geographic cyclicality. We believe these non-Hurco branded products help us partially offset the cyclical nature of the machine tool market and potentially reduce the risks associated with expansion into new geographic markets by diversifying our product offering. These non-Hurco branded products are sold by our wholly-owned distributors and are comprised primarily of other general-purpose vertical machining centers and lathes, laser cutting machines, waterjet cutting machines, CNC grinders, compact horizontal machining centers, metal cutting saws, and CNC Swiss lathes.

Parts and Service

Our service organization provides installation, warranty, operator training, and customer support for our products on a worldwide basis. In the United States, our principal distributors generally have the primary responsibility for machine installation and warranty service and support for product sales. Our service organization also sells software options, computer control upgrades, accessories, and replacement parts for our products. We believe our after-sales parts and service business strengthens our customer relationships and provides continuous information concerning the evolving requirements of end-users.

Manufacturing

Our computerized metal cutting machine tools are manufactured and assembled to our specifications primarily by our wholly-owned subsidiary in Taiwan (Hurco Manufacturing Limited (“HML”)). HML conducts final assembly operations and is supported by a network of contract suppliers of components and sub-assemblies that manufacture components for our products. Our facility in Ningbo, China (Ningbo Hurco Machine Tool Co. Ltd (“NHML”)) focuses on the machining of castings to support HML’s production in Taiwan. The LCM line of electro-mechanical components and accessories for machine tools is designed and manufactured in Italy. Our facility in Indianapolis, Indiana, also conducts final assembly operations for certain Hurco VMX machines, Milltronics IL/XP models, and Milltronics bridge mills for the American market and manufactures certain electro-spindle components for LCM.

We have a contract manufacturing agreement for computer control systems with Hurco Automation, Ltd. (“HAL”), a Taiwanese company in which we have a 35% ownership interest. This company produces all of our computer control systems to our specifications, sources industry standard computer components and our proprietary parts, performs final assembly, and conducts test operations.

We work closely with our subsidiaries, key component suppliers, and HAL to ensure that their production capacity will be sufficient to meet the projected demand for our machine tool products. Many of the key components used in our machines can be sourced from multiple suppliers. However, any prolonged interruption of operations or significant reduction in the capacity or performance capability at any of our manufacturing facilities, or at any of our key component suppliers, could have a material adverse effect on our operations.

Marketing and Distribution

We principally sell our products through approximately 200 independent agents and distributors throughout North and South America (the “Americas”), Europe, and Asia. Although some distributors carry competitive products, we are the primary line for the majority of our distributors globally. We also have our own direct sales and service organizations in China, the Czech Republic, France, Germany, India, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Singapore, Taiwan, the United Kingdom, and certain parts of the United States, which are among the world’s principal machine tool consuming markets. Our selling divisions in the United States have responsibility for the Americas, which includes Canada, Mexico, Central America, South America, and the U.S.

Approximately 85% of the worldwide demand for computerized machine tools and computer control systems is outside of the U.S. In fiscal year 2022, approximately 62% of our revenues were derived from customers outside of the Americas. No single end-user or distributor of our products accounted for more than 5% of our total sales and service fees. The end-users of our products are precision tool, die and mold manufacturers, independent job shops, specialized short-run production applications within large manufacturing operations, and manufacturing facilities that focus on medium-to-high run production of large batches of a few types of parts instead of small batches of many different parts. Industries served include aerospace, defense, medical equipment, energy, automotive/transportation, electronics, and computer industries.

We also sell our Autobend® computer control systems to OEMs of new metal fabrication machine tools that integrate them with their own products prior to the sale of those products to their own customers, to retrofitters of used metal fabrication machine tools that integrate them with those machines as part of the retrofitting operation, and to end-users that have an installed base of metal fabrication machine tools, either with or without related computer control systems.

Demand

We believe demand for our products is driven by advances in industrial technology and the related demand for automated process improvements. Other factors affecting demand include:

• the need to continuously improve productivity and shorten cycle time;
• an aging machine tool installed base that will require replacement with more advanced technology;
• the industrial development of emerging markets in Latin America, Asia, and Eastern Europe; and
• the declining supply of skilled machinists.

Demand for our products is also highly dependent upon economic conditions and the general level of business confidence, as well as factors such as production capacity utilization and changes in governmental policies regarding tariffs, corporate taxation, fluctuations in foreign currencies, and other investment incentives.

Competition

We compete with many other machine tool producers in the United States and foreign countries. Most of our competitors are larger and have greater financial resources than us. Major worldwide competitors include DMG Mori Seiki Co., Ltd., Mazak Corporation, Haas Automation, Inc., DN Solutions (formerly Doosan Corporation), Okuma Machinery Works, Ltd., Fryer Machine Systems Inc., ProtoTRAK CNC Machines, Quick Jet Machine, Co., Ltd., Gentiger Machinery Industrial, Co., Ltd., and Yeong Chin Machinery Industries, Co., Ltd.

Through our subsidiary LCM, we compete with manufacturers of machine tool components and accessories such as IBAG, Kessler, Peron Speed International, GSA Technology Co., Ltd., and Duplomatic Automation.

We strive to compete by developing patentable software and other proprietary features that offer enhanced productivity, technological capabilities, and ease of use. We offer our products in a range of prices and capabilities to target a broad potential market. We also believe that our competitiveness is aided by our reputation for reliability and quality, our strong international sales and distribution organization, and our extensive customer service organization.

Intellectual Property

We consider the majority of our products to be proprietary. Various features of our Hurco and Milltronics control systems and machine tools employ technologies covered by patents and trademarks that are material to our business. We also own additional patents covering new technologies that we have acquired or developed, and that we are planning to incorporate into our control systems or products in the future.

Human Capital Resources

Hurco is committed to attracting and retaining the brightest and best talent. Therefore, investing, developing, and maintaining human capital is critical to our success. As of October 31, 2022, Hurco had approximately 735 full-time employees, of which approximately 27% were in the Americas and 73% were in other global regions. As a global industrial technology company, a large number of our employees are engineers or trained trade or technical workers focusing on advanced manufacturing, and many of them hold masters’, doctorate, or equivalent advanced degrees. Hurco emphasizes a number of measures and objectives in managing its human capital assets, including, among others, employee safety and wellness, talent acquisition and retention, employee engagement, development, and training, diversity and inclusion, and compensation and pay equity. None of our employees are covered by a collective-bargaining agreement. We have not experienced any employee-generated work stoppages or disruptions, and we consider our employee relations to be satisfactory.

COVID-19 and Employee Safety and Wellness

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the safety and well-being of our employees and their families has been a top priority as we continue to serve our customers – many of which are involved in the installation, production, and/or maintenance of critical infrastructure. Our global pandemic efforts include leveraging the advice and recommendations of infectious disease experts and organizations to establish appropriate safety standards and secure appropriate levels of personal protective equipment for our workforce. Based upon this advice and recommendations, we have adopted and implemented the Hurco COVID-19 Exposure Prevention, Preparedness, and Response Plan (the “Hurco COVID Response Plan”) to outline our policies and procedures designed to mitigate the potential for transmission of COVID-19 and prevent exposure to illness from certain other infectious diseases. Among other things, the Hurco COVID Response Plan memorializes employee, manager, and company responsibilities related to house-keeping and sanitization, hygiene and respiratory etiquette, use of personal protective equipment, employee, and visitor screening procedures, leave policies and accommodations, remote working opportunities and infrastructure, and protocols for not reporting to work and/or when to return to work upon potential and/or confirmed COVID-19 exposure or infection. In addition to procuring personal protective equipment, automatic screening stations, and other preventative resources, we have also leveraged Hurco technology and human capital to directly produce personal protective equipment on Hurco products and distributed the same to our personnel and customers around the world.

We have also implemented a wellness program aimed at engaging employees with healthcare providers to promote the proactive evaluation, tracking, and management of major health and wellness indicators, such as blood pressure, weight, and routine blood laboratory analysis.

Employee Engagement, Development, and Training

We encourage and support the growth and development of our employees and, wherever possible, seek to fill positions by promotion and transfer from within the organization. We advance continual learning and career development through ongoing performance and development conversations or evaluations with employees, internally and externally developed training programs, and educational reimbursement programs. In connection with the latter, reimbursement is available to employees enrolled in pre-approved degree or certification programs at accredited institutions that teach skills or knowledge relative to our business or otherwise to the development of the employee’s skill set or knowledge base. In addition, we routinely invest in seminar, conference, and other training or continuing education events for our employees.

Diversity and Inclusion

We are committed to fostering work environments that value and promote diversity and inclusion. This commitment includes a policy to provide equal access to, and participation in, equal employment opportunities, programs, and services without regard to race, religion, color, national origin, disability, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, stereotypes or assumptions based thereon. We pride ourselves on policies and programs designed for the development and fair treatment of our global workforce, including generous healthcare and benefit programs for our employees, equal employment hiring practices and policies, anti-harassment, workforce safety, and anti-retaliation policies, and implementation of affirmative action programs. We welcome and celebrate our teams’ differences, experiences, and beliefs, and we are investing in a more engaged, diverse, and inclusive workforce.

Ethical Business Practices

We also foster a strong corporate culture that promotes high standards of ethics and compliance for our businesses, including policies that set forth principles to guide employee, officer, director, and vendor conduct, such as our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics. We also maintain a whistleblower policy and anonymous hotline for the confidential reporting of any suspected policy violations or unethical business conduct on the part of our businesses, employees, officers, directors, or vendors and provide training and education to our global workforce with respect to our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics and anti-corruption and anti-bribery policies. We intend to disclose any amendment to, or a waiver from, a provision of our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that applies to our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions by posting such information on our website at www.hurco.com (http://www.hurco.com).

Backlog

For information on orders and backlog, see Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in this report.

Availability of Reports and Other Information

Our website can be found at www.hurco.com (http://www.hurco.com). We use this website as a means of disclosing pertinent information about the Company, free of charge, including:

• Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, proxy materials, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file that material with or furnish it to the SEC;
• Press releases on quarterly earnings, product announcements, legal developments, and other material news that we may post from time to time;
• Corporate governance information including our Corporate Governance Principles, Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, information concerning our Board of Directors and its committees, including the charters of the Audit Committee, Compensation Committee, Nominating and Governance Committee and other governance-related policies; and
• Opportunities to sign up for email alerts and RSS feeds to have information provided in real time.

The information available on our website is not incorporated by reference in, or a part of, this or any other report we file with, or furnish to, the SEC.

In this section, we describe what we believe to be the material risks related to our business. The risks and uncertainties described below or elsewhere in this report are not the only ones to which we are exposed. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known and/or risks we currently deem immaterial may also adversely affect our business and operations. If any of the developments included in the following risks were to occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows or prospects could be materially adversely affected.

Risks Related to Our Industry and International Operations

The cyclical nature of our business causes fluctuations in our operating results.

The machine tool industry is highly cyclical and changes in demand can occur abruptly in the geographic markets we serve. As a result of this cyclicality, we have experienced significant fluctuations in our sales, which, in periods of reduced demand, have adversely affected our results of operations and financial condition, which could re-occur in the future.

Uncertain global economic conditions have adversely affected, and may in the future adversely affect, overall demand.

We typically sell the majority of our larger, high-performance VMX machines in Europe, which makes us particularly sensitive to economic and market conditions in that region. Economic uncertainty and business downturns in the U.S., European, and Asian Pacific markets have adversely affected, and may in the future adversely affect, our results of operations and financial condition. Moreover, global economic uncertainty and business downturns may be exacerbated or exaggerated in markets that are subject to ongoing wars or conflicts or in markets that depend on resources, energy, or supply chains from jurisdictions participating in such wars or conflicts. In particular, many markets in Europe and throughout the world are currently being negatively impacted by the war in Ukraine and resulting sanctions imposed on Russia.

Our international operations pose additional risks that may adversely impact sales and earnings.

During fiscal year 2022, approximately 62% of our revenues were derived from sales to customers located outside of the Americas. In addition, our main manufacturing facilities are located outside of the U.S. Our international operations are subject to a number of risks, including:

• trade barriers;
• regional economic uncertainty and nationalistic trade strategies;
• differing labor regulation;
• governmental expropriation;
• domestic and foreign customs and tariffs;
• current and changing regulatory environments affecting the importation and exportation of products and raw materials;
• difficulty in obtaining distribution support;
• difficulty in staffing and managing widespread operations;
• differences in the availability and terms of financing;
• political instability and unrest;
• negative or unforeseen consequences resulting from the introduction, termination, modification, or renegotiation of international trade agreements or treaties or the imposition of countervailing measures or anti-dumping duties or similar tariffs;
• foreign exchange controls that make it difficult to repatriate earnings and cash;
• changes in tax regulations and rates in foreign countries; and
• changes in the geopolitical environment, wars, conflicts, or trade barriers or blockades in the European Union and Asia, which may adversely affect business activity and economic conditions globally and could continue to contribute to instability in global financial and foreign exchange markets, as well as disrupt the free movement of goods, services, and people between countries.

Quotas, tariffs, taxes, or other trade barriers could require us to attempt to change manufacturing sources, reduce prices, increase spending on marketing or product development, withdraw from or not enter certain markets, or otherwise take actions that could be adverse to us and/or that we might not be able to accomplish in a timely manner or at all. Also, in some foreign jurisdictions, we may be subject to laws limiting the right and ability of entities organized or operating therein to pay dividends or remit earnings to affiliated companies unless specified conditions are met. These factors may adversely affect our future operating results. The vast majority of our products are shipped from our manufacturing facility in Taiwan from the Port of Taichung to four ports of destination: Los Angeles, California; Tacoma, Washington; Venlo, the Netherlands; and Shanghai, China. Changes in customs requirements, as a result of national security or other constraints put upon these ports, may also have an adverse impact on our results of operations. Similarly, significant delays at one or more of the ports where our products are shipped or received has impacted, and could continue to impact, the amount of time required to ship our products to customers, which could materially adversely impact our business, demand for our products, our ability to meet quoted delivery dates, our results of operations, future operations, and/or financial condition.

Additionally, we must comply with complex foreign and U.S. laws and regulations in a multitude of jurisdictions, such as the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, the U.K. Bribery Act, other foreign laws prohibiting corrupt payments to governmental officials, and anti-competition regulations. Violations of these laws and regulations could result in fines and penalties, criminal sanctions, tariffs or duties, restrictions on our business conduct and on our ability to offer our products in one or more countries, and could also materially adversely affect our brand, our ability to attract and retain employees, our international operations, our business and our operating results. Although we have implemented policies, procedures, and training designed to ensure compliance with these laws and regulations, there can be no assurance that our employees, contractors, or agents will not violate our policies.

Finally, a significant portion of our manufacturing, production, and assembly operations are located in certain limited geographic territories, including the People’s Republic of China (“China”) and the Republic of China (“Taiwan”). An unplanned interruption in manufacturing or supply, or significant increase in price from third party suppliers, could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition. Such an interruption or increase in price could result from various factors, including a change in the political environment, such as trade wars or tariffs, a natural disaster, such as an earthquake, typhoon, or tsunami, or vulnerabilities in our technology or cyber-attacks against our information systems, such as ransomware attacks. Also, any interruption in service by one of our key component suppliers, if prolonged, could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Additionally, the geopolitical environment and ongoing sovereign relationship between China and Taiwan, including recent heightened tensions between them, could have a material impact on our business. Specifically, if a trade war, tariff, physical or economic blockade, or war ensued and impacted access to or from the Taiwan or Chinese markets or workforce, we could have challenges maintaining production plans or output, accessing the skilled labor necessary to produce our products without interruption, accessing and/or shipping our finished goods, work in progress, or other inventories located in either of those territories, accessing or maintaining our supply base that is located in those territories or elsewhere, and/or otherwise experience significant disruptions in our business. Such disruptions, if prolonged, could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition. In such a case, we may be forced to relocate and/or shift production facilities to other geographic territories to mitigate the risks associated with consolidating our manufacturing operations in such territories, which would likely result in disruptions to our production plans and/or our ability to meet forecasted customer demand in the near and medium term, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial results, future operations, and/or financial position.

Fluctuations in the exchange rates between the U.S. Dollar and any of several foreign currencies can increase our costs and decrease our revenues.

Our sales to customers located outside of the Americas, which generated approximately 62% of our revenues in fiscal year 2022, are invoiced and received in several foreign currencies, primarily the Euro, Pound Sterling and Chinese Yuan. Therefore, our results of operations and financial condition are affected by fluctuations in exchange rates between these currencies and the U.S. Dollar, both for purposes of actual conversion and for financial reporting purposes. In addition, we are exposed to exchange risk associated with our purchases of materials and components for our Taiwan manufacturing operations, which are primarily made in the New Taiwan Dollar and the Euro. We hedge a portion of our foreign currency exposure with the purchase of forward exchange contracts. These hedge contracts only mitigate the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates that occur during the term of the related contract period and carry risks of counterparty failure. There can be no assurance that our hedges will have their intended effects.

We compete with larger companies that have greater financial resources, and our business could be harmed by competitors’ actions.

The markets in which our products are sold are extremely competitive and highly fragmented. In marketing our products, we compete with other manufacturers in terms of quality, reliability, price, value, delivery time, service, and technological characteristics. We compete with a number of U.S., European, and Asian competitors, many of which are larger and have substantially greater financial resources and some of which have been supported by governmental or financial institution subsidies and, therefore, may have competitive advantages over us. Our financial resources are limited compared to those of many of our competitors, making it challenging to remain competitive.

The United Kingdom's withdrawal from the European Union could have an adverse impact on our business, financial condition, operating results, and cash flows.

On January 31, 2020, the United Kingdom (“U.K.”) withdrew from the European Union (“E.U.”), commonly referred to as “Brexit.” On or around that time, the U.K. and E.U. agreed to participate in a transition period (the “Transition Period”), which expired on December 31, 2020, to negotiate a trade agreement and other aspects of their relationship after the Transition Period. During the Transition Period, free trade continued between the U.K. and E.U. without checks or extra charges. Following the Transition Period, the U.K. is no longer a part of the single market and customs union of the E.U. However, immediately prior to expiration of the Transition Period, the U.K. and E.U. announced they had entered into a post-Brexit deal on certain aspects of trade and other strategic and political issues (the “December 2020 Brexit Deal”) – avoiding some of the anticipated disruption of a no-deal, “hard” Brexit.

We have operations in the U.K. related to Hurco Europe Ltd. (“HEL”), our sales and service business unit located there. Changes resulting from Brexit, the December 2020 Brexit Deal, and/or subsequent transition agreements or arrangements could subject us or our subsidiaries, including HEL, to increased risk, including, among others, changes in regulatory oversight, disruptions to supply, increases in prices, fees, taxes or tariffs on goods that are sold between the E.U. and the U.K., inspections or barriers on goods sold between the U.K. and the E.U., extra charges, and/or difficulty staffing. We have evaluated the impact of Brexit on us, our subsidiaries, including HEL, our business, and our future operations, operating results, and cash flows, and it has not materially changed our business to date.

In addition, we do not know if the U.K. and E.U. will succeed in negotiating all material terms not otherwise addressed or covered by the December 2020 Brexit Deal or subsequent transition agreements or arrangements and/or if previously agreed upon items will be renegotiated in the future. Changes in these or other terms resulting from Brexit could, similarly, subject us or our subsidiaries, including HEL, to increased risk, including, among others, changes in regulatory oversight, disruptions to supply, increases in prices, fees, taxes or tariffs on goods that are sold between the E.U. and the U.K., inspections or barriers on goods sold between the U.K. and the E.U., extra charges, and/or difficulty staffing.

Brexit may also cause fluctuations in the value of the Pound Sterling and the Euro. Fluctuations in exchange rates between the U.S. Dollar and foreign currencies may adversely affect our expenses, earnings, cash flows, results of operations, and revenues. Although we attempt to mitigate our exposure to some of our foreign currency exchange risks through hedging arrangements, our hedging arrangements may not target the potential impacts associated with fluctuations in currency resulting from Brexit or otherwise effectively offset the adverse financial impacts.

Risks Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic

Public health emergencies or outbreaks of epidemics, pandemics, or contagious diseases have disrupted, and could continue to disrupt, our operations and materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Widespread public health emergencies or outbreaks of epidemics, pandemics, or contagious diseases, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, have had, and could continue to have, a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and related resurgences, governmental authorities in jurisdictions where our facilities, customers, and suppliers are located have imposed mandatory closures, stay-at-home orders, and social distancing protocols that significantly limit the movement of people, goods, and services or otherwise restrict normal business operations or consumption patterns.

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted our operations and will likely continue to affect our business. Specifically, many of our sales and service organizations throughout the Americas, Europe, and Asia Pacific have, at one time or another, been subject to temporary closures or otherwise been required to adopt remote work strategies. We may continue to experience additional temporary facility closures in response to government mandates and/or the incidence of additional spread.

Additionally, the COVID-19 outbreak has disrupted and could in the future disrupt our ability to deliver and/or install machines, our procurement of supplies for our operations, and our customers’ purchasing behavior or decisions. The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in significantly reduced demand for our products in certain markets from time to time, which could continue for an extended period of time. Any or all of the foregoing in jurisdictions where we or our customers, suppliers, or business partners are located have had and could continue to have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, cash flows, and financial condition. In addition, fluctuations in demand and other implications associated with the COVID-19 pandemic have resulted in, and could continue resulting in, certain supply chain constraints and challenges.

Significant increases in economic and demand uncertainty have led to disruption and volatility in the global credit and financial markets, which increases the cost of capital and adversely impacts access to capital for both our company and our customers and suppliers. In addition, resulting changes in our access to or cost of capital, expected cash flows, or other factors could cause our intangible assets to be impaired, resulting in a non-cash charge against results of operations to write down the intangible assets for the amount of the impairment. The duration and scope of the COVID-19 pandemic and related effects remain uncertain and, therefore, we cannot reasonably estimate the potential impact on our business, financial condition, or results of operations, but such impact has been, and could continue to be, material.

Operational and Strategic Risks

Our competitive position and prospects for growth may be diminished if we are unable to develop and introduce new and enhanced products on a timely basis that are accepted in the market.

The machine tool industry is subject to technological change, evolving industry standards, changing customer requirements, and improvements in and expansion of product offerings. Our ability to anticipate changes in technology, industry standards, customers’ requirements, and competitors’ product offerings, and to develop and introduce new and enhanced products on a timely basis that are accepted in the market, are significant factors in maintaining and improving our competitive position and growth prospects, and we may not be able to accomplish those actions on a timely basis or at all. If the technologies or standards used in our products become obsolete or fail to gain widespread commercial acceptance, our business would be materially adversely affected. Developments by others may render our products or technologies obsolete or noncompetitive.

Our continued success depends on our ability to protect our intellectual property.

Our future success depends, in part, upon our ability to protect our intellectual property. We rely principally on nondisclosure agreements, other contractual arrangements, trade secret law, trademark registration, and patents to protect our intellectual property. However, these measures may be inadequate to protect our intellectual property from infringement by others or prevent misappropriation of our proprietary rights. In addition, the laws of some foreign countries do not protect proprietary rights to the same extent as do U.S. laws. Our inability to protect our proprietary information and enforce our intellectual property rights through infringement proceedings could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

We are also subject to claims that we may be infringing certain patent or other intellectual property rights of third parties. While it is not possible to predict the outcome of patent and other intellectual property litigation, such litigation could result in our payment of significant monetary damages and/or royalty payments, negatively impact our ability to sell current or future products, reduce the market value of our products and services, lower our profits, and could otherwise have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Finally, certain subcontractors, vendors, and third parties provide inputs, components, code, and/or similar items that are complimentary and compatible with our products, software, and controls. If we are unable to secure access and/or rights to any such inputs, components, code, or similar items, our ability to continue to produce our products without interruption could be challenged, which could materially and adversely impact our business, financial condition, results of operation, and demand for our products.

Disruptions in our manufacturing operations or the supply of materials and components could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We depend on our wholly owned subsidiaries, HML, NHML, Milltronics, and LCM, to produce our machine tools and electro-mechanical components and accessories in Taiwan, China, the U.S., and Italy, respectively. We also depend on our 35% owned affiliate, HAL, and other key third-party suppliers to produce our computer control systems and key components, such as motors and drives, for our machine tools. An unplanned interruption in manufacturing or supply, or a significant increase in price from third party suppliers, would have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition. Such an interruption or increase in price could result from various factors, including a change in the political environment, such as trade wars or tariffs, a natural disaster, such as an earthquake, typhoon, or tsunami, or vulnerabilities in our technology or cyber-attacks against our information systems, such as ransomware attacks. Also, any interruption in service by one of our key component suppliers, if prolonged, could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Fluctuations in the price of raw materials and other inputs, especially steel, iron, and energy, could adversely affect our sales, costs, and profitability.

We manufacture products with a high iron and steel content. The availability and price for these and other raw materials, as well as for other inputs such as energy, are subject to volatility due to worldwide supply and demand forces, speculative actions, inventory levels, exchange rates, production costs, anticipated or perceived shortages, geopolitical relationships or conflicts, and tariffs or other trade restrictions. In some cases, those cost increases can be passed on to customers in the form of price increases, in other cases, they cannot. If the prices of raw materials and other inputs increase and we are not able to charge our customers higher prices to compensate, our results of operations would be adversely affected. Recent inflationary pressures and other factors have resulted in increases to the cost of the inputs or raw materials for our products. Similarly, recently, costs associated with transportation and freight services have previously increased significantly due to limited capacity and/or availability of containers, shipping vessels, and/or receiving port services. If prolonged, and if they cannot be passed on to customers in the form of price increases, these fluctuations in the price of raw materials, product components, other inputs, and/or transportation services could adversely affect our sales, costs, margin, and profitability.

The unanticipated loss of current members of our senior management team and other key personnel may adversely affect our operating results.

The unexpected loss of members of our senior management team or other key personnel could impair our ability to carry out our business plan. We believe that our future success will depend, in part, on our ability to attract and retain highly skilled and qualified personnel. The loss of senior management or other key personnel may adversely affect our operating results as we incur costs to replace the departed personnel and potentially lose opportunities in the transition of important job functions.

Acquisitions could disrupt our operations and harm our operating results.

We actively seek additional opportunities to expand our product offerings or the markets we serve by acquiring other companies, product lines, technologies, and personnel. Acquisitions involve numerous risks, including the following:

• difficulties integrating the operations, technologies, products, and personnel of an acquired company or being subjected to liability for the target’s pre-acquisition activities or operations as a successor in interest;
• diversion of management’s attention from normal daily operations of the business;
• potential difficulties completing projects associated with in-process research and development;
• difficulties entering markets in which we have no or limited prior experience, especially when competitors in such markets have stronger market positions;
• initial dependence on unfamiliar supply chains or relatively small supply partners;
• insufficient revenues to offset increased expenses associated with acquisitions;
• the potential loss of key employees of the acquired companies; and
• the potential for recording goodwill and intangible assets that later can be subject to impairment.

Acquisitions may also cause us to:

• issue common stock that would dilute our current shareholders’ percentage ownership;
• borrow and subject us to increasing interest rates;
• assume or otherwise be subject to liabilities of an acquired company;
• record goodwill and non-amortizable intangible assets that will be subject to impairment testing on a regular basis and potential periodic impairment charges;
• incur amortization expenses related to certain intangible assets;
• incur large acquisition and integration costs, immediate write-offs, and restructuring and other related expenses; and
• become subject to litigation.

For example, in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2020, we recorded a one-time $4.9 million non-cash impairment charge on goodwill arising from prior acquisitions. The goodwill impairment charge was attributable primarily to the prolonged ongoing uncertainty in the global markets due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Mergers and acquisitions are inherently risky. No assurance can be given that our acquisitions will be successful. Further, no assurance can be given that an acquisition will not adversely affect our business, operating results, or financial condition. Failure to manage and successfully integrate an acquisition could harm our business and operating results in a material way. Even when an acquired company has already developed and marketed products, there can be no assurance that enhancements to those products will be made in a timely manner or that pre-acquisition due diligence will identify all possible issues that might arise with respect to such products or the acquired business.

Risks related to new product development also apply to acquisitions. For additional information, please see the risk factor entitled, “Due to future changes in technology, changes in market demand, or changes in market expectations, portions of our inventory may become obsolete or excessive.”

Failure to comply with data privacy and security laws and regulations could adversely affect our operating results and business.

A number of U.S. states have enacted data privacy and security laws and regulations that govern the collection, use, disclosure, transfer, storage, disposal, and protection of sensitive personal information, such as social security numbers, financial information, and other personal information. For example, several U.S. territories and all 50 states now have data breach laws that require timely notification to individual victims, and at times regulators, if a company has experienced the unauthorized access or acquisition of sensitive personal data. Other state laws include the California Consumer Privacy Act (“CCPA”), which gives California residents certain privacy rights in the collection and disclosure of their personal information and requires businesses to make certain disclosures and take certain other acts in furtherance of those rights. Additionally, effective starting January 1, 2023, the California Privacy Rights Act (the “CPRA”) revised and significantly expanded the scope of the CCPA. The CPRA also created a new California data protection agency authorized to implement and enforce the CCPA and the CPRA, which could result in increased privacy and information security enforcement. Other states have considered and/or enacted similar privacy laws. We will continue to monitor and assess the impact of these state laws, which may impose substantial penalties for violations, impose significant costs for investigations and compliance, allow private class-action litigation, and carry significant potential liability for our business.

Outside of the U.S., data protection laws, including the U.K. and E.U. General Data Protection Regulation (the “GDPR”), also apply to some of our operations. Legal requirements in these countries relating to the collection, storage, processing and transfer of personal data continue to evolve. The GDPR imposes, among other things, data protection requirements that include strict obligations and restrictions on the ability to collect, analyze, and transfer U.K. or EU personal data, as applicable, a requirement for prompt notice of data breaches to data subjects and supervisory authorities in certain circumstances, and possible substantial fines for any violations (including possible fines for certain violations of up to the greater of 20 million Euros or 4% of total worldwide annual revenue under the E.U. GDPR and up to the greater of 17.5 million Pounds or 4% of annual global turnover under the U.K. GDPR). Other governmental authorities around the world are considering and, in some cases, have enacted, similar privacy and data security laws.

The interpretation and enforcement of the laws and regulations described above are uncertain and subject to change and may require substantial costs to monitor and implement compliance with any additional requirements. Failure to comply with U.S. and international data protection laws and regulations could result in government enforcement actions (which could include substantial civil and/or criminal penalties), private litigation and/or adverse publicity, and could negatively affect our operating results and business.

If our network and system security measures are breached and unauthorized access is obtained to our data, to our employees’, customers’, or vendors’ data, or to our critical information technology systems, we may incur legal and financial exposure and liabilities.

As part of our business, we store our data and certain data about our employees, customers, and vendors in our information technology systems. If a third party gained unauthorized access to our data, including any data regarding our employees, customers, or vendors, the security breach could expose us to risks, including loss of business, litigation, and possible liability. Our security measures may be breached as a result of third-party action, including intentional misconduct by computer hackers, employee error, malfeasance, or otherwise. Third parties may attempt to fraudulently induce employees or customers into disclosing sensitive information such as usernames, passwords, or other information to gain access to our customers' data or our data, including our intellectual property and other confidential business information, or our information technology systems. In addition, given their size and complexity, our information systems could be vulnerable to service interruptions or to security breaches from inadvertent or intentional actions by our employees, third-party vendors, and/or business partners, or from cyber-attacks by malicious third parties attempting to gain unauthorized access to our products, systems, or confidential information.

Like other public, multi-national corporations, we have and will continue to be subject to, instances of phishing attacks on our email systems, other cyber-attacks, including state-sponsored cyber-attacks, industrial espionage, insider threats, computer denial-of-service attacks, computer viruses, ransomware, and other malware, wire fraud, or other cyber incidents.

The techniques used to obtain unauthorized access, or to sabotage systems, are becoming more sophisticated, frequent, and adaptive, and therefore, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate preventative measures. Any security breach could result in: the unauthorized publication of our confidential business or proprietary information; the unauthorized release of employee, customer, or vendor data and payment information; a loss of confidence by our customers; damage to our reputation; a disruption to our business; litigation and legal liability; and a negative impact on our future sales. In addition, the cost and operational consequences of implementing further data protection or data restoration measures could be significant.

Financial, Credit, and Liquidity Risks

Due to future changes in technology, changes in market demand, or changes in market expectations, portions of our inventory may become obsolete or excessive.

The technology within our products evolves, and we periodically bring new versions of our machines to market. The phasing out of an old product involves estimating the amount of inventory required to satisfy the final demand for those machines and to satisfy future repair part needs. Based on changing customer demand and expectations of delivery times for repair parts, we may find that we have either obsolete or excess inventory on hand. Because of unforeseen future changes in technology, market demand or competition, we might have to write off unusable inventory, which would adversely affect our results of operations.

Assets have become, and may become further, impaired, requiring us to record a significant charge to earnings.

We review our assets, including intangible assets, for indications of impairment annually and when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. We could be required to record a significant charge to earnings in our financial statements for the period in which any impairment of these assets is determined, which would adversely affect our results of operations for that period. In the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2020, we recorded a one-time $4.9 million non-cash goodwill impairment charge arising from prior acquisitions, and we may be required to record impairment charges on other assets in the future.

We may experience negative or unforeseen tax consequences.

We may experience negative or unforeseen tax consequences, which could materially adversely affect our results of operations. We review the probability of the realization of our net deferred tax assets each period based on forecasts of taxable income in both the U.S. and foreign jurisdictions. This review uses historical results, projected future operating results based upon approved business plans, eligible carryforward periods, tax-planning opportunities, and other relevant considerations. Adverse changes in our profitability and financial outlook in the U.S. or foreign jurisdictions may require the creation of a valuation allowance to reduce our net deferred tax assets. Such changes could result in material non-cash expenses in the period in which the changes are made and could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations and financial condition. We also earn a significant amount of our operating income from outside the U.S., and any repatriation of funds representing earnings of foreign subsidiaries may significantly impact our effective tax rates.

We are subject to taxes in the U.S. and numerous foreign jurisdictions. Due to economic and political conditions, tax rates in various jurisdictions, including the U.S., may be subject to significant change. Our effective tax rates could be adversely affected by changes in the mix of earnings in countries with differing statutory tax rates, changes in the valuation of deferred tax assets and liabilities, or changes in tax laws or their interpretation, including tax laws in the U.S. Similarly, changes in tax laws or regulations, including those in the U.S., could negatively impact our effective tax rate and results of operations. A change in a statutory tax rate may result in the revaluation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities related to the relevant jurisdiction in which the new tax law is enacted, potentially resulting in a material expense or benefit recorded in our Consolidated Statements of Income for that period.

In December 2017, the U.S. passed the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. The Company has evaluated and recorded the aggregate impact of this passed legislation on our financial condition, cash flows, and results of operations. Any benefits associated with lower U.S. corporate tax rates could be reduced or outweighed by other tax changes adverse to our business or operations, such as new or additional taxes imposed on earnings and/or reinvested earnings of our foreign subsidiaries. The aggregate impact of such legislation, including adverse future regulatory guidance, could have a material adverse impact on our cash flows and results of operations.

Other changes in the tax laws of the jurisdictions where we do business, including an increase in tax rates or an adverse change in the treatment of an item of income or expense, could result in a material increase in our tax expense. For example, changes in the tax laws of foreign jurisdictions could arise as a result of the “base erosion and profit shifting” project undertaken by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (“OECD”). The OECD, which represents a coalition of member countries, has recommended changes to numerous long-standing tax principles. These changes, as adopted by countries, could increase tax uncertainty and may adversely affect our provision for income taxes.

The following table sets forth the principal use, location, and size of each of our facilities:

We own the Indianapolis facility and lease all other facilities. The leases have terms expiring at various dates ranging from April 2023 to January 2029. We believe that all of our facilities are well maintained and are adequate for our needs now and in the foreseeable future. We do not believe that we would experience significant difficulty in replacing any of the currently leased facilities if any of our leases were not renewed at expiration.

From time to time, we are involved in various claims and lawsuits arising in the normal course of business. Pursuant to applicable accounting rules, we accrue the minimum liability for each known claim when the estimated outcome is a range of possible loss and no one amount within that range is more likely than another. We maintain insurance policies for such matters, and we record insurance recoveries when we determine such recovery to be probable. We do not expect any of these claims, individually or in the aggregate, to have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position or results of operations. We believe that the ultimate resolution of claims for any losses will not exceed our insurance policy coverages.

The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) contains information intended to help provide an understanding of our financial condition and other related matters, including our liquidity, capital resources and results of operations. The MD&A is provided as a supplement to, and should be read in conjunction with, our consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included elsewhere in this report.

The following MD&A generally focuses on the operating results and year-over-year comparisons between fiscal years 2022 and 2021. Discussion of fiscal year 2020 results and year-over-year comparisons between fiscal years 2021 and 2020 that are not included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K can be found in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2021, filed with the SEC on January 7, 2022.

EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW

Hurco Companies, Inc. is an international, industrial technology company operating in a single segment. We design, manufacture, and sell computerized (i.e., CNC) machine tools, consisting primarily of vertical machining centers (mills) and turning centers (lathes), to companies in the metal cutting industry through a worldwide sales, service, and distribution network. Although the majority of our computer control systems and software products are proprietary, they predominantly use industry standard personal computer components. Our computer control systems and software products are primarily sold as integral components of our computerized machine tool products. We also provide machine tool components, automation integration equipment and solutions for job shops, software options, control upgrades, accessories and replacement parts for our products, as well as customer service, training, and applications support.

The following overview is intended to provide a brief explanation of the principal factors that have contributed to our recent financial performance. This overview is intended to be read in conjunction with the more detailed information included in our financial statements, and notes thereto, that appear elsewhere in this report.

The market for machine tools is international in scope. We have both significant foreign sales and significant foreign manufacturing operations. During fiscal year 2022, approximately 50% of our revenues were attributable to customers in Europe, where we typically sell more of our higher-performance, higher-priced VMX series machines. Additionally, approximately 12% of our revenues were attributable to customers in the Asia Pacific region, where we encounter greater pricing pressures.

We have three brands of CNC machine tools in our product portfolio. Hurco is the technology innovation brand for customers who want to increase productivity and profitability by selecting a brand with the latest software and motion technology. Milltronics is the value-based brand for shops that want easy-to-use machines at competitive prices. The Takumi brand is for customers that need very high speed, high efficiency performance, such as that required in the production, die and mold, aerospace, and medical industries. Takumi machines are equipped with industry standard controls instead of the proprietary controls found on Hurco and Milltronics machines. These three brands of CNC machine tools are responsible for the vast majority of our revenue. However, we have added other non-Hurco branded products to our product portfolio that have contributed product diversity and market penetration opportunity. These non-Hurco branded products are sold by our wholly-owned distributors and are comprised primarily of other general-purpose vertical milling centers and lathes, laser cutting machines, waterjet cutting machines, CNC grinders, compact horizontal machines, metal cutting saws, and CNC swill lathes. ProCobots is our wholly-owned subsidiary that provides automation solutions. In addition, through our wholly-owned subsidiary LCM, we produce high value machine tool components and accessories.

We principally sell our products through approximately 200 independent agents and distributors throughout the Americas, Europe, and Asia. Although some distributors carry competitive products, we are the primary line for the majority of our distributors globally. We also have our own direct sales and service organizations in China, the Czech Republic, France, Germany, India, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Singapore, Taiwan, the United Kingdom, and certain parts of the United States, which are among the world's principal machine tool consuming markets. The vast majority of our machine tools are manufactured to our specifications primarily by our wholly-owned subsidiary in Taiwan, HML. Machine castings to support HML’s production are manufactured at our wholly-owned subsidiary in Ningbo, China, NHML. Components to support our SRT line of five-axis machining centers, such as the direct-drive spindle, swivel head, and rotary table, are manufactured by our wholly-owned subsidiary in Italy, LCM.

Our sales to foreign customers are denominated, and payments by those customers are made, in the prevailing currencies in the countries in which those customers are located (primarily the Euro, Pound Sterling, and Chinese Yuan). Our product costs are incurred and paid primarily in the New Taiwan Dollar and the U.S. Dollar. Changes in currency exchange rates may have a material effect on our operating results and consolidated financial statements as reported under U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. For example, when the U.S. Dollar weakens in value relative to a foreign currency, sales made, and expenses incurred, in that currency when translated to U.S. Dollars for reporting in our financial statements, are higher than would be the case when the U.S. Dollar is stronger. In the comparison of our period-to-period results, we discuss the effect of currency translation on those results, which reflect translation to U.S. Dollars at exchange rates prevailing during the period covered by those financial statements.

Our high levels of foreign manufacturing and sales also expose us to cash flow risks due to fluctuating currency exchange rates. We seek to mitigate those risks through the use of derivative instruments – principally foreign currency forward exchange contracts.

We operate in the industrial equipment industry and have a global footprint that subjects us to various business risks in many different countries. As a result of the global COVID-19 pandemic, beginning in early 2020, governmental authorities in many of the major global machine tool markets implemented mandatory stay-at-home or shelter orders requiring most businesses to close or to significantly limit operations, resulting in a sudden decrease in demand for many goods and services. Although the mandatory stay-at-home or shelter orders in many jurisdictions permitted our local operations to continue as an essential business or a supplier to critical infrastructure industries or otherwise with remote work capabilities, many of our customers experienced, and continue to experience, significant disruptions in their business operations and normal purchasing cycles. We cannot predict the duration or scope of impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the negative financial impact to our results cannot be reasonably estimated, but we believe the impact has been material thus far with regard to revenues, income from operations, and cash flow from operations and could continue to be material in the near future. To date, we have experienced some delays in our supply chain and have not completely ceased operations at any of our global facilities, but have implemented remote working capabilities, as appropriate or otherwise required under local law. We have also implemented adjustments in headcount and discretionary spending, delayed capital expenditures, and monitored production activities closely in an effort to weather the adverse business climate. We also received stimulus in various countries to support operations and implemented tax deferrals and provisions that were available to us. We also experienced inflationary pressures and input cost increases in our supply chains on components for our products. We have also seen capacity for transportation and freight services limited significantly by container or vessel availability and delays at departing and receiving ports, all of which have contributed to significantly increased costs and prices associated with the global shipment of our products.

The COVID-19 pandemic did not have as significant an impact on our business and industry during fiscal year 2022 as it did in fiscal years 2020 and 2021. However, intermittent lockdowns and similar restrictions in certain markets from time to time continue to impact our business, including those in China pursuant to its zero- tolerance COVID policy.

We will continue to evaluate and disclose any trends and uncertainties that have had or are reasonably expected to have, a material effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations, changes in shareholders’ equity and cash flows for and at the end of each interim period.

Results of Operations

The following table presents, for the fiscal years indicated, selected items from the Consolidated Statements of Operations expressed as a percentage of our worldwide sales and service fees and the year-to-year percentage changes in the dollar amounts of those items.

Fiscal Year 2022 Compared to Fiscal Year 2021

Sales and Service Fees. Sales and service fees for fiscal year 2022 were $250.8 million, an increase of $15.6 million, or 7%, compared to fiscal year 2021, and included an unfavorable currency impact of $13.9 million, or 6%, when translating foreign sales to U.S. Dollars for financial reporting purposes.

Net Sales and Service Fees by Geographic Region

The following table sets forth net sales and service fees by geographic region for the fiscal years ended October 31, 2022 and 2021 (dollars in thousands):

Sales in the Americas for fiscal year 2022 increased by 11%, compared to fiscal year 2021, primarily due to inflationary price increases and an increased volume of shipments of VM and higher-performance five-axis Hurco machines.

European sales for fiscal year 2022 increased by 7%, compared to fiscal year 2021, and included an unfavorable currency impact of 11%, when translating foreign sales to U.S. Dollars for financial reporting purposes. This increase was primarily driven by inflationary price increases, an increased volume of shipments of higher-performance Hurco, Takumi, and Milltronics machines across the European region, as well as increased sales of electro-mechanical components and accessories manufactured by LCM.

Asian Pacific sales for fiscal year 2022 decreased by 8%, compared to fiscal year 2021, and included an unfavorable currency impact of 3%, when translating foreign sales to U.S. Dollars for financial reporting purposes. The year-over-year decrease in Asian Pacific sales primarily resulted from a reduced volume of shipments of Hurco and Takumi machines in China and Southeast Asia, partially offset by an increased volume of shipments of Hurco machines in India. The reduced volume of shipments of Hurco and Takumi machines in China was primarily due to recent COVID-19 lockdowns and similar restrictions in major Chinese markets pursuant to China’s zero-tolerance COVID-19 policy.

Net Sales and Service Fees by Product Category

The following table sets forth net sales and service fees by product group and services for the fiscal years ended October 31, 2022 and 2021 (dollars in thousands):

† Amounts shown do not include computer control systems and software sold as an integrated component of computerized machine systems.

Sales of computerized machine tools and computer control systems and software for fiscal year 2022 increased by 7% and 4%, respectively, compared to fiscal year 2021, primarily due to inflationary price increases and an increased volume of shipments of VM and higher-performance five-axis Hurco machines in North America and Europe. Sales of service parts for fiscal year 2022 increased by 7%, compared to fiscal year 2021, due mainly to inflationary price increases and an increased volume of aftermarket sales in North America and the United Kingdom. Service fees increased by 7% during fiscal year 2022, compared to fiscal year 2021, primarily due to increased aftermarket service for Hurco and Takumi machines throughout Europe. During fiscal year 2022, sales for all product categories included an unfavorable currency impact of 6%, when translating foreign sales to U.S. Dollars for financial reporting purposes.

Orders and Backlog. Orders for fiscal year 2022 were $240.9 million, a decrease of $24.5 million, or 9%, compared to fiscal year 2021, and included an unfavorable currency impact of $14.3 million, or 5%, when translating foreign orders to U.S. Dollars.

The following table sets forth new orders booked by geographic region for the fiscal years ended October 31, 2022 and 2021 (dollars in thousands):

Orders in the Americas for fiscal year 2022 decreased by 4%, compared to fiscal year 2021, primarily due to decreased customer demand for Hurco and Milltronics machines, partially offset by inflationary price increases implemented during fiscal year 2022. Despite the year-over-year decrease in total machine order volume, machine orders for Hurco lathes and higher-performance five-axis machines increased during the fiscal year.

European orders for fiscal year 2022 decreased by 8%, compared to fiscal year 2021, and included an unfavorable currency impact of 10%, when translating foreign orders to U.S. Dollars. This decrease was primarily attributable to the negative impact of currency and decreased customer demand for electro-mechanical components manufactured by LCM and for Hurco machines in the United Kingdom, France, and Italy, partially offset by inflationary price increases implemented during fiscal year 2022 and increased demand for Hurco and Takumi machines in Germany and for Milltronics machines across the region.

Asian Pacific orders for fiscal year 2022 decreased by 27%, compared to fiscal year 2021, and included an unfavorable currency impact of 4%, when translating foreign orders to U.S. Dollars. The decrease in Asian Pacific orders year-over-year was driven primarily by decreased customer demand for Hurco and Takumi machines in China and Southeast Asia due to recent COVID-19 lockdowns and similar restrictions, partially offset by increased demand for Hurco machines in India.

Backlog at October 31, 2022 decreased to $44.8 million from $60.0 million at October 31, 2021, primarily due to decreased customer demand during fiscal year 2022 for all product brands and in all regions where our customers are located. We do not believe backlog is a useful measure of past performance or indicative of future performance. Backlog orders as of October 31, 2022 are expected to be fulfilled in fiscal year 2023.

Gross Profit. Gross profit for fiscal year 2022 was $64.5 million, or 26% of sales, compared to $56.2 million, or 24% of sales, for fiscal year 2021. During fiscal year 2021, we recorded approximately $1.2 million, or 1% of sales, for the employee retention credit extended to companies under the Economic Aid to Hard-Hit Small Businesses, Nonprofits, and Venues Act and the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (the “employee retention credit”). While the employee retention credit did not recur in fiscal year 2022, gross profit as a percentage of sales benefited from increased sales of higher-performance machines, improved leverage of fixed overhead costs and inflationary price increases implemented during fiscal year 2022.

Operating Expenses. Selling, general, and administrative expenses for fiscal year 2022 were $51.7 million, or 21% of sales, compared to $46.0 million, or 20% of sales, for fiscal year 2021, and included a favorable currency impact of $2.2 million, when translating foreign expenses to U.S. Dollars for financial reporting purposes. The year-over-year increase in selling, general, and administrative expenses was driven primarily by increases in marketing and tradeshow expenses (particularly related to the International Manufacturing Technology Show in September 2022), sales commissions, and employee benefit and compensation costs, as well as increased one-time costs for administrative services. The increase in selling, general, and administrative expenses year-over-year also reflected the employee retention credit recorded in those expenses in fiscal year 2021 of $1.7 million, or 1% of sales.

Operating Income (Loss). Operating income for fiscal year 2022 was $12.7 million, or 5% of sales, compared to an operating income of $10.2 million, or 4% of sales, for fiscal year 2021. The year-over-year increase in operating income for fiscal year 2022 was primarily due to increased sales of higher-performance machines and inflationary price increases implemented during fiscal year 2022. Operating income for fiscal year 2021 included a benefit of $2.9 million related to the employee retention credit.

Other Expense, Net. Other expense, net for fiscal year 2022 increased by $1.3 million from fiscal year 2021, due mainly to an increase in foreign currency exchange losses.

Provision for Income Taxes. We recorded an income tax expense of $3.7 million for fiscal year 2022, compared to income tax expense of $3.4 million for fiscal year 2021. Our effective tax rate for fiscal year 2022 was 31%, compared to 33% for fiscal year 2021. The year-over-year change in the effective tax rate was primarily due to changes in geographic mix of income and loss that includes jurisdictions with differing tax rates, various discrete tax items, and changes in income tax laws to address the unfavorable impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Net Income (Loss). Net income for fiscal year 2022 was $8.2 million, or $1.23 per diluted share, compared to $6.8 million, or $1.01 per diluted share, for fiscal year 2021. The year-over-year increase in net income was primarily due to increased sales of higher-performance machines and inflationary price increases implemented during fiscal year 2022.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

At October 31, 2022, we had cash and cash equivalents of $63.9 million, compared to $84.1 million at October 31, 2021. The decrease in cash and cash equivalents was primarily a result of increases in inventories. Approximately 31% of our $63.9 million of cash and cash equivalents is held in the U.S. The balance is attributable to our foreign operations and is held in the local currencies of our various foreign entities, subject to fluctuations in currency exchange rates. We do not believe that the indefinite reinvestment of these funds offshore impairs our ability to meet our domestic working capital needs.

Working capital (including cash and cash equivalents) was $194.7 million at October 31, 2022, compared to $208.7 million at October 31, 2021. The decrease in working capital was primarily driven by decreases in cash and cash equivalents, prepaid assets, and accounts receivable, partially offset by an increase in inventories and decreases in accounts payable and customer deposits.

Inventories, net were $156.2 million at October 31, 2022, compared to $148.2 million at October 31, 2021. Inventory turns at October 31, 2022 of 1.2 remained the same as that at October 31, 2021.

Capital expenditures were $2.2 million in fiscal year 2022, compared to $2.4 million in fiscal year 2021. Capital expenditures for fiscal year 2022 were primarily for software development costs, purchases of factory equipment for production facilities, and purchases of general software and equipment for sales and service divisions. We funded these expenditures with cash flows from operations.

On March 12, 2021, we announced that our Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program in an aggregate amount of up to $7.0 million. Repurchases under the program may be made in the open market or through privately-negotiated transactions from time to time through March 10, 2023, subject to applicable laws, regulations and contractual provisions. The program may be amended, suspended or discontinued at any time and does not commit us to repurchase any shares of our common stock. During fiscal year 2022, we repurchased $2.9 million in shares of our common stock, and $4.1 million remained available under the program as of January 6, 2023.

On January 6, 2023, we announced that our Board of Directors approved an additional share repurchase program in an aggregate amount of up to $25.0 million. Repurchases under the program may be made in the open market or through privately negotiated transactions from time to time through November 10, 2024, subject to applicable laws, regulations and contractual provisions. The program may be amended, suspended, or discontinued at any time and does not commit us to repurchase any shares of our common stock.

In addition, during fiscal year 2022, we paid cash dividends to our shareholders equal to $3.9 million. Future dividends are subject to approval of our Board of Directors and will depend upon many factors, including our results of operations, financial condition, capital requirements, regulatory and contractual restrictions, our business strategy and other factors deemed relevant by our Board of Directors from time to time.

On December 31, 2018, we and our subsidiary Hurco B.V. entered into a credit agreement with Bank of America, N.A., as the lender, which was subsequently amended on each of March 13, 2020, December 23, 2020, December 17, 2021, and January 4, 2023 (as amended, the “2018 Credit Agreement”). The 2018 Credit Agreement provides for an unsecured revolving credit and letter of credit facility in a maximum aggregate amount of $40.0 million. The 2018 Credit Agreement provides that the maximum amount of outstanding letters of credit at any one time may not exceed $10.0 million, the maximum amount of outstanding loans made to our subsidiary Hurco B.V. at any one time may not exceed $20.0 million, and the maximum amount of all outstanding loans denominated in alternative currencies at any one time may not exceed $20.0 million. Under the 2018 Credit Agreement, we and Hurco B.V. are borrowers, and certain of our other subsidiaries are guarantors. The scheduled maturity date of the 2018 Credit Agreement is December 31, 2023.

Borrowings under the 2018 Credit Agreement bear interest at floating rates based on, at our option, either (i) a rate based upon the secured overnight financing rate (“SOFR”), the Sterling Overnight Index Average Reference Rate, the Euro Interbank Offering Rate, or another alternative currency-based rate approved by the lender, depending on the term of the loan and the currency in which such loan is denominated, plus 1.00% per annum, or (ii) a base rate (which is the highest of (a) the federal funds rate plus 0.50%, (b) the prime rate or (c) the one month SOFR-based rate plus 1.00%), plus 0.00% per annum. Outstanding letters of credit will carry an annual rate of 1.00%.

The 2018 Credit Agreement contains customary affirmative and negative covenants and events of default, including covenants (1) restricting us from making certain investments, loans, advances and acquisitions (but permitting us to make investments in subsidiaries of up to $10.0 million); (2) restricting us from making certain payments, including (a) cash dividends, except that we may pay cash dividends as long as immediately before and after giving effect to such payment, the sum of the unused amount of the commitments under the 2018 Credit Agreement plus our cash on hand is not less than $10.0 million, and as long as we are not in default before and after giving effect to such dividend payments and (b) payments made to repurchase shares of our common stock, except that we may repurchase shares of our common stock as long as we are not in default before and after giving effect to such repurchases and the aggregate amount of payments made by us for all such repurchases during any fiscal year does not exceed $25.0 million; (3) requiring that we maintain a minimum working capital of $125.0 million; and (4) requiring that we maintain a minimum tangible net worth of $176.5 million. We may use the proceeds from advances under the 2018 Credit Agreement for general corporate purposes.

In March 2019, our wholly-owned subsidiaries in Taiwan, HML, and China, NHML, closed on uncommitted revolving credit facilities with maximum aggregate amounts of 150 million New Taiwan Dollars and 32.5 million Chinese Yuan, respectively. As uncommitted facilities, both the Taiwan and China credit facilities are subject to review and termination by the respective underlying lending institution from time to time.

As of October 31, 2022, our existing credit facilities consisted of the €1.5 million revolving credit facility in Germany, the 150 million New Taiwan Dollars Taiwan credit facility, the 32.5 million Chinese Yuan China credit facility, and the $40.0 million revolving credit facility under the 2018 Credit Agreement. We had no debt or borrowings under any of our credit facilities at October 31, 2022.

At October 31, 2022, we had an aggregate of approximately $50.6 million available for borrowing under our credit facilities and were in compliance with all covenants relating thereto.

We have an international cash pooling strategy that generally provides access to available cash deposits and credit facilities when needed in the U.S., Europe, or Asia Pacific. We believe our access to cash pooling and our borrowing capacity under our credit facilities provide adequate liquidity to fund our global operations over the next twelve months and beyond and allow us to remain committed to our strategic plan of product innovation, acquisitions, targeted penetration of developing markets, payment of dividends and our stock repurchase program.

We remain committed to a balanced capital allocation strategy that prioritizes a strong balance sheet and liquidity position while recognizing the importance of accretive growth and returning value to shareholders through dividends and stock repurchases, where appropriate. As such, we continue to actively evaluate acquisition opportunities that support our long-term strategic plan.

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

The following is a table of contractual obligations and commitments as of October 31, 2022 (in thousands):

In addition to the contractual obligations and commitments disclosed above, we also have a variety of other obligations for the procurement of materials and services, none of which subject us to any material non-cancelable commitments. While some of these obligations arise under long-term supply agreements, we are not committed under these agreements to accept or pay for requirements that are not needed to meet our production needs. We have no material minimum purchase commitments or “take-or-pay” type agreements or arrangements. Unrecognized tax benefits in the amount of approximately $0.1 million, excluding any interest and penalties, have been excluded from the table above because we are unable to determine a reasonably reliable estimate of the timing of future payment.

We expect capital spending in fiscal year 2023 to be approximately $3.7 million, which includes investments for software development, leasehold improvement, factory equipment, and production facilities, as well as general software and equipment for selling facilities. We expect to fund these commitments with cash on hand and cash generated from operations.

Off Balance Sheet Arrangements

From time to time, our subsidiaries guarantee third party payment obligations in connection with the sale of machines to customers that use financing. We follow Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) guidance for accounting for guarantees (codified in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 460). As of October 31, 2022, we had nine outstanding third party payment guarantees totaling approximately $0.7 million. The terms of these guarantees are consistent with the underlying customer financing terms. Upon shipment of a machine, the customer assumes the risk of ownership. The customer does not obtain title, however, until the customer has paid for the machine. A retention of title clause allows us to recover the machine if the customer defaults on the financing. We accrue liabilities under these guarantees at fair value, which amounts are insignificant.

Critical Accounting Estimates

Our discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations is based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with those accounting principles requires us to make judgments and estimates that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Our accounting policies are frequently evaluated as our judgment and estimates are based upon historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances.

Our judgments and estimates have a significant effect on the financial statements because they result primarily from the need to make estimates about the effects of matters that are inherently uncertain. Actual results could differ from those estimates and such differences could be material to our financial condition and results of operations. Critical accounting estimates are those that involve a significant level of estimation uncertainty and have had or are reasonably likely to have a material impact on our financial condition and results of operations.

While our significant accounting policies are more fully described in Note 1 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this report, we believe the following discussion addresses our most critical accounting estimates, which involve significant subjectivity and judgment, and changes to such estimates or assumptions could have a material impact on our financial condition or operating results. Therefore, we consider an understanding of the variability and judgment required in making these estimates and assumptions to be critical in fully understanding and evaluating our reported financial results.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets. Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles arising from a business combination are reviewed for impairment annually as of the last day of our third fiscal quarter, or more frequently, if circumstances arise indicating potential impairment. We have no goodwill as of October 31, 2022. Other indefinite-lived intangible assets primarily consist of trademarks and trade names and are not material to our consolidated financial statement. Finite-lived intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives and are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount may not be recovered through future net cash flows generated by the assets. We are not aware of any events or changes in circumstances that indicate the carrying value of its finite-lived assets may not be recoverable.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets – We are required periodically to review the recoverability of certain assets, including property, plant, and equipment, intangible assets, and goodwill, based on projections of anticipated future cash flows, including future profitability assessments of various product lines. We estimate cash flows using internal budgets based on recent sales data. We are not aware of any events or changes in circumstances that indicate the carrying value of our long-lived assets may not be recoverable.

Inventories and Related Reserves – We determine at each balance sheet date how much, if any, of our inventory may ultimately prove to be either unsalable or unsalable at its carrying cost. Reserves are established to effectively adjust the carrying value of such inventory to lower of cost (first-in, first-out method) or net realizable value. To determine the appropriate level of valuation reserves, we evaluate current stock levels in relation to historical and expected patterns of demand for all of our products. We evaluate the need for changes to valuation reserves based on market conditions, competitive offerings, and other factors on a regular basis. We have not experienced substantive write-offs due to obsolescence.

Income Taxes – We account for income taxes and the related accounts under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted income tax rates in each jurisdiction in effect for the year in which the temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. These deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance, which is established when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. We operate in multiple jurisdictions through wholly-owned subsidiaries, and our global structure is complex. The estimates of our uncertain tax positions involve judgments and assessment of the potential tax implications. We recognize uncertain tax positions when it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained upon examination by relevant taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The amount recognized is measured as the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50 percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Accordingly, the ultimate outcome with respect to taxes we may owe may differ from the amounts recognized. Our judgment regarding the realization of deferred tax assets may change due to future profitability and market conditions, change in U.S. or foreign tax laws, and other factors. These changes, if any, may require material adjustments to these deferred tax assets and an accompanying reduction or increase in net income in

Capitalized Software Development Costs – Costs incurred to develop computer software products and significant enhancements to software features of existing products are capitalized as required by FASB guidance relating to accounting for the costs of computer software to be sold, leased, or otherwise marketed, and such capitalized costs are amortized over the estimated product life of the related software. The determination as to when in the product development cycle technological feasibility has been established, and the expected product life, require judgments and estimates by management and can be affected by technological developments, innovations by competitors, and changes in market conditions affecting demand. We periodically review the carrying values of these assets and make judgments as to ultimate realization considering the above-mentioned risk factors.

Derivative Financial Instruments – Critical aspects of our accounting policy for derivative financial instruments that we designate as hedging instruments include conditions that require that critical terms of a hedging instrument are essentially the same as a hedged forecasted transaction. Another important element of our policy demands that formal documentation be maintained as required by FASB guidance relating to accounting for derivative instruments and hedging activities. Failure to comply with these conditions would result in a requirement to recognize changes in market value of hedge instruments in earnings. We routinely monitor significant estimates, assumptions, and judgments associated with derivative instruments and compliance with formal documentation requirements.

Stock Compensation – We account for share-based compensation according to FASB guidance relating to share-based payments, which requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expense for all share-based awards made to employees and directors based on estimated fair values on the grant date. This guidance requires that we estimate the fair value of share-based awards on the date of grant and recognize as expense the value of the portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest over the requisite service period.

Interest Rate Risk

Interest on borrowings under our bank credit agreements are tied to prevailing domestic and foreign interest rates. At October 31, 2022, we had no borrowings outstanding under any of our credit facilities.

Foreign Currency Exchange Risk

In fiscal year 2022, we derived approximately 62% of our revenues from customers located outside of the Americas, where we invoiced and received payments in several foreign currencies. All of our computerized machine tools and computer control systems, as well as certain proprietary service parts, are sourced by our U.S.-based engineering and manufacturing division and re-invoiced to our foreign sales and service subsidiaries, primarily in their functional currencies.

Our products are sourced from foreign suppliers or built to our specifications by either our wholly-owned subsidiaries in Taiwan, the U.S., Italy, and China or an affiliated contract manufacturer in Taiwan. Our purchases are predominantly in foreign currencies and in some cases our arrangements with these suppliers include foreign currency risk sharing agreements, which reduce (but do not eliminate) the effects of currency fluctuations on product costs. The predominant portion of the exchange rate risk associated with our product purchases relates to the New Taiwan Dollar and the Euro.

We enter into foreign currency forward exchange contracts from time to time to hedge the cash flow risk related to forecasted inter-company sales and purchases denominated in, or based on, foreign currencies (primarily the Euro, Pound Sterling, and New Taiwan Dollar). We also enter into foreign currency forward exchange contracts to protect against the effects of foreign currency fluctuations on inter-company receivables, payables, and loans denominated in foreign currencies. We do not speculate in the financial markets and, therefore, do not enter into these contracts for trading purposes.

Forward contracts for the sale or purchase of foreign currencies as of October 31, 2022, which are designated as cash flow hedges under FASB guidance related to accounting for derivative instruments and hedging activities, were as follows (in thousands, except weighted average forward rates):

*New Taiwan Dollars per U.S. Dollar

Forward contracts for the sale or purchase of foreign currencies as of October 31, 2022, which were entered into to protect against the effects of foreign currency fluctuations on inter-company receivables, payables, and loans and are not designated as hedges under this guidance denominated in foreign currencies, were as follows (in thousands, except weighted average forward rates):

* New Taiwan Dollars per U.S. Dollar

We are also exposed to foreign currency exchange risk related to our investment in net assets in foreign countries. To manage this risk, we entered into a forward contract with a notional amount of €3.0 million in November 2021. We designated this forward contract as a hedge of our net investment in Euro denominated assets. We selected the forward method under the FASB guidance related to the accounting for derivative instruments and hedging activities. The forward method requires all changes in the fair value of the contract to be reported as a cumulative translation adjustment, net of tax, in Accumulated other comprehensive loss in the same manner as the underlying hedged net assets. This forward contract matured in November 2022 and we entered into a new forward contract for the same notional amount that is set to mature in November 2023. As of October 31, 2022, we had $0.9 million of realized gain and $0.4 million of unrealized gain, net of tax, recorded as cumulative translation adjustments in Accumulated other comprehensive loss, related to these forward contracts.

Forward contracts designated as net investment hedges under this guidance as of October 31, 2022, were as follows (in thousands, except weighted average forward rates):

Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

To the Shareholders and

Board of Directors

of Hurco Companies, Inc.

Management of Hurco Companies, Inc. (the “Company”) has assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of October 31, 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (COSO). Management is responsible for the Company’s financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting.

Because of its inherent limitations, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

In management’s opinion, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of October 31, 2022, was effective based on the criteria specified above.

Our independent registered public accounting firm, RSM US LLP (“RSM”), which also audited our consolidated financial statements, audited the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of October 31, 2022. RSM has issued their attestation report, which is included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Indianapolis, Indiana

January 6, 2023

Under the supervision and with the participation of management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of October 31, 2022, pursuant to Rule 13a-15(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Based upon that evaluation, our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the evaluation date.

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the fourth quarter of the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

The attestation report of our independent registered public accounting firm on our internal control over financial reporting is included in this report under Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data. Our management’s annual report on internal control over financial reporting is included in this report immediately preceding Item 8.