Ryman Hospitality Properties, Inc.: Form 10-K for the period ended Dec 31, 2023

Overview

Ryman is the successor to Gaylord Entertainment Company (“Gaylord”), a Delaware corporation originally incorporated in 1956. As part of the plan to restructure our business operations to facilitate our qualification as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, Gaylord merged with and into its wholly-owned subsidiary, Ryman, on October 1, 2012, with Ryman as the surviving corporation, and Ryman succeeded to and began conducting, either directly or indirectly, all of the business conducted by Gaylord immediately prior to the merger. Ryman is a Delaware corporation that began operating as a self-advised and self-administered REIT for federal income tax purposes on January 1, 2013. We specialize in group-oriented, destination hotel assets in urban and resort markets. As a REIT, we generally will not be subject to federal corporate income taxes on that portion of our capital gain or ordinary income from our REIT operations that is distributed to our stockholders. This treatment substantially eliminates the federal “double taxation” on earnings from our REIT operations, or taxation once at the corporate level and again at the stockholder level, that generally results from investment in a regular C corporation. Our non-REIT operations, which consist of the activities of our TRSs that lease or sublease our hotels from our qualified REIT subsidiaries, as well as businesses within our Entertainment segment, continue to be subject, as applicable, to federal and state corporate income taxes.

Our owned assets include a network of five upscale, meetings-focused resorts totaling 9,917 rooms that are managed by Marriott under the Gaylord Hotels brand. These five resorts, which we refer to as our Gaylord Hotels properties, consist of the Gaylord Opryland Resort & Convention Center in Nashville, Tennessee (“Gaylord Opryland”), the Gaylord Palms Resort & Convention Center near Orlando, Florida (“Gaylord Palms”), the Gaylord Texan Resort & Convention Center near Dallas, Texas (“Gaylord Texan”), the Gaylord National Resort & Convention Center near Washington D.C. (“Gaylord National”), and the Gaylord Rockies Resort & Convention Center near Denver, Colorado (“Gaylord Rockies”), which was previously owned by a joint venture (the “Gaylord Rockies joint venture”), in which we owned a 65% interest. On May 7, 2021, we purchased the remaining 35% interest in the Gaylord Rockies joint venture. Our other owned hotel assets managed by Marriott include the Inn at Opryland, an overflow hotel adjacent to Gaylord Opryland, the AC Hotel at National Harbor, Washington D.C. (“AC Hotel”), an overflow hotel adjacent to Gaylord National, and effective June 30, 2023, the JW Marriott San Antonio Hill Country Resort & Spa (“JW Marriott Hill Country”).

We also own a controlling 70% equity interest in a business comprised of a number of entertainment and media assets, known as the Opry Entertainment Group (“OEG”), which we report as our Entertainment segment. These assets include the Grand Ole Opry, the legendary weekly showcase of country music’s finest performers for 98 years; the Ryman Auditorium, the storied live music venue and former home of the Grand Ole Opry located in downtown Nashville; WSM-AM, the Opry’s radio home; Ole Red, a brand of Blake Shelton-themed bar, music venue and event spaces; two Nashville-based assets – the Wildhorse Saloon and the General Jackson Showboat (“General Jackson”); and as of May 31, 2022, Block 21, a mixed-use entertainment, lodging, office, and retail complex located in Austin, Texas (“Block 21”). Prior to June 16, 2022, we owned 100% of OEG.

Our operations are organized into three principal business segments: (i) Hospitality, which includes our Gaylord Hotels properties, JW Marriott Hill Country (effective June 30, 2023), the Inn at Opryland and the AC Hotel; (ii) Entertainment, which includes the entertainment and media assets comprising OEG; and (iii) Corporate and Other, which includes corporate expenses. These three business segments — Hospitality, Entertainment, and Corporate and Other — represented approximately 85%, 15% and 0%, respectively, of our total revenues for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023.

Financial information by business segment and for each of our Gaylord Hotels properties as of December 31, 2023 and for each of the three years then ended appears in Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” and in “Note 13 – Financial Reporting by Business Segments” to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Our Long-Term Strategic Plan

Our goal is to be the nation’s premier hospitality REIT for group-oriented, destination hotel assets in urban and resort markets.

• Existing Hotel Property Design. Our Gaylord Hotels properties focus on the large group meetings and regional leisure transient markets in the United States and incorporate meeting and exhibition space, signature guest rooms, food and beverage offerings, fitness and spa facilities and other attractions within a large hotel property so attendees’ needs are met in one location. This strategy creates a better experience for both meeting planners and guests and has led to our current Gaylord Hotels properties claiming a place among the leading convention hotels in the country.
• Expansion of Hotel Asset Portfolio. Part of our long-term growth strategy includes acquisitions or developments of other hotels, particularly in the group meetings sector of the hospitality industry, either alone or through joint ventures or alliances with one or more third parties. We will consider attractive investment opportunities which meet our acquisition parameters, specifically, group-oriented large hotels and overflow hotels with existing or potential leisure appeal. We are generally interested in highly accessible upper-upscale or luxury assets with over 400 hotel rooms in urban and resort group destination markets. We also consider assets that possess significant meeting space or present a repositioning opportunity and/or would significantly benefit from capital investment in additional rooms or meeting space. We are consistently considering acquisitions that would expand the geographic diversity of our existing asset portfolio. To this end, we purchased JW Marriott Hill Country in June 2023.
• Continued Investment in Our Existing Properties. We continuously evaluate and invest in our current portfolio and consider enhancements or expansions as part of our long-term strategic plan. In 2021, we completed our $158 million expansion of Gaylord Palms, and we also completed our renovation of all of the guestrooms at Gaylord National. In 2022, we completed a re-concepting of the food and beverage options at Gaylord National and began a $98 million multi-year interior and exterior enhancement project at Gaylord Rockies to better position the property for our group customers.
• Leverage Brand Name Awareness. We believe the Grand Ole Opry is one of the most recognized entertainment brands in the United States. We promote the Grand Ole Opry name through various media, including our WSM-AM radio station, the Internet and television, and through performances by the Grand Ole Opry’s members, many of whom are renowned country music artists. As such, we have alliances in place with multiple distribution partners in an effort to foster brand extension. We believe that licensing our brand for products may provide an opportunity to increase revenues and cash flow with relatively little capital investment. We are continuously exploring additional products, such as television specials and retail products, through which we can capitalize on our brand affinity and awareness. To this end, we have invested in six Ole Red locations, purchased Block 21, and in April 2023 announced a collaboration with Luke Combs for an entertainment venue concept expected to be completed in 2024 (“Category 10”). Further, in 2022, we completed a strategic transaction to sell a minority interest in OEG to an affiliate of Atairos Group, Inc. (“Atairos”) and its strategic partner NBCUniversal, who we believe will be able to help us expand the distribution of our OEG brands.
• Short-Term Capital Allocation. Our short-term capital allocation strategy is focused on returning capital to stockholders through the payment of dividends, in addition to investing in our assets and operations. Our dividend policy provides that we will make minimum dividends of 100% of REIT taxable income annually, subject to our board of directors’ future determinations as to the amount of any distributions and the timing thereof.

Description of our Hotel Portfolio

Our Gaylord Hotels properties incorporate meeting, convention and exhibition space with a large hotel property so the attendees never have to leave the location during their meetings. This concept of a self-contained destination dedicated primarily to the meetings industry has placed our Gaylord Hotels properties among the leading convention hotels in the country. Our Gaylord Hotels properties are routinely recognized by many industry and commercial publications, including being named the 2023 STELLA Award Gold Winner for best hotel chain by Northstar Meetings Group.

Marriott is responsible for the day-to-day management of our Gaylord Hotels properties, the JW Marriott Hill Country, the Inn at Opryland, and the AC Hotel. We believe that our Gaylord Hotels properties have benefitted and will continue to benefit from Marriott’s expansive sales force and popular frequent traveler program, as well as its ability to manage group business.

Based on our information, publicly available information, and information and data obtained from Smith Travel Research, the top 10 non-gaming hotels within the United States with the highest square footage of self-contained exhibit and meeting space as of January 2024 are as follows:

(1) Bolded facilities are owned by the Company.

Gaylord Opryland Resort & Convention Center — Nashville, Tennessee. Gaylord Opryland is one of the leading convention destinations in the United States based upon number of rooms, exhibit space and conventions held. Designed with lavish gardens and expansive atrium areas, the resort is situated on approximately 172 acres in the Opryland complex. Gaylord Opryland has a number of themed restaurants, retail outlets, and a full-service spa with 27,000 square feet of dedicated space. It also serves as a destination resort for vacationers due to its proximity to the Grand Ole Opry, the Ryman Auditorium, the General Jackson Showboat, Gaylord Springs Golf Links (“Gaylord Springs”) – our 18-hole championship golf course with a 40,000 square-foot antebellum-style clubhouse offering meeting space for up to 500 guests – and other attractions in the Nashville area. Gaylord Opryland has 2,888 signature guest rooms, four ballrooms with approximately 127,000 square feet, 111 banquet/meeting rooms, and total meeting, exhibit and pre-function space of approximately 640,000 square feet. Gaylord Opryland was named a 2021 STELLA Award Gold Winner for best sustainability initiative by Northstar Meetings Group, a 2023 Award of Excellence Recipient from Corporate & Incentive Travel magazine, and has been recognized as a member of Meeting & Conventions’ Hall of Fame. We opened the indoor sections of SoundWaves, a $90 million luxury indoor/outdoor water amenity with over 200,000 square feet of water attractions and amenities adjacent to Gaylord Opryland in December 2018 and the outdoor sections in May 2019.

Gaylord Palms Resort & Convention Center — Kissimmee, Florida. Gaylord Palms has 1,718 signature guest rooms, five ballrooms with approximately 115,000 square feet, 111 banquet/meeting rooms, and total meeting, exhibit and pre-function space of approximately 467,000 square feet. The resort is situated on a 65-acre site in Osceola County, Florida, which we have leased pursuant to a 75-year ground lease with a 24-year renewal option. The resort is approximately a five-minute drive from the main gate of the Walt Disney World® Resort complex. Gaylord Palms has a number of themed restaurants, retail outlets, a new resort rapid river, and a full-service spa with 20,000 square feet of dedicated space. Hotel guests also have golf privileges at Celebration Golf Club, located approximately two miles from the property. Gaylord Palms is rated as a AAA Four-Diamond Hotel, was named a 2021 STELLA Award Silver Winner for each of best hotel resort event space, best food and beverage, and best sustainability initiative by Northstar Meetings Group, a 2020 Award of Excellence Recipient from Corporate & Incentive Travel magazine, and has been recognized as a member of Meeting & Conventions Hall of Fame. In 2021, we completed construction of a $158 million expansion of Gaylord Palms, which included an additional 302 guest rooms and 96,000 square feet of meeting space, an expanded resort pool and events lawn, and a new multi-level parking structure.

Gaylord Texan Resort & Convention Center — Grapevine, Texas. Gaylord Texan is situated on approximately 85 acres and is located approximately six minutes from the Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport. Of the 85 acres, we own 75 acres and lease approximately 10 acres pursuant to a ground lease. The hotel features a lavish and expansive atrium, 1,814 signature guest rooms, four ballrooms with approximately 115,000 square feet, 88 banquet/meeting rooms, and total meeting, exhibit and pre-function space of approximately 488,000 square feet. The property also includes a number of themed restaurants, retail outlets, a resort pool, a full-service spa with 25,000 square feet of dedicated space, and an entertainment complex consisting of an approximately 39,000 square foot venue with a performance stage, dance floor, and a two-story outdoor deck. Guests also have access to the adjacent Cowboys Golf Club. Gaylord Texan is rated as a AAA Four-Diamond Hotel and was named a 2021 STELLA Award Silver Winner for best convention center and a Bronze Winner for best décor/design by Northstar Meetings Group and a 2020 Award of Excellence Recipient from Corporate & Incentive Travel magazine.

Gaylord National Resort & Convention Center — National Harbor, Maryland. Gaylord National is situated on approximately 42 acres of land located on the Potomac River in Prince George’s County, Maryland, eight miles south of Washington, D.C. The hotel has 1,996 signature guest rooms, four ballrooms with approximately 103,000 square feet, 82 conference and breakout rooms, and total meeting, exhibit and pre-function space of approximately 501,000 square feet. The hotel complex includes an 18-story glass atrium, a 20,000 square foot spa and fitness center, a freestanding 24,000-square foot ballroom building offering 16,000 square feet of meeting space on the banks of the Potomac River that opened in May 2017, and entertainment options such as restaurants, shops, and a two-story rooftop nightclub. Gaylord National is rated as a AAA Four-Diamond Hotel, was named a 2021 STELLA Award Gold Winner for best food and beverage, a Silver Award Winner for best on-site support staff, and a Bronze Award Winner for best décor/design by Northstar Meetings Group, and a 2020 Award of Excellence Recipient from Corporate & Incentive Travel magazine. In 2021, we completed our renovation of all of the guestrooms at Gaylord National, and in 2022 we completed a re-concepting of the food and beverage options at Gaylord National.

Gaylord Rockies Resort & Convention Center — Aurora, Colorado. Gaylord Rockies is situated on approximately 85 acres and is located approximately 10 minutes from Denver International Airport. The hotel features a lavish and expansive atrium, 1,501 signature guest rooms, including 114 suites, four ballrooms with up to approximately 60,000 square feet, up to 81 breakout rooms, indoor meeting, exhibit and pre-function space of approximately 409,000 square feet, and additional outdoor meeting space of approximately 76,000 square feet. The property also includes a number of themed restaurants, retail outlets, a full-service spa, five outdoor event spaces and an indoor/outdoor pool complex. The approximately $800 million hotel project opened on a limited basis in December 2018 and on a fully completed basis in January 2019. Gaylord Rockies is rated as a AAA Four-Diamond Hotel and was awarded a 2021 STELLA Award Finalist for best convention center by Northstar Meetings Group. In 2022, we began a $98 million multi-year interior and exterior enhancement project at Gaylord Rockies to better position the property for our group customers. These enhancements are expected to be completed in 2024.

JW Marriott San Antonio Hill Country Resort & Spa — San Antonio, Texas. We purchased JW Marriott Hill Country June 30, 2023. The property is situated on approximately 600 acres in the Texan Hill Country region outside of San Antonio. The hotel features 1,002 guest rooms and indoor and outdoor meeting and event space of approximately 268,000 square feet. The property also includes eight food and beverage outlets, a full-service spa with 26,000 square feet of dedicated space, a nine-acre water experience, and TPC San Antonio, which features two 18-hole golf courses. JW Marriott Hill Country is rated as a AAA Four-Diamond Hotel.

Inn at Opryland. The Inn at Opryland is located across the street from Gaylord Opryland. The hotel has 303 rooms and approximately 14,000 square feet of meeting space.

AC Hotel. The AC Hotel is located near Gaylord National. The hotel has 192 rooms and approximately 3,700 square feet of meeting space.

Description of our Entertainment Portfolio

The Grand Ole Opry. The Grand Ole Opry, which celebrated its 98th anniversary in 2023, is one of the most widely known platforms for country music in the world. The Opry features a live country music show with performances every Friday and Saturday night, as well as additional weekly performances on a seasonal basis. The Grand Ole Opry House, home of the Grand Ole Opry, seats approximately 4,400 and is located in the Opryland complex. The Grand Ole Opry moved to the Opry House in 1974 from its most famous home in the Ryman Auditorium in downtown Nashville. Each week, the Grand Ole Opry is broadcast live to millions of country lifestyle consumers on radio via WSM-AM and Sirius/XM Radio and streamed on the Internet. The show has been broadcast since 1925 on WSM-AM, making it the longest running live radio program in the United States. In addition to performances by its members, the Grand Ole Opry presents performances by many other country music artists and other acts. In 2019, we completed construction of an approximately $20 million expansion to the Grand Ole Opry House, which includes a larger retail space, additional food and beverage options, a redesigned box office, VIP lounge area with a backstage tour theater, and additional parking.

Ryman Auditorium. The Ryman Auditorium, which was built in 1892 and seats approximately 2,300, is designated as a National Historic Landmark. The former home of the Grand Ole Opry, the Ryman Auditorium was renovated and re-opened in 1994 for concerts and musical productions. The Grand Ole Opry returns to the Ryman Auditorium periodically, most recently in January 2024. Ryman Auditorium has won numerous awards, including “Theatre of the Year” by Pollstar Concert Industry Awards, “Venue of the Year” by the Country Music Association, and “Venue of the Year – Small Capacity” by the Academy of Country Music, winning each on several occasions.

Block 21. On May 31, 2022, we purchased Block 21, a mixed-use entertainment, lodging, office, and retail complex located in Austin, Texas. Block 21 is the home of the Austin City Limits Live at the Moody Theater (“ACL Live”), a 2,750-seat entertainment venue that serves as the filming location for the Austin City Limits television series. The Block 21 complex also includes the 251-room W Austin, which Marriott manages, the 3TEN at ACL Live club and approximately 53,000 square feet of other Class A commercial space.

Ole Red. Since 2018, we have opened six Ole Red locations, multi-level entertainment venues with locations in downtown Nashville, Tennessee; Gatlinburg, Tennessee; Orlando, Florida; Tishomingo, Oklahoma; at the Nashville International Airport; and Las Vegas, Nevada (which opened in January 2024). Each of these restaurant, bar and live music venues showcase curated country music talent alongside concert-quality production and sound capabilities.

WSM-AM. WSM-AM commenced broadcasting in 1925. The involvement of Ryman’s predecessors with country music dates back to the creation of the radio program that became The Grand Ole Opry, which has been broadcast live on WSM-AM since 1925. WSM-AM is broadcast from the Gaylord Opryland complex in Nashville and has a country music format. WSM-AM is one of the nation’s “clear channel” stations, meaning that no other station in a 750-mile radius uses the same frequency for night time broadcasts. As a result, the station’s signal, transmitted by a 50,000-watt transmitter, can be heard at night in much of the United States and parts of Canada.

The General Jackson Showboat. We own the General Jackson Showboat, a 300-foot, four-deck paddle wheel showboat on the Cumberland River, which flows past the Gaylord Opryland complex in Nashville. Its Victorian Theatre can seat 600 people for banquets and 1,000 people for theater-style presentations. The showboat stages Broadway-style shows and other theatrical productions. The General Jackson is one of many sources of entertainment that is available to conventions held at Gaylord Opryland. During the day, it operates cruises, primarily serving tourists visiting the Gaylord Opryland complex and the Nashville area. Marriott manages the day-to-day operations of the General Jackson.

The Wildhorse Saloon. Since 1994, we have owned the Wildhorse Saloon, a country music performance venue on historic Second Avenue in downtown Nashville. The venue closed December 31, 2023, and we are currently renovating the facility to reposition it as a Luke Combs-themed entertainment concept expected to be completed in 2024 (“Category 10”).

Corporate and Other Segment

Our Corporate and Other segment includes operating and general and administrative expenses related to the overall management of the Company which are not allocated to the other reportable segments, including certain costs for our retirement plans, equity-based compensation plans, information technology, human resources, accounting, and other administrative expenses.

Corporate History and Structure

We were originally incorporated in 1956 and were reorganized in connection with a 1997 corporate restructuring. Prior to our REIT conversion, we operated as a C corporation. In 2012, we completed restructuring transactions intended to facilitate our qualification as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, which included the merger, effective on October 1, 2012, of our predecessor, Gaylord, with and into its wholly-owned subsidiary, Ryman, with Ryman surviving the merger, at which time Ryman succeeded to and began conducting, directly or indirectly, all of the business conducted by Gaylord immediately prior to the merger. Prior to Marriott’s assumption of the day-to-day management of our hotels and certain of our Nashville attractions, we managed such assets. We elected REIT status effective January 1, 2013.

All of our assets are held by, and all of our operations are conducted through, RHP Hotel Properties, LP, a Delaware limited partnership (the “Operating Partnership”), of which we own, directly or indirectly, 99.3% of the partnership interests (collectively, the “OP Units”), including all of the general partnership interests. The Operating Partnership’s limited partnership agreement provides that the OP Units held by other persons may be exchanged on a one-for-one basis for shares of our common stock. Under certain circumstances, we may issue such OP Units as consideration to acquire hotel properties. By offering OP Units, the seller of such hotel property could defer federal income tax on any of the seller’s gains on sale, and this tax advantage may enable us to acquire hotel properties in the future which otherwise may not be available for sale.

As a REIT, at least 75% of our gross income for each taxable year must generally be derived from “rents from real property” or other income permitted by the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). To meet this requirement, our hotel properties are owned or leased by certain subsidiaries of the Operating Partnership, which are disregarded entities for federal income tax purposes, and these subsidiaries lease or sublease our hotels to our TRS pursuant to leases that contain economic terms which are similar to leases between unrelated parties. The rent that we receive from our TRS lessees qualifies as “rents from real property” as long as the property is operated on behalf of our TRS lessees by a person who qualifies as an “independent contractor” (as defined in the Code) and who is, or is related to a person who is, actively engaged in the trade or business of operating “qualified lodging facilities” (as defined in the Code) for any person unrelated to us and our TRS lessees (an “eligible independent contractor”). Our TRS lessees have engaged Marriott to manage the day-to-day operations of our hotels as an eligible independent contractor.

In addition, we own our Entertainment businesses in TRSs, and certain of those TRSs have engaged Marriott to manage their assets, as described above.

Tax Status

As a REIT, we generally are not subject to corporate federal income tax on that portion of our REIT taxable income that we distribute to our stockholders. In addition to the requirement that 75% of our gross income for each taxable year be derived from “rents from real property” discussed above, we are subject to other organizational and operational requirements including the requirement that we distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income each year and the requirement that no more than 50% in value of our outstanding shares may be owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer individuals (as defined in the Code to include various kinds of entities). We will be subject to federal and state income tax on our taxable income at regular corporate rates to the extent we distribute less than 100% of our REIT taxable income in any taxable year or if we fail to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes in any taxable year. In that latter event, we will also not be permitted to qualify for treatment as a REIT for federal income tax purposes until the fifth year following any year in which qualification is lost. Our non-REIT operations, which consist of the activities of our TRSs that lease or sublease our hotels from the Operating Partnership, as well as businesses within our Entertainment segment, will continue to be subject, as applicable, to federal and state corporate income taxes.

Human Capital

We create unique destination and entertainment experiences for our customers. To serve our customers, we have built a strong, people-centric corporate culture that celebrates diversity, provides opportunities for growth and improves our local communities. Providing competitive compensation and benefits to our employees is fundamental to the success of our organization. We believe that caring for the people who work in our businesses and communities leads to a more positive experience for our guests and gives us a competitive advantage in the industries in which we operate.

Our goal is to employ a highly engaged, high-performing and satisfied workforce.

Our Workforce

As of December 31, 2023, we employed 1,471 people, including 824 full-time and 647 part-time and on-call employees in our Entertainment and Corporate segments. Fifty-four percent of our population identify as female and 46% identify as male. Women held 50% of leadership positions as of December 31, 2023. We do not have any employees in our direct employment represented by collective bargaining agreements.

Our Hotels and Managed Attractions

Our hotel operator, Marriott, is responsible for hiring and managing the workforce at our Gaylord Hotels properties, as well as JW Marriott Hill Country, the Inn at Opryland, the AC Hotel, Gaylord Springs, the General Jackson and the W Austin. We receive periodic updates from Marriott concerning Marriott’s policies, and we believe they reflect our people-first approach.

Philosophy and Culture

Our people-first philosophy centers around creating a workplace culture where all employees feel respected, valued and inspired. We prioritize communication to ensure our employees feel connected to our company’s goals and engaged in the communities we serve. Our commitment to an inclusive work environment is a top priority. Additionally, our benefits philosophy includes resources to help employees live happier, healthier lives, while rewarding performance and encouraging retention. In the last three years, despite rising healthcare costs, we have kept employee healthcare premium increases at or below 5%. Our people-first culture and our benefits offerings contribute to our ability to remain an employer of choice in each of our markets.

Programs in place to reinforce our people-centric culture include, among others:

• Diversity & Inclusion: We are committed to building an inclusive workforce through enhanced recruitment initiatives to attract, employ and develop diverse candidates from all backgrounds. We continue to focus on engaging our existing workforce through policies and programs promoting workplace inclusion, and we have also implemented a new online learning program that promotes the importance of this work within our organization. Our Diversity Council consists of cross-organizational representatives who help advise the company on its commitment to inclusion. We have created additional opportunities for employees to be involved in this important work, including the implementation of an employee Volunteer Paid Time Off Policy where full-time employees can receive up to 8 hours of paid time off to volunteer outside the organization in our local communities. Further, employees can also participate in our Business Employee Resource Groups that allow people with shared interests, backgrounds, passions and cultures to find a sense of belonging through community within our Company.
• Pay Equity: We conduct regular compensation studies with third-party consultants to make our positions competitive for the markets in which we operate and to address such issues as compensation level parity between male and female or minority and non-minority employees.
• Succession Planning and Performance Management: Our employees receive annual performance reviews. Certain full-time, exempt and non-exempt employees set annual goals and are evaluated on these goals and core

competencies. We also conduct periodic talent review processes with all departments to identify high-potential individuals and create individualized development plans. Our Performance Management tool allows employees to comment on their progress toward their goals and also allows leaders to track this progress and provide coaching and mentoring in response to their individual needs.

• Training and Development: We conduct robust onboarding, training and development for all levels of employees focused on our guiding principles (Passion, Respect, Winning Attitude, Integrity, Service, Teamwork, Pride, Creativity and Fun). Through Ryman Hospitality University, we have a physical training space and an online learning portal open to all employees. Courses offered include mandatory annual workplace harassment and safety training for all levels, leadership development programs for various levels of leaders, and numerous professional skills and personal development courses for all employees. Our Spotlight leadership development program provides opportunities for managers to continue developing their skills as they grow their careers with us. We offer our Perspectives series, which is an opportunity for employees to network with and learn from our leaders about their unique perspectives and expertise.
• Employee Engagement: The Company provides regular opportunities for employee engagement, including update meetings where full-time employees can hear directly from senior leadership about business performance and vision for the future. The meetings also celebrate employees demonstrating our workplace values. Weekly and monthly newsletter communications reinforce our people-centric culture, while regular communications from senior leaders ensure all employees have first-hand access to company updates between meetings. Two-way communication is encouraged through employee satisfaction surveys, senior leader-led Think Tanks and focus groups designed to solicit candid feedback from employees. We have also invested in a mobile app that allows our venue employees easier access to quick updates and the ability to interact with one another in a centralized location. In addition to our current peer-to-peer recognition program that is celebrated quarterly, we offer employee appreciation which includes the Chairman’s Award and Leadership Excellence Award. Both awards recognize exemplary performance throughout different levels of the organization. Finalists for both awards are selected by our Chairman and are recognized at an annual reception.
• Total Wellbeing/Total Rewards: We offer a competitive and comprehensive pay and benefits package that meets the various needs of our employees. We continually review our programs to ensure they are cost-effective and continue to offer our employees high-quality benefit options that support their physical, emotional and financial health and promote a healthy work-life balance. Offerings include health plan and retirement options for part- and full-time employees, a competitive 401(k) plan with employer match, and employee assistance programs offering counseling services and financial literacy. We also offer tuition reimbursement for full-time employees, on-site wellness events, flu shot clinics and wellness fairs and complimentary tickets for our venue offerings. Additionally, part- and full-time employees are also eligible for annual performance-based financial bonuses. In 2023, we implemented a paid parental leave policy that allows eligible full-time employees who welcome a child four weeks of leave at full pay. We have also expanded our benefits to include adoption assistance and family planning assistance for eligible employees.

Environmental, Social and Governance (“ESG”)

We have made ESG a priority throughout our organization and the communities in which we operate. As our portfolio evolves over time, sustainability will continue to increase in significance as we adapt and develop existing assets. We seek to execute any future changes to our portfolio, including with respect to new development, major renovation and ongoing operations, in a socially and environmentally responsible manner. Our asset management team works directly with Marriott for the Marriott-managed properties to develop a short-term and long-term ESG strategy. We have made firm commitments to strengthening the local communities in which we operate. The RHP Foundation was established in 2005 to formalize our charitable commitments and to help elevate our impact.

In September 2023, we published our Sustainability Report, which highlights the environmental and social performance of the Company and includes ongoing initiatives and historical performance in alignment with the Global Reporting Initiative Index and the Sustainability Accounting Standards Board Real Estate Infrastructure Segment Standard. This report is available on our website at https://ir.rymanhp.com/social-responsibility/sustainability-reports. The information included in, referenced to, or otherwise accessible through our website, is not incorporated by reference in, or considered to be part of, this Report on Form 10-K or any document unless expressly incorporated by reference therein.

Competition

Hospitality

Our current hotel properties compete with numerous other hotels throughout the United States and abroad, particularly the approximately 100 convention hotels that, on average, have over 1,000 rooms and a significant amount of meeting and exhibit space. We believe that competition among convention hotels is based on, among other things: (i) the hotel’s reputation, (ii) the quality of the hotel’s facility, (iii) the quality and scope of a hotel’s meeting and convention facilities and services, (iv) the desirability of a hotel’s location, (v) travel distance to a hotel for meeting attendees, (vi) a hotel facility’s accessibility to a recognized airport, (vii) the amount of entertainment and recreational options available in and in the vicinity of the hotel, (viii) service levels at the hotel, and (ix) price. Our hotels also compete against large municipal convention centers, including those in Orlando, Chicago, Atlanta, Dallas, Nashville, Washington, D.C., Denver and San Antonio. We believe that our hotels’ expansive spaces and quality meeting and convention facilities and services provide a competitive advantage over other hotels and convention centers.

The hotel business is management and marketing intensive. Our current hotel properties compete with other hotels throughout the United States for high quality management and marketing personnel. We believe that Marriott’s international brand, marketing scale and ability to manage group business have improved our hotels’ competitive position. However, there can be no assurance that Marriott will be able to continue to attract and retain employees with the requisite managerial and marketing skills.

Additionally, as a REIT, we compete for investment opportunities in the hospitality industry, particularly the group-oriented meetings sector of the hospitality industry, with entities that may have substantially greater financial and other resources than we have. These entities generally may be able to accept more risk than we can prudently manage. Our focus on acquiring hotels in the large group meetings sector of the hospitality industry and the competition in this sector may generally limit the number of hotel properties that we are able to acquire. This competition may also increase the bargaining power of property owners seeking to sell to us, making it more difficult for us to acquire new properties on attractive terms.

Entertainment

OEG and its entertainment and media assets compete with all other forms of entertainment and recreational activities. The success of the Entertainment group is dependent upon certain factors beyond our control, including economic conditions, the amount of available leisure time, transportation cost, public taste and weather conditions. Our radio station competes with numerous other types of entertainment businesses and advertising media, and success is often dependent on taste and fashion, which may fluctuate from time to time.

Management Agreements

Gaylord Hotels. We are a party to a management agreement with Marriott for each of our Gaylord Hotels properties, as well as a pooling agreement with Marriott with respect to our Gaylord Hotels properties other than Gaylord Rockies, on an aggregate basis. Each of the management agreements other than Gaylord Rockies has a term expiring in 2047, with three automatic 10-year renewal periods (provided the applicable hotel has met certain performance thresholds). Each of these management agreements requires us to pay Marriott a base management fee of approximately 2% of gross revenues from the applicable property for each fiscal year or portion thereof. Additionally, the pooling agreement requires us to pay to Marriott an incentive fee of 10% of the first $15.0 million of pooled available cash flow (which is generally operating profit for the pooled hotels less an owner’s priority) plus 20% of any additional pooled available cash flow over such threshold. The owner’s priority is collectively $240 million, plus certain additional amounts, including 10% of certain non-routine capital expenditures and conversion work, and 10% of replacements of furniture, fixtures, and equipment and routine capital expenditures in excess of a reserve. If one or more of our Gaylord Hotels properties other than Gaylord Rockies were not a “pooled hotel” (i.e., if we cease to own the hotel or we lease the hotel to a third party), the thresholds used to calculate the incentive fee in the pooling agreement will be adjusted, and the incentive fee for the non-pooled hotel will be based on such hotel’s performance. The management agreements and pooling agreement also contain certain restrictions on our incurring indebtedness that encumber our Gaylord Hotels properties other than Gaylord Rockies on an individual or aggregate basis. The management agreements may be terminated earlier than the stated term if certain events occur, including the failure of Marriott to satisfy certain performance standards. The management agreements prohibit us from selling the Gaylord Hotels properties other than Gaylord Rockies to certain persons, including any person who does not, in Marriott’s reasonable judgment, have sufficient financial resources and liquidity to fulfill our obligations under the management agreements, or any person who owns a controlling interest in a hotel brand (e.g., Hilton or Hyatt) totaling at least ten full-service hotels that are not affiliated with a brand but that are marketed and operated as a collective group, if such brand or group of hotels compete with Marriott. In addition, we may not sell a Gaylord Hotels property other than Gaylord Rockies if we are then in breach of the applicable management agreement.

Gaylord Rockies. Marriott manages the day-to-day operations of Gaylord Rockies pursuant to a management agreement that requires us to pay Marriott a base management fee of approximately 3% of gross revenues of Gaylord Rockies for each fiscal year or portion thereof. This management agreement expires in 2053, with two automatic 20-year renewal periods (provided the hotel has met certain performance thresholds). Additionally, this management agreement requires us to pay Marriott an incentive fee of 20% of available cash flow (as defined in the management agreement). The owner’s priority is $81.4 million, plus certain additional amounts, including 10.75% of certain non-routine capital expenditures.

JW Marriott Hill Country. Marriott manages the day-to-day operations of JW Marriott Hill Country pursuant to a management agreement that requires us to pay Marriott a base management fee of approximately 3.5% of gross revenues for each fiscal year or portion thereof. This management agreement expires in 2060, with three automatic 10-year renewal periods (provided the hotel has met certain performance thresholds). Additionally, this management agreement requires us to pay Marriott an incentive fee of 20% of available cash flow (as defined in the management agreement). The owner’s priority is $52.9 million, plus certain additional amounts, including 10.5% of certain non-routine capital expenditures.

Inn at Opryland. Marriott manages the day-to-day operations of the Inn at Opryland pursuant to a management agreement that requires us to pay Marriott a base management fee of approximately 2% of gross revenues for each fiscal year or portion thereof. This management agreement expires in 2034, with five five-year renewal options, so long as neither party terminates the agreement. Additionally, this management agreement requires us to pay to Marriott an incentive fee of 20% of the excess of available cash flow (as defined in the management agreement) over a certain threshold.

AC Hotel. Marriott manages the day-to-day operations of the AC Hotel pursuant to a management agreement that requires us to pay Marriott a base management fee of 7% of gross revenues. This management agreement expires in 2040, with two ten-year renewal options so long as neither party terminates the agreement. Additionally, this management agreement requires us to pay to Marriott an incentive fee of 20% of the excess of available cash flow (as defined in the management agreement) over a certain threshold.

Certain Nashville Attractions. Marriott manages the General Jackson and Gaylord Springs pursuant to management agreements. Each of these management agreements requires us to pay Marriott a base management fee of approximately 2% of total revenues. Additionally, the management agreements require us to pay to Marriott an incentive fee of 20% of the excess of available cash flow (as defined in the management agreements) over a certain threshold. The original term of the management agreement for the General Jackson concluded during 2023 but the management agreement includes indefinite one-year renewal options so long as neither party terminates the agreement. The management agreement for Gaylord Springs expires in 2025.

W Austin. Marriott manages the day-to-day operations of the W Austin pursuant to a management agreement that requires us to pay Marriott a base management fee of 3.5% of gross revenues for the first year post-sale, 3.75% of gross revenues for the second year post-sale, and 4.0% of gross revenues thereafter. This management agreement expires in 2030, with two five-year renewal options so long as neither party terminates the agreement. Additionally, this management agreement requires us to pay to Marriott an incentive fee of 15% of incentive income (as defined in the management agreement) over a certain threshold.

Total Marriott base management fees incurred for our applicable assets during 2023, 2022 and 2021 were $42.8 million, $35.1 million and $17.6 million, respectively. Total incentive fees incurred during 2023, 2022 and 2021 were $28.5 million, $13.5 million, and $0.3 million, respectively. Management fees are presented in the accompanying financial information net of the amortization of the deferred management rights proceeds discussed further in “Note 5 – Deferred Management Rights Proceeds” to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Seasonality

Portions of our business are seasonal in nature. The group convention business at our Gaylord Hotels properties is subject to reduced levels of demand during the year-end holiday periods.

Regulation and Legislation

Hospitality

Our current hotel properties are subject to certain federal, state, and local governmental laws and regulations including, without limitation, capacity restrictions, labor regulations, health and safety laws and environmental regulations applicable to hotel and restaurant operations. Additionally, various federal and state laws, payment card industry security standards, and other information privacy and security standards are applicable to our hotel business. The hotels are also subject to the requirements of the Americans with Disabilities Act and similar state laws, as well as regulations pursuant thereto. We believe that our hotel properties and our attractions are in substantial compliance with such regulations. In addition, the sale of alcoholic beverages by a hotel requires a license and is subject to regulation by the applicable state and local authorities. The agencies involved have the power to limit, condition, suspend or revoke any such license, and any disciplinary action or revocation could have an adverse effect upon the results of operations of our Hospitality segment. Pursuant to management agreements with Marriott, we do not control many of these activities at our hotel properties, and we rely on Marriott to comply with all such federal, state and local governmental laws and regulations with respect to such properties. However, under the terms of our management agreements with Marriott, we may be required to bear the cost of any capital expenditures necessary to comply with a legal requirement.

Entertainment

WSM-AM is subject to regulation under the Communications Act of 1934, as amended. Under the Communications Act, the Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”), among other things, assigns frequency bands for broadcasting; determines the frequencies, location, and signal strength of stations; issues, renews, revokes, and modifies station licenses; regulates equipment used by stations; and adopts and implements regulations and policies that directly or indirectly affect the ownership, operation, and other practices of broadcasting stations. Licenses issued for radio stations have terms of eight years. Radio broadcast licenses are renewable upon application to the FCC and in the past have been renewed except in rare cases. Competing applications will not be accepted at the time of license renewal, and will not be entertained at all unless the FCC first concludes that renewal of the license would not serve the public interest. A station will be entitled to renewal in the absence of serious violations of the Communications Act or FCC regulations or other violations which constitute a pattern of abuse. WSM-AM’s current radio station license will expire in August 2028; however, we are not aware of any reason why WSM-AM’s radio station license should not be renewed.

Our entertainment attractions are also subject to the requirements of the Americans with Disabilities Act and similar state laws, as well as the laws and regulatory activities and standards associated with information privacy and security and the sale of alcoholic beverages, in each case as described above. Pursuant to management agreements with Marriott, we do not control many of these activities with respect to the W Austin and the General Jackson, and we rely on Marriott to comply with all such federal, state and local governmental laws and regulations with respect to such businesses. However, under the terms of our management agreements with Marriott, we may be required to bear the cost of any capital expenditures necessary to comply with a legal requirement.

Additional Information

Our web site address is www.rymanhp.com (http://www.rymanhp.com). We make available free of charge through our web site our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, definitive proxy statements, and all amendments to those reports as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). The information provided on our web site is not part of this report, and is therefore not incorporated by reference unless such information is otherwise specifically referenced elsewhere in this report. The public may also read and copy any materials that we file with the SEC on its website at www.sec.gov (http://www.sec.gov).

Information About Our Executive Officers

The following table sets forth certain information regarding the executive officers of the Company at January 1, 2024. All officers serve at the discretion of the Board of Directors (subject to, in the case of officers who have entered into employment agreements with the Company, the terms of such employment agreements).

The following is additional information with respect to the above-named executive officers.

Colin V. Reed has served as Executive Chairman of the Board of Directors since January 1, 2023 and as a director of the Company since April 2001. Mr. Reed previously served as the Company’s Chief Executive Officer from April 2001 through December 2022, and was first elected Chairman of the Board of Directors in May 2005. Until November 2008, and again from November 2012 to March 2015, Mr. Reed also served as President of the Company. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Reed had served as a member of the three-executive Office of the President of Harrah’s Entertainment, Inc. (now Caesar’s Entertainment) since May 1999, and he had served as Harrah’s Chief Financial Officer since April 1997. Mr. Reed also was a director of Harrah’s from 1998 to May 2001. Mr. Reed served in a variety of other management positions with Harrah’s and its predecessor, Holiday Corp., since 1977. Mr. Reed is a director of First Horizon National Corporation.

Mark Fioravanti is President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company. Mr. Fioravanti has served as President since March 2015, was appointed Chief Executive Officer as of January 1, 2023, and has served as a director of the Company since February 2022. Mr. Fioravanti previously served as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company from August 2011 to March 2015 and as Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer from June 2009 to August 2011. Until June 2009, Mr. Fioravanti served as Senior Vice President of Finance and Treasurer of the Company, a position he had held since June 2007. Prior to such time, Mr. Fioravanti had served as Executive Vice President of the Company and President of ResortQuest International since March 2004. From August 2002 to March 2004, Mr. Fioravanti was the Company’s Senior Vice President of Marketing. Prior to joining the Company in August 2002, Mr. Fioravanti spent nine years in a variety of roles with casino operator Harrah’s Entertainment, Inc., where he was most recently Vice President of Finance and Administration of Harrah’s New Orleans. Mr. Fioravanti graduated from The Ohio State University, where he earned his B.S. degree. He also holds an MBA from the University of Tennessee.

Patrick Chaffin is Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer – Hotels of the Company, a position he has held since May 2019. In this role, Mr. Chaffin leads our asset management function, state and local government relations, product enhancement and site selection for our hotel portfolio’s growth. From April 2018 to May 2019, he was Executive Vice President of Asset Management for the Company. From January 2013 to March 2018, he was the Senior Vice President of Asset Management. From January 2007 to December 2012, he led the strategic planning, operations analysis and investor relations functions for Gaylord Entertainment. Prior to its sale in June 2007, Mr. Chaffin served as the head of finance for ResortQuest International, formerly a division of Gaylord Entertainment. Prior to joining Gaylord

Entertainment in January 2005, Mr. Chaffin worked for General Motors Corporation for 9 years serving in a variety of corporate and manufacturing positions. Mr. Chaffin earned a B.S. degree from Lipscomb University and an MBA from the Owen Graduate School of Management at Vanderbilt University.

Scott J. Lynn is Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary of the Company, a position he has held since May 2018. From January 2013 to April 2018, he was the Company’s Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary. From August 2003 to January 2013, he served as the Company’s Associate General Counsel. From May 2002 to August 2003, Mr. Lynn was Senior Counsel at Progeny Marketing Innovations, a subsidiary of Cendant Corporation. From August 1998 to May 2002, Mr. Lynn was an associate at the law firm of Stokes & Bartholomew, P.A. Mr. Lynn is a graduate of the Vanderbilt University School of Law and Tennessee Technological University.

Jennifer Hutcheson is Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Accounting Officer. Ms. Hutcheson has served as the Company’s Chief Financial Officer since March 2022. Prior to such time, she served as Executive Vice President, Corporate Controller and Chief Accounting Officer of the Company, a position she held since March 2020. From May 2018 to February 2020, she was Senior Vice President, Corporate Controller and Chief Accounting Officer. From January 2013 to April 2018, she was the Senior Vice President and Corporate Controller of the Company. From March 2006 to December 2012, she served as the Company’s Vice President of Accounting and Tax. From May 2004 to March 2006, she served as the Company’s Director of Corporate Accounting. From August 2002 to April 2004, she was the Corporate Accounting Manager at Private Business Inc. Prior to that time, she was an auditor with Ernst & Young LLP and Arthur Andersen. Ms. Hutcheson, who is a certified public accountant, has a B.S. degree in accounting from Tennessee Technological University and an MBA from the Owen Graduate School of Management at Vanderbilt University.

You should carefully consider the following specific risk factors as well as the other information contained or incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K as these are important factors, among others, that could cause our actual results to differ from our expected or historical results. It is not possible to predict or identify all such factors. Consequently, you should not consider any such list to be a complete statement of all our potential risks or uncertainties. Some statements in the “Business” section and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are “forward-looking statements” and are qualified by the cautionary language regarding such statements. See “Forward-Looking Statements” above.

Risks Relating to Our Business

If Marriott or any future third-party hotel manager does not manage our hotel properties or other businesses successfully, our financial condition, results of operations and our ability to service debt and make distributions to our stockholders may be negatively impacted.

Due to federal income tax laws that restrict REITs from operating and managing hotels, we do not operate or manage the day-to-day functions of any of our hotel properties as a REIT. We lease or sublease our hotel properties to our TRSs, and such TRS lessees have engaged Marriott as a third-party hotel manager pursuant to hotel management agreements. Marriott manages the day-to-day operations of our Gaylord Hotels properties and JW Marriott Hill Country, as well as the Inn at Opryland, the AC Hotel, Gaylord Springs, the W Austin and the General Jackson. We will identify third-party hotel managers to operate and manage any hotels that we acquire in the future. Our third-party hotel managers are responsible for the day-to-day management of our hotel properties, including, but not limited to, implementing significant operating decisions, setting rates for rooms and meeting space, controlling revenue and expenditures, collecting accounts receivable, and recruiting, employing and supervising employees at our hotel properties. We do not have the authority to require our third-party hotel managers to operate our hotel properties in a particular manner, although we have consent and approval rights for certain matters under our hotel management agreements with Marriott, subject to the limitations described therein. As a result, our financial condition, results of operations and our ability to service debt and make distributions to our stockholders are largely dependent on the ability of our third-party hotel managers to operate our hotel properties successfully. Any failure by our third-party hotel managers to provide quality services and amenities or to maintain and protect a quality brand name and reputation could have a negative impact on their ability to operate and manage our hotel properties successfully and could negatively impact our financial condition, results of operations and our ability to service debt and make distributions to our stockholders.

We cannot assure you that our third-party hotel managers will operate and manage our hotel properties in a manner that is consistent with their obligations under the hotel management agreements, that our third-party hotel managers will not be negligent in their performance or engage in other criminal or fraudulent activity, or that they will not otherwise default on their management obligations to us.

Even if we believe our hotel properties are being operated inefficiently or in a manner that does not result in satisfactory operational metrics, we will have limited ability to require our third-party hotel managers to change their method of operation of our hotel properties. We generally will attempt to resolve issues with third-party hotel managers through discussions and negotiations. However, if we are unable to reach satisfactory results through discussions and negotiations, we may choose to litigate the dispute or submit the matter to third-party dispute resolution or arbitration. We would be able to seek redress only if a third-party hotel manager violates the terms of the applicable hotel management agreement, and then only to the extent of the remedies provided for under the terms of the hotel management agreement. Additionally, in the event we need to replace any of our third-party hotel managers, we may experience significant business disruptions at the affected hotel properties, and may be liable, under certain circumstances, for significant damages and/or be required to make certain payments to our third-party managers.

The operation and management of our current hotel properties, the operation of which generates substantially all our Hospitality segment revenue, is concentrated in Marriott.

Our current hotel properties, the operation of which generates substantially all our Hospitality segment revenue, are operated and managed by Marriott. As a result, our operational risk is concentrated in one third-party hotel manager, which makes us more vulnerable economically to any weakness of Marriott than if we entered into hotel management agreements with several third-party hotel managers. We cannot assure you that Marriott will satisfy its obligations to us or successfully operate and manage our current hotel properties. Any adverse developments in Marriott’s business and affairs, financial strength or ability to operate and manage our current hotel properties successfully could materially reduce our revenues and net income, which could in turn reduce the amount of distributions to our stockholders. If market recognition or the positive perception of Marriott is reduced or compromised, the goodwill associated with the Gaylord Hotels and JW Marriott hotel in our portfolio may be adversely affected, which could materially reduce our revenues and net income, which could in turn reduce the amount of distributions to our stockholders. Additionally, we rely on the resources of and financial information provided by Marriott to report the financial results of our hotel properties. A failure by Marriott to accurately report the financial results of our hotel properties could materially affect our understanding of the hotel properties’ performance as well as our ability to accurately report on the hotel properties’ performance. Further, Marriott owns the Gaylord Hotels and JW Marriott brands and trademarks, and a failure on their part to maintain quality standards, including at any future projects that we do not own an interest in, could harm the brands and damage our business.

Revenue growth, cost synergies and containment strategies for our hotel operations are largely dependent on the efforts of Marriott. Historically, Marriott’s efforts to leverage its rewards program, customer channels and brands, as well as its management of demand for rooms, meeting space and banquets, resulted in revenue growth and Marriott’s efforts to reduce hotel-level costs yielded cost savings. There can be no assurance that such improvements in revenue or cost savings achieved by Marriott will continue in future periods.

Restrictive covenants and other provisions in our hotel management agreements with third-party hotel managers could limit our ability to sell or lease our hotel properties or refinance our existing debt.

Our hotel management agreements with Marriott contain, and we anticipate that hotel management agreements with our future third-party hotel managers will contain, restrictive covenants that limit our flexibility to sell or lease our hotel properties. For example, we may not sell or lease our current hotel properties to a competitor of Marriott (as defined in our management agreements with Marriott), and any purchaser or lessee must have, in Marriott’s judgment, sufficient financial resources and liquidity to fulfill our obligations under the hotel management agreements. Such restrictions on our ability to sell or lease our hotel properties could negatively affect the marketability of our hotel properties and restrict our ability to refinance our existing debt secured by our hotel properties.

Marriott and any future third-party hotel manager may own or operate hotels that compete with our hotel properties.

Our third-party hotel managers may own or operate hotels that compete with our current hotel properties and any hotel properties that we acquire, which may result in a conflict of interest. For example, Marriott and its affiliates own, have invested in, operate, and have provided credit support or operating guarantees to hotels that compete or will compete with our current hotel properties, including the Marriott Orlando World Center, which competes with Gaylord Palms, and the Washington Marriott Marquis, which competes with Gaylord National. As a result, our third-party hotel managers may make decisions regarding competing hotel properties that are not or would not be in our best interest. In addition, such third-party hotel managers’ operation of other hotels may divert attention away from the operation and management of our hotel properties.

Our concentration in the hospitality industry, and in particular the group-oriented meetings sector of the hospitality industry, exposes us to certain risks outside of our and Marriott’s control.

Our primary business is hotel-related, and our current hotel properties, the operation of which generates substantially all our Hospitality segment revenue, are concentrated in the group-oriented meetings sector of the hospitality industry. Therefore, a downturn in the lodging industry, in general, and the group-oriented meetings sector, in particular, would have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, the market price of our common stock and our ability to service debt and make distributions to our stockholders. Additionally, our group room rates may be contracted several years in advance, and we are subject to increases in operating costs over time that may not be offset by these group room rates, which may result in reduced margins and lower financial results.

The group-oriented meetings sector has suffered, and may in the future suffer, as a result of COVID-19, and while we believe meeting planners would, in the case of widespread or severe outbreaks of COVID-19, rebook large group meetings to future periods, there can be no assurance as to the timing and pace of any recovery.

The ability of Marriott to successfully operate and manage our current hotel properties and convention business is subject to factors beyond our and their control, which could reduce the revenue and operating income of these properties. These factors include:

• the desirability and perceived attractiveness of the Nashville, Tennessee; Orlando, Florida; Dallas, Texas; San Antonio, Texas; Washington D.C. and Denver, Colorado areas as tourist and convention destinations;
• adverse changes in the national economy, its effects on us and our customers and in the levels of tourism and convention business that affect our current hotel properties;
• Marriott’s ability to attract group convention business;
• Marriott’s ability to contract for and collect attrition and cancellation fees from groups that do not fulfill minimum stay or spending requirements;
• the opening of other new hotels could impact the group convention business at our current hotel properties;
• the highly competitive nature of the hotel, tourism and convention business in which our hotel properties operate, including the fact that we compete for convention business with publicly-financed civic convention centers;
• the susceptibility of group convention business to reduced levels of demand during the year-end holiday periods, which Marriott may not be able to offset by attracting sufficient general tourism guests;
• the level of governmental group business, which has decreased at times in the past due to uncertainty surrounding the U.S. government budget;
• the financial condition of the airline and other transportation-related industries and the resulting impact on travel; and
• increases in our operating costs due to labor costs associated with labor shortages, wage increases, any increases in the federal minimum wage rate, workers’ compensation, healthcare-related costs, and organized labor activities, the last of which, in addition to increasing labor costs, could cause a diversion of business from our hotels involved in labor negotiations and loss of group business.

These factors could reduce the revenues and net operating profits of our TRS lessees, which in turn could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, the market price of our common stock and our ability to service debt and make distributions to our stockholders.

The geographic concentration of our current hotel properties subjects us to a greater degree of risk to certain factors.

Due to the geographic concentration of our current hotel properties, we are subject to a greater degree of risk to factors including:

• local economic and competitive conditions;
• natural and other disasters;
• a decline in air passenger travel due to higher ticket costs or fears concerning air travel;
• a decline in the attractiveness of the areas in which our hotels are located as a convention and tourism destination; and
• a decrease in convention and meeting business at any of our properties.

Any of these could negatively affect our financial condition, results of operations and our ability to service debt and make distributions to our stockholders.

Inflation may adversely affect our financial condition and results from operations.

Inflation, which has risen to levels not experienced in recent decades, has caused, and could continue to cause, broad price increases. A prolonged inflationary environment, and any fiscal, monetary or other policy interventions by the U.S. government or the Federal Reserve in reaction to such an environment, including increases in federal interest rates, could adversely affect our operating costs, customer spending and bookings, and ability to access the debt markets on favorable terms. If the cost to operate and maintain our hotels and other properties increases faster or at a rate greater than our ability to pass on costs by increasing amounts charged to guests and customers, our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows could be materially and adversely affected.

The hotel business is capital-intensive, and our inability to obtain financing or successfully complete acquisitions or capital improvements, or the disruption associated with them, could limit our growth or impact our performance.

Acquisitions of hotels will require significant capital expenditures, and hotels that we acquire may need renovations and capital improvements at the time of acquisition. All of our hotel properties will require periodic capital expenditures and renovation to remain competitive. We may also undertake hotel expansions or new features at our existing hotel properties that involve significant capital expenditures, such as our Gaylord Palms expansion. If any hotels that we acquire are subject to franchise agreements, the franchisors of these hotels may also require periodic capital improvements as a condition to our maintaining the franchise licenses. We may not be able to fund capital improvements or acquisitions solely from cash provided from our operating activities because we must distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income (determined before the deduction for dividends paid and net of capital gains) each year to maintain our qualification as a REIT for federal income tax purposes. As a result, our ability to fund acquisitions or capital expenditures through any retained earnings or operating cash flow will be limited. Consequently, we will rely upon the availability of debt or equity capital to fund hotel acquisitions and improvements. Our ability to grow through acquisitions will be limited if we cannot obtain satisfactory debt or equity financing, which will depend on market conditions. We cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain additional equity or debt financing or that we will be able to obtain such financing on favorable terms.

In addition, capital improvements may give rise to the following risks:

• possible environmental problems;
• construction cost overruns and delays, including those associated with the availability of material and labor;
• the possibility that revenues will be reduced while rooms, restaurants or other facilities are out of service due to capital improvement projects;
• a possible shortage of available cash to fund capital improvements and the related possibility that financing for these capital improvements may not be available to us on attractive terms; and
• uncertainties as to market demand or a loss of market demand after capital improvements have begun.

The costs of renovations and capital improvements could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, the market price of our common stock and our ability to service debt and make distributions to our stockholders.

Our TRS lessee structure subjects us to the risk of increased hotel operating expenses and the inability of our TRS lessees to make lease payments to us.

Our leases with our TRS lessees require our TRS lessees to make lease payments to us based in part on gross revenues from our hotel properties. Our operating risks include decreases in revenues at our hotel properties and increases in operating expenses at our hotel properties. Decreases in revenues or increases in operating expenses could adversely affect our TRS lessees’ ability to make lease payments due under the leases, including, but not limited to, increases in wage and benefit costs, repair and maintenance expenses, property taxes, insurance costs, and other operating expenses. Increases in those operating expenses can have a significant adverse impact on our financial condition, results of operations, the market price of our common stock, and our ability to service debt and make distributions to our stockholders.

In addition, our TRS lessees’ ability to make lease payments will be affected by factors beyond their control, such as changes in general economic conditions, the level of demand for hotels and the related services of our hotel properties, competition in the lodging and hospitality industry, the third-party managers’ ability to maintain and increase gross revenue at our hotel properties and other factors relating to the operations of our hotel properties.

We and our third-party hotel manager rely on information technology in our operations, and any material failure, inadequacy, interruption, or security failure could harm our business.

We and our third-party hotel manager rely on information technology systems, including networks and the Internet, to process, transmit, and store electronic information, and to manage or support a variety of business processes, including financial transactions and records, personal identifying information, reservations, billing and operating data. Our businesses require collection of large volumes of internal and customer data, including credit card numbers and other personally identifiable information of our customers in various information systems and those of our service providers. The integrity and protection of customer, employee, and company data is critical to us. If that data is inaccurate or incomplete, we or the hotel managers could make faulty decisions. Customers and employees also have a high expectation that we and our third-party service providers and processors will adequately protect their personal information. Despite implementation of various measures designed to protect our information systems and records, including those we maintain with our service providers, we, the hotel managers and/or our third-party service providers may be subject to security breaches, system failures, viruses, operator error, employee misuse, and unauthorized or inadvertent releases of data. A significant theft, loss, or fraudulent use of customer, employee, or company data maintained by us or by a service provider or failure to comply with the various U.S. and international laws and regulations applicable to the protection of such data, including the CCPA, or with Payment Card Industry (PCI) data security standards, could divert our attention, adversely impact our reputation, result in remedial and other fines or litigation, cause us to incur substantial liabilities or costs, or result in a loss of valuable data or of consumer confidence. A breach in the security of our information systems or those of our service providers, or the unauthorized use of such data by us or our third-party providers, could lead to an interruption in the operation of our systems, resulting in operational inefficiencies and a loss of profits.

Changes in privacy and data security laws could increase our operating costs and increase our exposure to fines and litigation.

We are subject to numerous, complex, and frequently changing laws, regulations, and contractual obligations designed to protect personal information. Various U.S. federal and state laws, payment card industry security standards, and other information privacy and security standards are all applicable to us. Various states, including California, Colorado, Connecticut, Utah and Virginia have passed laws pertaining to the processing of personal data, which require, among other things, that businesses provide new disclosures and options to consumers about data collection, use and sharing policies. Significant legislative, judicial or regulatory changes have been and could be issued in the future. These legal requirements are rapidly changing and are not consistent across jurisdictions. Violations of these new laws may subject us to civil monetary penalties, and the California Consumer Privacy Act, as amended by the California Privacy Rights Act, provides for a private cause of action for data breaches. Compliance with changes in applicable data security and privacy laws and regulations and contractual obligations has increased, and may in the future increase, our operating costs and may restrict our business operations, increase our exposure to fines and litigation in the event of alleged noncompliance, and adversely affect our reputation. Moreover, many jurisdictions are considering and adopting regulations governing the use of artificial intelligence and machine learning applications and tools (including in relation to hiring and employment practices). Compliance with these regulations may be difficult or costly to implement and result in a burden on our operations that use artificial intelligence or machine learning applications and tools.

Cybersecurity incidents, including the failure to protect the integrity or availability of IT systems or the security of confidential information, or the introduction of malware or ransomware, could harm our business.

While we have implemented security measures to safeguard our systems and data, our measures or the measures of our service providers or hotel manager may not be sufficient to maintain the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of the data collected, stored, and used to manage our businesses. Efforts to hack or circumvent security measures, efforts to gain unauthorized access to data, failure of systems or software to operate as designed or intended, viruses, “ransomware” or other malware, “supply chain” attacks, “phishing” or other types of business email compromises, operator error, or inadvertent releases of data may materially impact our information systems and records of those of our owners, licensees, or service providers. Our reliance on computer, Internet-based, and mobile systems and communications, and the frequency and sophistication of efforts by third parties to gain unauthorized access to such systems, have greatly increased in recent years. Like most large multinational corporations, our hotel manager and its service providers have experienced cyber attacks, and attempts to disrupt access to their systems and data or those of properties our hotel manager manages and the frequency and sophistication of such efforts could continue to increase. The rapid evolution and increased adoption of artificial intelligence technologies, by us and our third-party service providers, may also heighten our cybersecurity risks by making cyber attacks more difficult to detect, contain and mitigate. We and our third-party service providers, including our third-party hotel manager, have increasingly relied on cloud-based services and on remote access to information systems in recent years, which has increased our exposure to potential cybersecurity incidents. Any theft, loss, loss of access to, or fraudulent use of guest, associate, owner, licensee, or company data could adversely impact our reputation and could result in remedial and other expenses, fines, or litigation. Depending on the nature and scope of the event, compromises in the security of our information systems or those of our owners, licensees, or service providers or other disruptions in data services could lead to an interruption in the operation of our systems or our hotel manager’s systems, resulting in operational inefficiencies and a loss of profits, and negative publicity, resulting in tangible adverse effects on our business, including consumer boycotts, cancellations, lost sales or litigation, all of which could affect our market share, reputation, business, financial condition, or results of operations. These events may also cause us to incur substantial costs, including but not limited to, costs associated with remediation for or recovery of stolen assets or information, including ransom costs paid to cyber attackers, costs for sending legally required notifications to customers or other affected individuals, and increased cyber protection costs to guard against opportunities for re-occurrence of a breach. Although we or our manager carry cyber/privacy liability insurance that is designed to protect us against certain losses related to cyber risks, that insurance coverage may not be sufficient to cover all losses or all types of claims that may arise in connection with cyber attacks, security compromises, and other related incidents. Furthermore, in the future such insurance may not be available on commercially reasonable terms, or at all.

Our real estate assets are subject to numerous risks.

Because we own hotels and attractions properties, we are subject to the risks that generally relate to investments in real property. The investment returns available from equity investments in real estate depend in large part on the amount of income earned and capital appreciation generated by the related properties, as well as the expenses incurred. In addition, a variety of other factors affect income from properties and real estate values, including governmental regulations, insurance, zoning, tax and eminent domain laws, interest rate levels and the availability of financing. For example, new or existing real estate zoning or tax laws can make it more expensive and/or time-consuming to develop real property or expand, modify or renovate properties. When interest rates increase, the cost of acquiring, developing, expanding or renovating real property increases, particularly as the cost of borrowing increases, and real property values may decrease as the number of potential buyers decreases. Similarly, as financing becomes less available, it becomes more difficult both to acquire and to sell real property. Finally, governments can, under eminent domain laws, take real property. Sometimes this taking is for less compensation than the owner believes the property is worth. Any of these factors could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations or financial condition. In addition, equity real estate investments, such as the investments we hold and any additional properties that we may acquire, are relatively difficult to sell quickly. If our properties do not generate revenue sufficient to meet operating expenses, including debt service and capital expenditures, our income will be reduced.

Our properties are subject to environmental regulations that could impose significant financial liability on us.

Environmental laws, ordinances and regulations of various federal, state, local and foreign governments regulate certain of our properties and could make us liable for the costs of removing or cleaning up hazardous or toxic substances on, under or in the properties we currently own or operate or those we previously owned or operated. Those laws could impose liability without regard to whether we knew of, or were responsible for, the presence of hazardous or toxic substances. The presence of hazardous or toxic substances, or the failure to properly clean up such substances when present, could jeopardize our ability to develop, use, sell or rent the real property or to borrow using the real property as collateral. If we arrange for the disposal or treatment of hazardous or toxic wastes, we could be liable for the costs of removing or cleaning up wastes at the disposal or treatment facility, even if we never owned or operated that facility. Other laws, ordinances and regulations could require us to manage, abate or remove lead- or asbestos-containing materials. Similarly, the operation and closure of storage tanks are often regulated by federal, state, local and foreign laws. Finally, certain laws, ordinances and regulations, particularly those governing the management or preservation of wetlands, coastal zones and threatened or endangered species, could limit our ability to develop, use, sell or rent our real property. Existing governmental laws and regulations may be revised or new laws and regulations relating to climate change, air quality or other environmental and health concerns may be adopted or become applicable to us, which could affect the operations of our hotels and/or result in significant additional expense and operating restrictions. The costs to clean up a contaminated property, to defend a claim, or to comply with environmental laws could be material and could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, the market price of our common stock and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders. Additionally, because we rely on third-party managers to operate our hotel properties and certain attractions, we have limited control over ensuring compliance at those locations with applicable environmental laws or regulations or approving certain remediation action taken by the manager to resolve such issues.

Compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act could require us to incur substantial costs.

Under the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, as amended (the “ADA”), all public accommodations must meet various federal requirements related to access and use by disabled persons. Compliance with the ADA’s requirements could require removal of access barriers, and non-compliance could result in the U.S. government imposing fines or in private litigants winning damages. Although we believe that our hotel properties substantially comply with present requirements of the ADA, we may be subject to audits or investigations of all of our hotels to determine our compliance, and one or more hotels may not be fully compliant with the ADA. Noncompliance with the ADA could result in the incurrence of additional costs to attain compliance. The obligation to make readily achievable accommodations is an ongoing one, and we will continue to assess our hotel properties and to make alterations as appropriate in this respect. If we are required to make substantial modifications to our hotel properties, whether to comply with the ADA or other changes in governmental rules and regulations, our financial condition, results of operations, the market price of our common stock and amount of cash available for debt service or distributions to our stockholders could be adversely affected. Additionally, because we rely on third-party managers to operate our hotel properties and certain attractions, we have limited control over ensuring compliance at those locations with applicable ADA requirements or approving certain remediation action taken by the manager to resolve such issues.

As an owner of hotel properties and operator of leisure businesses, we are subject to risks relating to acts of God, outbreaks of pandemic disease, terrorist activity and war.

Our operating income and ability to make distributions to our stockholders may be reduced by acts of God, outbreaks of pandemic disease (including COVID-19), or acts of terrorism in locations where we own and/or operate significant properties and areas of the world from which we draw a large number of customers. Gaylord Opryland, which is located adjacent to the Cumberland River and is protected by levees built to sustain a 100-year flood, suffered flood damage on May 3, 2010 as the river rose to levels that over-topped the levees. The per occurrence flood insurance limit for our Gaylord Opryland hotel is now $350 million. We have also completed enhancements to the levees that protect the hotel to increase the height of the levees. While we believe these steps are reasonable given the likelihood of flood damage at Gaylord Opryland, there can be no assurances that flooding will not occur at Gaylord Opryland in the future. Some types of losses, such as from flood, earthquake, tornado, terrorism and environmental hazards, may be either uninsurable, subject to sublimit, or too expensive to justify insuring against. Should an uninsured loss or a loss in excess of insured limits occur, we could lose all or a portion of the capital we have invested in a hotel, as well as the anticipated future revenue from the hotel. In that event, we might nevertheless remain obligated for any mortgage debt or other financial obligations related to the property. Similarly, outbreaks of pandemic disease (including COVID-19), wars or armed conflicts (including the potential for war or armed conflicts), terrorist activity (including threats of terrorist activity), political unrest and other forms of civil strife as well as geopolitical uncertainty, may cause our future results to differ materially from anticipated results.

We are subject to risks associated with our hotel managers’ employment of hotel personnel, particularly with hotels whose managers employ unionized labor, which could increase our hotels’ operating costs, reduce the flexibility of our third-party hotel managers to adjust the size of the workforce at our hotel properties and impair our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.

Our third-party hotel managers are responsible for hiring and maintaining the labor force at each of our hotel properties. Although we do not employ or manage employees at our hotel properties, we are subject to many of the costs and risks generally associated with the hotel labor force, including at those of our hotels with unionized labor. From time to time, hotel operations may be disrupted as a result of strikes, lockouts, public demonstrations or other negative actions and publicity. We also may incur increased legal costs and indirect labor costs as a result of contract disputes or other events. The resolution of labor disputes or re-negotiated labor contracts could lead to increased labor costs, either by increases in wages or benefits or by changes in work rules that raise hotel operating costs. Furthermore, labor agreements may limit the ability of our third-party hotel managers to reduce the size of hotel workforces during an economic downturn because collective bargaining agreements are negotiated between the third-party hotel managers and labor unions. We do not have the ability to control the outcome of these negotiations.

Our operating costs could increase if we and our hotel managers cannot attract and retain talented personnel or as the result of the loss of the services of our senior executives.

We and our third-party hotel managers compete with other companies both within and outside of the hospitality and entertainment industries for personnel. We and our hotel managers have experienced challenges hiring qualified personnel due to various factors, such as increasing wage expectations and competition for labor from other industries, including and continuing after the COVID-19 pandemic and in the current inflationary environment, and these circumstances could continue or worsen in the future to an extent and for durations that we are not able to predict. If we and our hotel managers cannot recruit, train, develop and retain sufficient numbers of associates, we could experience significant negative impacts to our operations, including low employee morale, high employee turnover and low guest satisfaction. Insufficient numbers of personnel could also limit our ability to grow and expand our businesses. Labor shortages have resulted in and could continue to result in higher wages and initial hiring costs, increasing our labor costs and those of our third-party hotel managers, which could reduce our profits and ultimately impair our ability to make distributions to our stockholders. In addition, the efforts and ability of our senior executives are important elements of maintaining our competitive position and driving future growth, and the loss of the services of one or more of our senior executives could result in challenges executing our business strategies or other adverse effects on our business.

Any failure to protect the trademarks and intellectual property used in our business could reduce the value of our brand names and harm our business.

Third-party infringement of the Gaylord Hotels or JW Marriott marks owned by Marriott or the marks we own and use in our entertainment business, or the failure to enforce rights to the marks, could be damaging to our business.

The reputation and perception of the brands we use is critical to our success. If trademarks or intellectual property are misappropriated or used without authorization, the value of those brands, their reputation, our competitive advantages and our goodwill could be harmed. We regularly apply to register our trademarks in the United States. However, we cannot be certain that those trademark registrations will be granted or that the steps we take to protect our trademarks or intellectual property in the United States will be adequate to prevent others, including third parties or former employees, from copying or using our trademarks or intellectual property without authorization. Our intellectual property is also vulnerable to unauthorized use in some countries outside the United States, where local laws may not adequately protect it. Marriott owns and maintains the marks used in the Gaylord Hotels and JW Marriott operations and may use the brands at properties that we do not own.

Monitoring the unauthorized use of our intellectual property is difficult. As we have in the past, we may need to resort to litigation to enforce our intellectual property rights. Litigation of this type could be costly, force us to divert our resources, lead to counterclaims or other claims against us, or otherwise harm our business. Any failure to maintain and protect trademarks and other intellectual property used in our business could reduce the value of our brands and harm our business.

Illiquidity of real estate investments could significantly impede our ability to respond to adverse changes in the performance of our hotel properties and harm our financial condition.

Because real estate investments are relatively illiquid, our ability to promptly sell one or more of our hotel properties in response to changing economic, financial and investment conditions may be limited. The real estate market is affected by many factors that are beyond our control, including:

• adverse changes in international, national, regional and local economic and market conditions;
• changes in interest rates and in the availability, cost and terms of debt financing;
• changes in governmental laws and regulations, fiscal policies and zoning ordinances and the related costs of compliance with laws and regulations, fiscal policies and ordinances;
• the ongoing need for capital improvements, particularly in older structures;
• changes in operating expenses; and
• civil unrest, acts of God, including earthquakes, tornadoes, floods and other natural disasters, which may result in uninsured losses, and acts of war or terrorism, including the consequences of the terrorist acts.

We may decide in the future to sell one or more of our hotel properties. We cannot predict whether we will be able to sell any hotel property for the price or on the terms set by us, or whether any price or other terms offered by a prospective purchaser would be acceptable to us. We also cannot predict the length of time needed to find a willing purchaser and to close the sale of a hotel property. Further, as a REIT, we are subject to a 100% excise tax on net income derived from prohibited transactions, including the sale of property (other than foreclosure property) held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course. There can be no assurances that the IRS will not contend that the sale of a hotel is subject to this 100% excise tax.

We may be required to expend funds to correct defects or to make improvements before a hotel property can be sold. We cannot assure you that we will have funds available to correct those defects or to make those improvements. In acquiring a hotel, we may agree to lock-out provisions that materially restrict us from selling that hotel for a period of time or impose other restrictions, such as a limitation on the amount of debt that can be placed or repaid on that hotel. These factors and any others that would impede our ability to respond to adverse changes in the performance of our hotel properties could have a material adverse effect on our operating results and financial condition, as well as the amount of cash available for distributions to our stockholders.

Our operating results and ability to service debt and make distributions to our stockholders may be adversely affected by various operating risks common to the lodging industry.

Our hotel properties have different economic characteristics than many other real estate assets, and a hotel REIT is structured differently than many other types of REITs. A typical office property owner, for example, has long-term leases with third-party tenants, which provide a relatively stable long-term stream of revenue. Our TRS lessees, on the other hand, do not enter into a lease with a third-party hotel manager. Instead, our TRS lessees engage our third-party managers pursuant to hotel management agreements and pay the third-party hotel managers fees for managing our hotel properties. The TRS lessees receive all the operating profit or losses at our hotel properties, net of fees and reimbursements. Moreover, virtually all hotel guests stay at a hotel for only a few nights at a time, so the rate and occupancy at each of our hotel properties may change every day. As a result, we may have highly volatile earnings.

In addition, our hotel properties are subject to various operating risks common to the lodging industry, many of which are beyond our or a manager’s control, including the following:

• competition from other hotel properties and publicly-financed civic convention centers in our markets;
• over-building of hotels in our markets, which could adversely affect occupancy and revenues at our hotel properties;
• dependence on business and commercial travelers and tourism;
• increases in energy costs and other expenses affecting travel, which may affect travel patterns and reduce the number of business and commercial travelers and tourists;
• increases in operating costs, including, but not limited to, wages and food and beverage costs, due to inflation and other factors that may not be offset by increased room rates;
• changes in interest rates and in the availability, cost and terms of debt financing;
• changes in governmental laws and regulations, fiscal policies and zoning ordinances and the related costs of compliance with laws and regulations, fiscal policies and ordinances;
• adverse effects of international, national, regional and local economic and market conditions;
• the impact of the use of Internet travel intermediaries by consumers;
• unforeseen events beyond our control, such as terrorist attacks, travel-related health concerns including pandemics and epidemics (including a widespread outbreak or worsening of new or existing COVID-19 variants in the United States), political instability, regional hostilities, imposition of taxes or surcharges by regulatory authorities, travel-related accidents and unusual weather patterns, including natural disasters, such as hurricanes, earthquakes and tornadoes;
• adverse effects of a downturn in the lodging industry; and
• risks generally associated with the ownership of hotels and real estate.

Our group room rates may be contracted several years in advance, and we are subject to increases in operating costs over time that may not be offset by these group room rates, which may result in reduced margins. Further, our disclosed future hotel bookings may not be fulfilled. These factors could reduce the net operating profits of our TRS lessees, which in turn could adversely affect the amount and frequency of distributions we make to our stockholders and our ability to service our debt.

Our financial and operating results may suffer if we are unsuccessful in integrating JW Marriott Hill Country with our existing assets, and integrating JW Marriott Hill Country may be more difficult, costly or time consuming than expected.

If we are unable to successfully integrate JW Marriott Hill Country with our other assets in an efficient and effective manner, the anticipated benefits of the JW Marriott Hill Country transaction may not be realized fully, or at all, or may take longer to realize than expected and may not meet estimated growth projections or expectations. Further, we may not achieve the projected efficiencies and synergies once we have fully integrated JW Marriott Hill Country into our operations, which may lead to additional costs not anticipated at the time of the JW Marriott Hill Country transaction. An inability to realize the full extent of the anticipated benefits of the JW Marriott Hill Country transaction or any delays encountered in the integration process could have an adverse effect on our results from operations, cash flows and financial position.

The integration of JW Marriott Hill Country with our other assets will require the dedication of significant management resources, which may distract management’s attention from day-to-day business operations. San Antonio, Texas is a new market for us, and our relative unfamiliarity with the market may result in our having to devote additional time and expense to gain familiarity with the market and effectively manage this asset. Many of these factors will be outside of our control and any one of them could result in delays, increased costs, decreases in revenue and diversion of management’s time and energy from ongoing business concerns, which could materially affect our financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

We conduct the operations of our Entertainment segment through OEG and our ownership is subject to the terms of agreements with A-OEG Holdings, LLC, an affiliate of Atairos. Any disagreement with Atairos or its affiliate may adversely affect our interest in OEG.

The limited liability company agreement for OEG gives A-OEG Holdings, LLC, an affiliate of Atairos (the “OEG Investor”), certain rights, including consent rights regarding certain major decisions, which may limit our flexibility with respect to OEG. The OEG Investor may have economic or other business interests or goals which are inconsistent with ours, and we could become engaged in a dispute or disagreement with them that might affect our ability to develop or operate the Entertainment business in any manner in which we see fit, thereby adversely affecting our ownership interest in OEG.

Risks Relating to Our Status as a REIT

If we fail to remain qualified as a REIT, we would be subject to tax at corporate income tax rates and would not be able to deduct distributions to stockholders when computing our taxable income.

If, in any taxable year, we fail to qualify for taxation as a REIT, and are not entitled to relief under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”):

• we would not be allowed a deduction for distributions to stockholders in computing our taxable income; and
• we would be subject to federal and state income tax on our taxable income at regular corporate rates.

Any such corporate tax liability could be substantial and would reduce the amount of cash available for other purposes. This adverse impact could last for five or more years. Unless we are entitled to relief under certain statutory provisions, we would be taxable as a C corporation beginning in the year in which the failure occurs, and we would not be allowed to re-elect to be taxed as a REIT for the following four years.

If we fail to qualify for taxation as a REIT, we may need to borrow additional funds or liquidate certain assets to pay any additional tax liability. Accordingly, funds available for investment or distribution to stockholders would be reduced.

REIT qualification involves the application of highly technical and complex provisions of the Code to our operations, as well as various factual determinations concerning matters and circumstances not entirely within our control. There are limited judicial or administrative interpretations of these provisions. Although we plan to operate in a manner consistent with the REIT qualification rules, we cannot assure you that we will so qualify or remain so qualified.

As a REIT, failure to make required distributions to our stockholders would subject us to federal and state corporate income tax.

Prior to 2012, we had not paid a cash distribution on our common stock since 1999. Beginning in 2013 we declared, and we intend to continue to declare when appropriate, cash dividends, the amount of which will be determined, and will be subject to adjustment, by our board of directors. Our board of directors has approved an dividend policy pursuant to which we will make minimum dividends of 100% of REIT taxable income annually, subject to the board of directors’ future determinations as to the amount of any distributions and the timing thereof. Our dividend policy may be altered at any time by our board of directors, and certain provisions of our debt agreements may prohibit us from paying dividends in accordance with any policy we may adopt. To qualify as a REIT, we are generally required to distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income (determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and excluding net capital gains) each year to our stockholders. If our cash available for distribution falls short of our estimates, we may be unable to maintain the proposed quarterly distributions that approximate our taxable income and may fail to qualify for taxation as a REIT. In addition, our cash flows from operations may be insufficient to fund required distributions as a result of differences in timing between the actual receipt of income and the recognition of income for federal and state income tax purposes, or the effect of nondeductible expenditures.

To the extent that we satisfy the 90% distribution requirement but distribute less than 100% of our REIT taxable income, we will be subject to federal and state corporate income tax on our undistributed taxable income. In addition, we will be subject to a 4% nondeductible excise tax if the actual amount that we pay out to our stockholders for a calendar year is less than a minimum amount specified under the Code.

Even though we are conducting our business as a REIT, certain of our business activities will be subject to corporate level income tax, which will continue to reduce our cash flows, and we will have potential deferred and contingent tax liabilities.

Even though we are conducting our business as a REIT, we may be subject to certain federal, state, and local taxes on our income and assets, taxes on any undistributed income, and state or local income, franchise, property and transfer taxes. In addition, we could in certain circumstances be required to pay an excise or penalty tax, which could be significant in amount, to utilize one or more relief provisions under the Code to maintain qualification for taxation as a REIT.

Our business related to the non-real estate assets of our Hospitality segment and the assets of our Entertainment segment is conducted through wholly-owned TRSs because these activities could generate non-qualifying REIT income as historically structured and operated. Those TRS assets and operations continue to be subject, as applicable, to federal and state corporate income taxes in the jurisdictions in which those assets and operations are located. Any of these taxes would decrease our earnings and our available cash. In addition, net operating losses in any of our TRSs generally will not provide any tax benefit, except for use against current or future taxable income in the TRSs.

Complying with REIT requirements may limit our ability to hedge effectively and increase the costs of our hedging and may cause us to incur tax liabilities.

The REIT provisions of the Code limit our ability to hedge liabilities. Generally, income from hedging transactions that we enter into to manage risk of interest rate changes with respect to borrowings made or to be made to acquire or carry real estate assets and income from certain currency hedging transactions related to any non-U.S. operations do not constitute “gross income” for purposes of the REIT gross income tests. To the extent that we enter into other types of hedging transactions, the income from those transactions is likely to be treated as non-qualifying income for purposes of the REIT gross income tests. As a result of these rules, we may need to limit our use of advantageous hedging techniques or implement those hedges through a TRS. This could increase the cost of our hedging activities because our TRSs would be subject to tax on income or gains resulting from hedges entered into by them or expose us to greater risks associated with changes in interest rates than we would otherwise want to bear.

Legislative or other actions affecting REITs could have a negative effect on us or our stockholders.

At any time, the federal income tax laws governing REITs or the administrative interpretations of those laws may be amended. Federal and state tax laws are constantly under review by persons involved in the legislative process, the IRS, the United States Department of the Treasury and state taxing authorities. Changes to the tax laws, regulations and administrative interpretations, which may have retroactive application, could adversely affect us. We cannot predict with certainty whether, when, in what forms, or with what effective dates, the tax laws, regulations and administrative interpretations applicable to us may be changed. Accordingly, we cannot assure you that any such change will not significantly affect our ability to qualify for taxation as a REIT or the federal income tax consequences to us of such qualification.

Even as a REIT, changes in federal, state, or local tax law, interpretations of existing tax law or agreements with tax authorities could affect our profitability and financial condition by increasing our tax costs.

We are subject to taxation at the federal, state and local levels in the United States. Our future tax rates could be affected by changes in the composition of earnings in jurisdictions with differing tax rates, changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities, or changes in determinations regarding the jurisdictions in which we are subject to tax. From time to time, the U.S. federal, state and local governments make substantive changes to tax rules and the application thereof, which could result in materially higher corporate taxes than would be incurred under existing tax law or interpretations and could adversely impact profitability. State and local tax authorities have increased their efforts to increase revenues through changes in tax law and audits. Such changes and proposals, if enacted, could increase our future effective income tax rates, as well as other taxes, including property taxes.

The ability of our board of directors to revoke our REIT qualification, without stockholder approval, may cause adverse consequences to our stockholders.

Our Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation (“Charter”) provides that the board of directors may revoke or otherwise terminate the REIT election, without the approval of our stockholders, if it determines that it is no longer in our best interest to continue to qualify as a REIT. If we cease to be a REIT, we will not be allowed a tax deduction with respect to distributions to our stockholders in computing our taxable income, and we will be subject to federal and state income tax at regular corporate rates and state and local taxes, which may have adverse consequences on our stock price, distributions, and total return to our stockholders.

We may be required to borrow funds, sell assets, or issue equity to satisfy our REIT distribution requirements or maintain the asset ownership tests.

To meet the REIT distribution requirements and maintain our qualification and taxation as a REIT, we may need to borrow funds, sell assets or issue equity, even if the then-prevailing market conditions are not favorable for these borrowings, sales or offerings. Any insufficiency of our cash flows to cover our REIT distribution requirements could adversely impact our ability to raise short- and long-term debt, to sell assets, or to offer equity securities to fund distributions required to maintain our qualification and taxation as a REIT. Furthermore, the REIT distribution requirements may increase the financing we need to fund capital expenditures, future growth and expansion initiatives. This would increase our total leverage. In addition, we may distribute taxable dividends that are payable in cash and common stock at the election of each stockholder, subject to certain limitations, including that the cash portion be at least 20% of the total distribution. If we make such a taxable dividend payable in cash and common stock, taxable stockholders receiving such dividends generally will be required to include the full amount of the dividend as ordinary income. As a result, taxable stockholders may be required to pay income taxes with respect to such dividends in excess of the cash dividends received. Moreover, if a significant number of our stockholders sold shares of our common stock in order to pay taxes owed on dividends, it may put downward pressure on the trading price of our common stock. We do not currently intend to pay taxable dividends of our common stock, although we may choose to do so in the future.

If we fail to comply with certain REIT asset ownership tests at the end of any calendar quarter, we must correct the failure within 30 days after the end of the calendar quarter or qualify for certain statutory relief provisions to avoid losing our REIT qualification. As a result, we may be required to liquidate otherwise attractive assets. These actions may reduce our income and amounts available for distribution to our stockholders.

Complying with REIT requirements may limit our flexibility or cause us to forego otherwise attractive opportunities.

To qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, we must continually satisfy tests concerning, among other things, the sources of our income, the nature and diversification of our assets, the amounts we distribute to our stockholders, and the ownership of our common stock. Thus, compliance with these tests will require us to refrain from certain activities and may hinder our ability to make certain attractive investments, including the purchase of non-qualifying assets, the expansion of non-real estate activities, and investments in the businesses to be conducted by our TRSs, and to that extent limit our opportunities and our flexibility to change our business strategy. Furthermore, acquisition opportunities may be adversely affected if we need or require the target company to comply with certain REIT requirements prior to closing. In addition, as a REIT, we may face investor pressures to forego growth opportunities that are not immediately accretive.

We hold our non-qualifying REIT assets in one or more TRSs. These non-qualifying REIT assets consist primarily of non-real estate assets related to our Hospitality segment and the assets related to our Entertainment segment as historically structured and operated. We conduct a significant portion of our business activities through these TRSs. Under the Code, no more than 20% of the value of the assets of a REIT may be represented by securities of one or more TRSs, and no more than 5% of the value of the assets of a REIT may be represented by other non-qualifying assets. These limitations may affect our ability to make additional investments in our Entertainment segment as historically structured and operated or in other non-REIT qualifying operations or assets. To meet our annual distribution requirements, we may be required to distribute amounts that may otherwise be used for our operations, including amounts that may otherwise be invested in future acquisitions, capital expenditures or repayment of debt, and it is possible that we might be required to borrow funds, sell assets or issue equity to fund these distributions, even if the then-prevailing market conditions are not favorable for these borrowings, sales or offerings.

Our planned use of TRSs may cause us to fail to qualify as a REIT.

The net income of our TRSs is not required to be distributed to us, and income that is not distributed to us generally will not be subject to the REIT income distribution requirement. However, there may be limitations on our ability to accumulate earnings in our TRSs and the accumulation or reinvestment of significant earnings in our TRSs could result in adverse tax treatment. In particular, if the accumulation of cash in our TRSs causes the fair market value of our securities in our TRSs and certain other non-qualifying assets to exceed 25% of the fair market value of our assets, we would fail to qualify as a REIT.

If our leases of our hotel properties to TRS lessees are not true leases for federal income tax purposes, we may fail to qualify as a REIT.

In order for the lease payments by our TRS lessees to our property-owning subsidiaries to qualify for purposes of the gross income tests, the lease or sublease must be considered a true lease for federal income tax purposes and must not be treated as a service contract, joint venture, or some other type of arrangement. We believe we have structured our leases and subleases of our hotel properties to our TRS lessees so that the leases will be considered true leases for federal income tax purposes, but there can be no assurance that the IRS will agree with this characterization.

If Marriott or any future third-party hotel manager fails to qualify as an “eligible independent contractor,” or if our hotels are not “qualified lodging facilities,” we may fail to qualify as a REIT.

Rent paid by a lessee or sublessee that is a “related party tenant” of ours will not be qualifying income for purposes of the two gross income tests applicable to REITs. An exception is provided, however, for leases of “qualified lodging facilities” to a TRS so long as the hotels are managed by an “eligible independent contractor” and certain other requirements are satisfied. We lease or sublease our hotel properties to TRS lessees, and such TRS lessees have engaged Marriott as a third-party hotel manager. We believe Marriott and any other third-party hotel manager that our TRS lessees may engage in the future will qualify as “eligible independent contractors” for federal income tax purposes. Among other requirements, to qualify as an “eligible independent contractor,” the third-party hotel manager must not own, directly or through its stockholders, more than 35% of our outstanding shares, and no person or group of persons can own more than 35% of our outstanding shares and the shares (or ownership interest) of the third-party hotel manager, taking into account certain ownership attribution rules. The ownership attribution rules that apply for purposes of these 35% thresholds are complex, and monitoring actual and constructive ownership of our shares by the third-party hotel manager and their owners may not be practical. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that these ownership limits will not be exceeded.

In addition, for a third-party hotel manager to qualify as an “eligible independent contractor,” such company or a related person must be actively engaged in the trade or business of operating “qualified lodging facilities” (as defined below) for one or more persons not related to the REIT or its TRSs at each time that such company enters into a hotel management contract with a TRS lessee. We believe that Marriott operates “qualified lodging facilities” for certain persons who are not related to us or our TRSs, and Marriott has agreed in the hotel management agreements that it, or its affiliates, are eligible independent contractors and will maintain such status. However, no assurances can be provided that Marriott or any other hotel managers that we may engage in the future will in fact comply with this requirement. Failure to comply with this requirement would require us to find other third-party hotel managers for future contracts, and, if we hired a third-party hotel manager without knowledge of the failure, it could jeopardize our status as a REIT.

Finally, each property with respect to which our TRS lessees pay rent must be a “qualified lodging facility.” A “qualified lodging facility” is a hotel, motel or other establishment more than one-half of the dwelling units in which are used on a transient basis, including customary amenities and facilities, provided that no wagering activities are conducted at or in connection with such facility by any person who is engaged in the business of accepting wagers and who is legally authorized to engage in such business at or in connection with such facility. We believe that our current hotel properties are “qualified lodging facilities.” Although we intend to monitor future acquisitions and improvements of properties,

REIT provisions of the Code provide only limited guidance for making determinations under the requirements for “qualified lodging facilities,” and there can be no assurance that these requirements will be satisfied.

Risks Relating to Our Capital Structure

Covenants in our current and future debt instruments may limit our ability to make required distributions to our stockholders in accordance with our announced intended dividend policy.

Our credit facility imposes, and future financing agreements are likely to impose, operating and financial restrictions on our activities, including restrictions on the payment of dividends. These restrictions may prevent us from making distributions to our stockholders in accordance with our announced intended dividend policy.

Our cash distributions are not guaranteed and may fluctuate.

A REIT generally is required to distribute at least 90% of its REIT taxable income to its stockholders. Generally, our board of directors, in its sole discretion, will determine on a quarterly basis whether to pay a cash dividend and the amount of cash to be distributed to our stockholders based on a number of factors including, but not limited to, our results of operations, cash flow and capital requirements, economic conditions, tax considerations, borrowing capacity and other factors, including debt covenant restrictions that may impose limitations on cash payments and plans for future acquisitions and divestitures. Our board of directors approved a dividend policy pursuant to which we will make minimum dividends of 100% of REIT taxable income annually, subject to the board of directors’ future determinations as to the amount of any distributions and the timing thereof. The dividend policy may be altered at any time by our board of directors (as otherwise permitted by our credit agreement) and certain provisions of our agreements governing our other indebtedness may prohibit us from paying dividends in accordance with any policy we may adopt. Consequently, our distribution levels may be minimal and may fluctuate.

We have invested in, and in the future may invest in, joint ventures, certain minority equity interests, mortgage loans, or mezzanine debt over which we may not have significant control, to or for which we may owe significant funding or obligations and for which there is no readily available market, and these investments may not be profitable.

We may invest with third parties through partnerships, joint ventures or other entities, by acquiring non-controlling interests in or sharing responsibility for managing the affairs of a property, partnership, joint venture or other entity. Further, we may invest in mortgage loans or mezzanine financing for a property. These types of investments may not be liquid and we may have little or no rights, or ability, to exercise the direction or control of the respective enterprises. In connection with these investments, we may have obligations under certain guarantees related to such investments. The ultimate value of any debt investments, joint ventures or minority investments will be dependent upon the efforts of others over an extended period of time. The nature of our interests and the absence of a readily available market for those interests restrict our ability to dispose of them. Our lack of control over the management of any business in which we are a creditor, joint owner or minority investor and the lack of a readily available market to sell our interest in these businesses may cause us to recognize a loss on our investment in these businesses or to incur costs or liabilities that we do not control, but for which we may be required to contribute capital or satisfy financial commitments. These arrangements are subject to uncertainties and risks, including those related to credit risk, conflicting joint venture partner interests, including with respect to competition in other markets, and to our joint venture partners failing to meet their financial or other obligations.

Our substantial debt could reduce our cash flow and limit our business activities.

We currently have a significant amount of debt. At December 31, 2023, we had approximately $3.4 billion of total debt. We may incur additional debt in connection with acquisitions of properties or businesses, development, investment in new projects, renovations, or capital improvement.

Our substantial amount of debt could have important consequences. For example, it could:

• increase our vulnerability to general adverse economic and industry conditions;
• require us to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to make interest and principal payments on our debt, thereby limiting the availability of our cash flow to make distributions to our stockholders and to fund future capital expenditures, working capital and other general corporate requirements;
• limit our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and the hospitality industry, which may place us at a competitive disadvantage compared with competitors that are less leveraged;
• limit our ability to borrow additional funds, even when necessary to maintain adequate liquidity; and
• limit our ability to obtain additional financing for various projects, including possible expansions of our existing properties and acquisitions of additional properties.

In addition, the terms of our credit agreements allow, and instruments governing any new debt may allow, us to incur substantial amounts of additional debt subject to certain limitations. Any such additional debt could increase the risks associated with our substantial leverage. At the time any principal amount of our indebtedness is due, we may not have cash available to pay this amount, and we may not be able to refinance our indebtedness on favorable terms, or at all.

We could be required to refinance our debt before it matures and there is no assurance that we will be able to refinance our debt on acceptable terms.

Our ability to refinance each of our agreements governing our indebtedness on acceptable terms will be dependent upon a number of factors, including our degree of leverage, the value of our assets, borrowing restrictions which may be imposed by lenders and conditions in the credit markets at the time we refinance. Rising interest rates may make future refinancing more difficult to obtain on favorable terms. In addition, although we have previously been successful in negotiating amendments to our credit agreement and in negotiating an amendment to the Gaylord Rockies term loan, we may be unsuccessful in negotiating any further amendments or modifications to the agreements governing our indebtedness as we may deem necessary. To the extent we are unable to refinance our debt on acceptable terms, we may be forced to choose from a number of unfavorable options, including agreeing to otherwise unfavorable financing terms, selling one or more hotel properties at unattractive prices or on disadvantageous terms, or defaulting on mortgages and allowing our lenders to foreclose. Any one of these options could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.

To service our debt and pay other obligations, we will require a significant amount of cash, which may not be available to us.

Our ability to make payments on, repay or refinance our debt, including our obligations under our senior notes and any future debt we may incur, and to fund planned capital expenditures will depend largely upon our future operating performance and our ability to generate cash from operations. Our future performance, to a certain extent, is subject to general economic, financial, competitive, legislative, regulatory and other factors that are beyond our control. In addition, our ability to borrow funds in the future to make payments on our debt and other obligations will depend on the satisfaction of the covenants and financial ratios in our senior credit facility and our other debt agreements, including other agreements we may enter into in the future. Our business may not generate sufficient cash flow from operations or we may not have future borrowings available to us under our credit facility or from other sources in an amount sufficient to enable us to pay our debt or to fund our other liquidity needs.

The agreements governing our debt contain various covenants that may limit our ability to operate our business and impair our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.

Our existing financial agreements, including our credit facilities and term loan B impose, and future financing agreements are likely to impose, operating and financial restrictions on our activities, including our ability to make distributions to any stockholder. Our credit facility has required and in the future will require us to comply with or maintain certain financial tests and ratios, including minimum fixed charge coverage ratio, minimum implied debt service coverage ratio and maximum funded debt to asset value ratio, and we expect will require us to comply with these tests in the future. Our financial agreements prohibit or limit our ability to, among other things:

• incur additional debt, issue guarantees of debt and issue preferred stock;
• create liens;
• sell assets;
• sell equity interests in our restricted subsidiaries;
• redeem and/or prepay certain debt;
• pay dividends on our stock to our stockholders or repurchase our stock or other equity interests;
• make certain investments;
• enter new lines of business;
• engage in consolidations, mergers and acquisitions;
• enter into transactions with affiliates; or
• agree to restrictions on our subsidiaries’ ability to pay dividends and make other distributions to us.

If we fail to comply with these covenants, we would be in default under our credit facility and the indentures governing our senior unsecured notes, and the outstanding principal and accrued interest on such debt would become due and payable.

Various risks, uncertainties and events beyond our control could affect our ability to comply with these covenants and maintain applicable financial tests and ratios. Failure to comply with any of the covenants in our existing or future financing agreements could result in a default under those agreements and under other agreements containing cross-default provisions. A default would permit lenders to accelerate the maturity for the debt under these agreements and to foreclose upon any collateral securing the debt, including, in the case of our existing credit facility, our subsidiaries that are the fee owners of Gaylord Opryland and Gaylord Texan, their respective direct and indirect parent entities, and the equity of Ryman Hotel Operations Holdco, LLC, a wholly-owned indirect subsidiary of the Company; in the case of the Gaylord Rockies term loan, Gaylord Rockies; in the case of the OEG term loan, the OEG assets; and in the case of the Block 21 loan, Block 21 assets. Under these circumstances, we might not have sufficient funds or other resources to satisfy all of our obligations. In addition, the limitations imposed by financing agreements on our ability to pay dividends, incur additional debt and to take other actions might significantly impair our ability to obtain other financing and to make distributions to our stockholders in accordance with any dividend policy.

Our indebtedness is secured by a substantial portion of our assets.

Subject to applicable laws and certain agreed-upon exceptions, our $700 million revolving credit facility and $500 million term loan B are secured by equity pledges of our subsidiaries that are the fee owners of Gaylord Opryland and Gaylord Texan, their respective direct and indirect parent entities, and the equity of Ryman Hotel Operations Holdco, LLC, a wholly-owned indirect subsidiary of the Company. The Gaylord Rockies’ $800 million term loan is secured by liens on the substantial majority of Gaylord Rockies assets. The OEG term loan and OEG revolver are secured by substantially all of the assets of OEG Finance, other than Block 21. The Block 21 loan is secured by all of the assets of Block 21. In the event of a default under our credit facility, or if we experience insolvency, liquidation, dissolution or reorganization, the holders of our secured debt instruments would first be entitled to payment from their collateral security, and only then would holders of our unsecured debt be entitled to payment from our remaining assets.

We are a holding company and depend upon our subsidiaries’ cash flow to meet our debt service obligations.

We are a holding company, and we conduct our operations through our subsidiaries, including our TRSs. As a result, our ability to meet our debt service obligations substantially depends upon our subsidiaries’ cash flows and payments of funds to us by our subsidiaries as dividends, loans, advances, leases or other payments. The payment of dividends and/or making of loans, advances, leases or other payments by our subsidiaries will be subject to the approval of those subsidiaries’ boards. Our subsidiaries’ ability to pay such dividends and/or make such loans, advances, leases or other payments may also be restricted by, among other things, applicable laws and regulations, current and future debt agreements, and management agreements into which our subsidiaries may enter.

Our variable rate indebtedness subjects us to interest rate risk, which could cause our indebtedness service obligations to increase significantly.

Certain of our indebtedness bears interest at variable interest rates that use Adjusted Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) as the preferred alternative rate for LIBOR that has been identified by the Alternative Reference Rates Committee (“ARRC”), a U.S.-based group convened by the Federal Reserve and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. SOFR is calculated based on short-term repurchase agreements, backed by U.S. Treasury securities, and Adjusted Term SOFR is a forward-looking term rate currently published by CME Group Benchmark Administration Limited. Adjusted Term SOFR is calculated differently from LIBOR and has inherent differences, which could give rise to uncertainties, including the limited historical data and volatility of the benchmark rates. Because of these and other differences, there is no assurance that any of our SOFR-based facilities will perform in the same way as LIBOR would have performed at any time, and there is no guarantee that Adjusted Term SOFR is a comparable substitute for LIBOR. Uncertainty as to the nature of such potential changes, alternative reference rates, including SOFR, or other reforms may adversely affect market demand for LIBOR- or SOFR-based obligations, including ours. As a result, our interest expense may increase, our ability to refinance some or all of our existing indebtedness may be affected, and our available cash flow may be adversely affected.

Our organizational documents and Delaware law could make it difficult for a third party to acquire control of us.

Our Charter and our Second Amended and Restated Bylaws contain provisions that could delay, deter or prevent a change in control of our company or our management. These provisions could also discourage proxy contests and make it more difficult for stockholders to elect directors and take other corporate actions. These provisions:

• impose restrictions on transfer and ownership of our common stock that are designed to assist us in maintaining our status as a REIT;
• authorize us to issue “blank check” preferred stock, which is preferred stock that can be created and issued by our board of directors, without stockholder approval, with rights senior to those of common stock;
• establish advance notice requirements for submitting nominations for election to our board of directors and for proposing matters that can be acted upon by stockholders at meetings;
• provide that special meetings of stockholders may be called only by our chairman or by a majority of the members of our board of directors;
• prohibit stockholder actions taken on written consent; and
• impose restrictions on ownership of common stock by certain persons (including non-United States persons) due to our ownership of a radio station.

We are subject to anti-takeover provisions under Delaware law, which could also delay or prevent a change of control. Together, our Charter, Second Amended and Restated Bylaws, and Delaware law may discourage transactions that otherwise could provide for the payment of a premium over prevailing market prices for our common stock, and also could limit the price that investors are willing to pay in the future for shares of our common stock.

The ownership limitations in our Charter may restrict or prevent stockholders from engaging in certain transfers of our common stock.

To qualify and remain qualified as a REIT, no more than 50% in value of our outstanding shares may be owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer individuals (as defined in the Code to include various kinds of entities) during the last half of any taxable year. To assist us in qualifying as a REIT, our Charter contains a share ownership limit. Generally, any of our shares owned by affiliated owners will be added together for purposes of the share ownership limit. This share ownership limit provides that (subject to certain exceptions) no person may beneficially own, or be deemed to own by virtue of the attribution provisions of the Code, more than 9.8%, in value or in number of shares, whichever is more restrictive, of the outstanding shares of our capital stock, or any class or series of our capital stock. If anyone transfers shares in a manner that would violate the share ownership limit or prevent us from qualifying as a REIT, those shares instead will be transferred to a trust for the benefit of a charitable beneficiary and will be either redeemed by us or sold to a person whose ownership of the shares will not violate the share ownership limit or we will consider the transfer to be null and void from the outset, and the intended transferee of those shares will be deemed never to have owned the shares.

Our Charter also prohibits the ownership of shares by any person or entity if such ownership would violate or otherwise be inconsistent with federal communications laws or regulations pertaining to the ownership of television or radio stations, cable television or other radio authorizations by (i) foreign persons or entities, (ii) persons or entities having interests in television or radio broadcast stations, newspapers or cable television systems, and (iii) entities seeking direct or indirect control of us without prior federal regulatory approval. In the event of a transfer that would result in a violation or inconsistency with federal communications laws or regulations, we may refuse to permit the transfer, suspend the rights of share ownership as necessary to prohibit the violation or inconsistency, or redeem the shares. Anyone who acquires shares in violation of the share ownership limit or the other restrictions on transfer in our Charter bears the risk of suffering a financial loss when the shares are redeemed or sold if the market price of our shares falls between the date of purchase and the date of redemption or sale. In addition, these ownership limitations may prevent an acquisition of control of us by a third party without the approval of our board of directors, even if our stockholders believe the change of control is in their interest.

General Risk Factors

We are subject to risks related to our environmental, social and governance practices.

Many factors influence our reputation including the perception held by our customers and other key stakeholders and the communities in which we do business, and the perception held by customers of Marriott or any future third-party hotel manager. The lodging and entertainment industries in which we operate face increasing scrutiny related to environmental, social and governance activities and risk of damage to our reputation if we fail to act responsibly or comply with regulatory requirements in a number of areas, such as safety and security, environmental stewardship and sustainability, climate change, diversity, human rights, philanthropy and support for local communities. The continuing evolution of social media presents new challenges and requires us to keep pace with new developments and trends. Negative posts or comments about us, the properties we own, the businesses we operate, and Marriott or any future third-party hotel manager on any social networking or user-generated review website, including travel and vacation property websites, could affect consumer opinions of us, and we cannot guarantee that we will timely or adequately redress such instances.

Hospitality companies have been the target of class actions and other lawsuits alleging violations of federal and state law and other claims, and we may be subject to legal claims.

Our operating income and profits may be reduced by legal or governmental proceedings brought by or on behalf of our employees, customers or other third parties. In recent years, a number of hospitality companies have been subject to lawsuits, including class action lawsuits, alleging violations of federal and state law regarding workplace and employment matters, discrimination, customer privacy breaches and other alleged violations of law. A number of these lawsuits have resulted in the payment of substantial damages by the defendants. Similar lawsuits have been instituted against us from time to time and were resolved in an immaterial manner, but we cannot assure you that we will not incur substantial damages and expenses resulting from future lawsuits of this type or other claims, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Additionally, because we rely on third-party managers to operate our hotel properties and certain attractions, we have limited control over defending lawsuits of this type or other claims.

The ability of our board of directors to change our major policies without the consent of stockholders may not be in our stockholders’ interest.

Our board of directors determines our major policies, including any policies and guidelines we may maintain from time to time relating to our acquisitions, leverage, financing, growth, qualification as a REIT and distributions to our stockholders. Our board of directors may amend or revise these and other policies and guidelines from time to time without the vote or consent of our stockholders. Accordingly, our stockholders will have limited control over changes in our policies and those changes could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, the market price of our common stock and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.

The market price of our common stock may vary substantially based on changes in market interest rates and other factors.

The trading prices of equity securities issued by REITs have historically been affected, including in recent quarters, by changes in market interest rates and other factors. One of the factors that may influence the market price of our common stock is the annual yield from distributions on our common stock as compared to yields on other financial instruments. The U.S. has experienced, and may continue to experience, increases in market interest rates. Further increases in market interest rates, or a decrease in our distributions to stockholders, may lead prospective purchasers of our shares to demand a higher annual yield and choose other investments, which could reduce the market price of our common stock. Further, rising interest rates may reduce our available cash flow and diminish our ability to reinvest in our assets, which may harm our business.

Other factors that could affect the market price of our common stock include the following:

• actual or anticipated variations in our quarterly results of operations;
• changes in market valuations of companies in the hotel or real estate industries;
• changes in expectations of future financial performance or changes in estimates of securities analysts;
• fluctuations in stock market prices and volumes;
• issuances of common stock or other securities in the future;
• disputes with our hotel managers;
• the addition or departure of key personnel;
• announcements by us or our competitors of acquisitions, investments or strategic alliances; and
• unforeseen events beyond our control, such as terrorist attacks, travel related health concerns including pandemics and epidemics (including widespread or severe outbreaks of new or existing COVID-19 variants in the United States), political instability, regional hostilities, increases in fuel prices, imposition of taxes or surcharges by regulatory authorities, travel related accidents and unusual weather patterns, including natural disasters, such as hurricanes, earthquakes or tornadoes.

We have strategically integrated cybersecurity risk management into our broader enterprise risk management function to promote a company-wide culture of cybersecurity risk management. Our board of directors has general oversight responsibility for our enterprise risk management function, which includes specific areas of focus including competitive, economic, operational, financial (accounting, credit, liquidity and tax), legal, compliance, information technology security programs (including cybersecurity), ESG/corporate social responsibility, political and reputational risks. Our board of directors has delegated oversight of certain of these areas to the committees of our board of directors, including delegating the oversight of our information technology security programs (including cybersecurity) to the audit committee of our board of directors (the “Audit Committee”). We believe this division of risk management-related roles to the committees of our board of directors fosters an atmosphere of significant involvement in the oversight of risk at the board level and complements our risk management policies. The oversight responsibility of our board of directors is facilitated by a management report process that is designed to provide both visibility and transparency to our board of directors about the identification, assessment and management of critical risks and management’s risk mitigation strategies.

Our risk management team, which includes members of senior management, including our Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), Chief Information Officer (“CIO”) and General Counsel, as well as external consultants, works closely with our information technology department (“IT Department”) to continuously evaluate and address cybersecurity risks relevant to our business and operations. In addition, we have set company-wide policies and procedures that directly or indirectly relate to cybersecurity matters, such as policies related to encryption standards, antivirus protection, access removal, multifactor authentication, confidential information or use of the internet, social media, email and wireless devices. These policies go through an annual internal management review and approval process.

Our CIO and our Vice President of IT (“VP of IT”) are primarily responsible for our overall information security, strategy, policy, security engineering, operations and cybersecurity threat detection and the management of cybersecurity risks. Our CIO and VP of IT, collectively, have over fifty years of experience working in the information technology and cybersecurity field and have extensive experience assessing and managing cybersecurity and information technology programs and cybersecurity risk. Our CIO and VP of IT hold degrees in the information technology and cybersecurity fields, as well as hold certain cybersecurity and other relevant technology certifications. The CIO meets with our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”), on a weekly basis, and the CFO, on a monthly basis, to discuss all relevant business risks, including cybersecurity risks and threats. In addition to regular reports from our CIO and vice president of internal audit regarding our program for managing our information security risks, including data privacy and protection risks we face, the CIO and VP of IT also meet quarterly with the Audit Committee to inform them of current cybersecurity risks and threats, as well as cybersecurity enhancement projects. Our full board of directors receives an annual update regarding the current cybersecurity environment from our CIO, which may include presentations from external consultants. Our Enterprise Risk Management (“ERM”) committee, which includes several members of senior management, including our CFO, our CIO, and a Certified Information Systems Auditor, also presents all of our top organizational and operational risks, including information security-related risks, focus areas and accomplishments throughout our various businesses, to our board of directors on a quarterly basis.

Our IT Department management team meets monthly to assess and review cybersecurity status, which includes dashboard reviews, operational risks and company compliance. Annually, our internal audit group and third-party consultants meet with our IT Department to perform risk assessment walkthrough meetings, discuss potential enhancements, materiality of risks and alignment with the Center for Internet Security Critical Security Controls framework. In addition, we engage third-party consultants to perform annual red team exercises and external penetration tests.

We promote a culture of cybersecurity compliance throughout our organization, including required monthly cybersecurity training for all employees with company accounts and annual training for service-related employees on cybersecurity related topics, including social engineering (e.g., phishing, vishing and smishing), ransomware, denial of service or information, and other security breach tactics. We conduct quarterly ERM discussions where top risk owners discuss how risks have changed and how such risks are being addressed with approaches designed to mitigate such risks.

In addition to assessing our own cybersecurity preparedness and as part of our overall cybersecurity risk management framework, we also consider and evaluate cybersecurity risks associated with our use of third-party service providers. We perform a formal System and Organization Controls (“SOC”) review process annually on our financially significant third-party service providers, which includes our internal assessment of complementary user entity controls. All other material third-party service providers undergo assessment as a contract is entered into or renewed to ensure cybersecurity alignment. Our internal audit group meets regularly with management team members of Marriott, our third-party hotel manager, to assess security applications compliance. We also regularly meet with management team members of Marriott to understand system upgrades, changes and associated risks with third-party manager applications. In addition, we generally require our third-party service providers to promptly notify us of any actual or suspected breach impacting our data or operations.

In assessing cybersecurity threats, our IT Department has established controls and procedures for responding to cybersecurity incidents, including a process to evaluate the significance of a cybersecurity incident. Members of senior management, including our General Counsel and CFO, are tasked with performing a materiality assessment in the event of a cybersecurity incident, which includes the consideration of relevant quantitative and qualitative factors, as well as SEC guidance. Based on the results of this evaluation, further escalation of the cybersecurity event may occur, which may include our CEO, our board of directors and/or law enforcement. In addition, members of senior management will determine, based on the assessment described above, whether the cybersecurity incident requires disclosure with the SEC.

We or our third-party manager currently maintain a cybersecurity insurance policy that provides coverage for security incidents and periodically meet with our insurer to discuss emerging trends in cybersecurity. We do not believe that any risks we have identified to date from cybersecurity threats, including as a result of any previous cybersecurity incidents, have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect us, including our business strategy, results of operations or financial condition. However, notwithstanding the programs, policies and procedures described above, there can be no assurance that we or businesses with which we interact will not experience a cybersecurity incident that materially affects us in the future. For more information about the cybersecurity risks we face, see the risk factor entitled “Cybersecurity incidents, including the failure to protect the integrity or availability of IT systems or the security of confidential information, or the introduction of malware or ransomware, could harm our business.” in Item 1A. Risk Factors of Part I of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Hospitality Segment

We own our Opryland complex in Nashville, Tennessee, which includes the site of Gaylord Opryland (approximately 172 acres) and Gaylord Springs (over 200 acres). We also own the approximately 6-acre site of the Inn at Opryland, which is located near the Opryland complex. We have leased a 65-acre tract in Osceola County, Florida, on which the

Gaylord Palms is located, pursuant to a 75-year ground lease with a 24-year renewal option. We acquired approximately 85 acres in Grapevine, Texas, through ownership (approximately 75 acres) and ground lease (approximately 10 acres), on which the Gaylord Texan is located. We also own an additional approximately 40 acres of property near the Gaylord Texan. We own approximately 42 acres on the Potomac River in Prince George’s County, Maryland, on which the Gaylord National is located and we own fee title to the condominium unit in the eight-story building in which the AC Hotel is located. We own approximately 85 acres on which Gaylord Rockies is located and approximately 130 acres of undeveloped land adjacent to Gaylord Rockies. Gaylord Rockies assets secure our obligations pursuant to the Gaylord Rockies term loan, as described in the Liquidity and Capital Resources section of Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” On June 30, 2023, we purchased approximately 600 acres in San Antonio, Texas, on which JW Marriott Hill Country is located, and in November 2023, we purchased approximately 38 additional adjacent acres. Each of our hotel properties in the Hospitality segment is leased or subleased to one of our TRSs, and each such TRS has engaged Marriott to manage the day-to-day operations of the hotel. For a description of the management agreements with Marriott, see “Management Agreements” in Item 1, “Business.” For the operating results of our hotels on a property basis, see “Operating Results – Detailed Segment Financial Information” in Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

Entertainment Segment

We own the General Jackson’s docking facility and the Grand Ole Opry House, each of which is located within the Opryland complex. In downtown Nashville, we own the Ryman Auditorium, Ole Red Nashville, and the Wildhorse Saloon dance hall and production facility, and an adjacent 17,000 square foot building. In Austin, we own Block 21, which includes the Moody Theater, the 3TEN at ACL Live Club, the W Austin, and approximately 53,000 square feet of other Class A commercial space. Our TRSs have engaged Marriott to manage the day-to-day operations of the General Jackson Showboat and the W Austin. For a description of the management agreements with Marriott, see “Management Agreements” in Item 1, “Business.”

Corporate and Other

We own our executive offices and headquarters located at One Gaylord Drive, Nashville, Tennessee, which consists of a five-story office building comprising approximately 80,000 square feet. We believe that these facilities and the facilities related to each of our business segments are generally well maintained.

We and various of our subsidiaries are involved in claims and lawsuits incidental to the ordinary course of our businesses, such as personal injury actions by guests and employees and complaints alleging employee discrimination. We maintain various insurance policies, including general liability and property damage insurance, as well as workers’ compensation, business interruption, and other policies, which we believe provide adequate coverage for the risks associated with our range of operations. We believe that we are adequately insured against these claims by our existing insurance policies and that the outcome of any pending claims or proceedings will not have a material effect on our financial statements.

For further discussion of legal proceedings, see “Note 11 – Commitments and Contingencies” to our consolidated financial statements included herein.

This section of this Annual Report on Form 10-K generally discusses 2023 and 2022 items and year-to-year comparisons between 2023 and 2022. Discussions of 2021 items and year-to-year comparisons between 2022 and 2021 that are not included in this Form 10-K can be found in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in Part II, Item 7 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.

Overview

We are a Delaware corporation, originally incorporated in 1956, that, following our REIT conversion in 2012, began operating as a self-advised and self-administered REIT for federal income tax purposes on January 1, 2013, specializing in group-oriented, destination hotel assets in urban and resort markets. Our core holdings include a network of five upscale, meetings-focused resorts totaling 9,917 rooms that are managed by Marriott International, Inc. (“Marriott”) under the Gaylord Hotels brand. These five resorts, which we refer to as our Gaylord Hotels properties, consist of the Gaylord Opryland Resort & Convention Center in Nashville, Tennessee (“Gaylord Opryland”), the Gaylord Palms Resort & Convention Center near Orlando, Florida (“Gaylord Palms”), the Gaylord Texan Resort & Convention Center near Dallas, Texas (“Gaylord Texan”), the Gaylord National Resort & Convention Center near Washington D.C. (“Gaylord National”), and the Gaylord Rockies Resort & Convention Center near Denver, Colorado (“Gaylord Rockies”), which was previously owned by the Gaylord Rockies joint venture, in which we owned a 65% interest. On May 7, 2021, we purchased the remaining 35% interest in the Gaylord Rockies joint venture. Our other owned hotel assets managed by Marriott include the Inn at Opryland, an overflow hotel adjacent to Gaylord Opryland, the AC Hotel at National Harbor, Washington D.C. (“AC Hotel”), an overflow hotel adjacent to Gaylord National, and effective June 30, 2023, the JW Marriott San Antonio Hill Country Resort & Spa (“JW Marriott Hill Country”).

We also own a controlling 70% equity interest in a business comprised of a number of entertainment and media assets, known as the Opry Entertainment Group (“OEG”), which we report as our Entertainment segment. These assets include the Grand Ole Opry, the legendary weekly showcase of country music’s finest performers for 98 years; the Ryman Auditorium, the storied live music venue and former home of the Grand Ole Opry located in downtown Nashville; WSM-AM, the Opry’s radio home; Ole Red, a brand of Blake Shelton-themed bar, music venue and event spaces; two Nashville-based assets – the Wildhorse Saloon and the General Jackson Showboat; and as of May 31, 2022, Block 21, a mixed-use entertainment, lodging, office, and retail complex located in Austin, Texas (“Block 21”). See “OEG Transaction” below for additional disclosure regarding our sale of a 30% interest in OEG effective June 16, 2022.

Each of our award-winning Gaylord Hotels properties, as well as the JW Marriott Hill Country, incorporates not only high-quality lodging, but also at least 400,000 square feet (268,000 in the case of JW Marriott Hill Country) of meeting, convention and exhibition space, superb food and beverage options and retail and spa facilities within a single self-contained property. As a result, our Gaylord Hotels properties and JW Marriott Hill Country provide a convenient and entertaining environment for convention guests. Our Gaylord Hotels properties and JW Marriott Hill Country focus on the large group meetings market in the United States.

Our goal is to be the nation’s premier hospitality REIT for group-oriented, destination hotel assets in urban and resort markets.

See “Forward-Looking Statements” and “Risk Factors” under Part I of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for important information regarding forward-looking statements made in this report and risks and uncertainties we face.

JW Marriott Hill Country

On June 30, 2023, we purchased JW Marriott Hill Country for approximately $800 million. Located amid approximately 600 acres in the Texas Hill Country region outside of San Antonio, JW Marriott Hill Country, which opened in 2010, is a premier group-oriented resort with 1,002 rooms and 268,000 total square feet of indoor and outdoor meeting and event space. The resort’s amenities include a 26,000 square foot spa; eight food and beverage outlets; a 9-acre water experience; and TPC San Antonio, which features two 18-hole golf courses. We funded the purchase price with approximately $395 million in net proceeds of an underwritten registered public offering of approximately 4.4 million shares of the Company’s common stock, approximately $393 million in net proceeds of a private placement of $400 million aggregate principal amount of 7.25% senior notes due 2028 and cash on hand. JW Marriott Hill Country assets are reflected in our Hospitality segment beginning June 30, 2023.

Credit Facility Refinancing

In May 2023, we completed the refinancing of our previous credit facility by entering into a new credit agreement, which extends the maturity of our $700 million revolving credit facility to 2027 and an increased $500 million term loan B to 2030. The new credit facility also includes an accordion feature that will allow us to increase the facilities by an aggregate total of up to $475 million. A portion of the proceeds of the term loan B were used to repay in full the approximately $370 million balance of our previous term loan B. The revolver was undrawn at closing.

Issuance of $400 Million 7.25% Senior Notes due 2028

In June 2023, the Operating Partnership and RHP Finance Corporation completed the private placement of $400.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 7.25% senior notes due 2028 (the “$400 Million 7.25% Senior Notes”), which are guaranteed by the Company and its subsidiaries that guarantee our credit agreement.

The net proceeds from the issuance of the $400 Million 7.25% Senior Notes totaled approximately $393 million, after deducting the initial purchasers’ discounts, commissions and offering expenses. We used these proceeds to pay a portion of the purchase price for JW Marriott Hill Country discussed above.

Equity Offering

In June 2023, we completed an underwritten public offering of approximately 4.4 million shares of our common stock, par value $0.01 per share, at a price to the public of $93.25 per share. Our net proceeds, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other expenses paid by us, were approximately $395 million. We used these proceeds to pay a portion of the purchase price for JW Marriott Hill Country discussed above.

OEG Transaction

As more fully described in the “OEG Transaction” section of Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements included herein, on June 16, 2022, we and certain of our subsidiaries, including OEG Attractions Holdings, LLC, which directly or indirectly owns the assets that comprise our Entertainment segment, consummated the transactions contemplated by an investment agreement (the “Investment Agreement”) with Atairos Group, Inc. (“Atairos”) and A-OEG Holdings, LLC, an affiliate of Atairos (the “OEG Investor”), pursuant to which OEG issued and sold to the OEG Investor, and the OEG Investor acquired, 30% of the equity interests of OEG for approximately $296.0 million (the “OEG Transaction”). The purchase price for the OEG Transaction may be increased by $30.0 million if OEG achieves certain financial objectives in 2024.

We retained a controlling 70% equity interest in OEG and continue to consolidate OEG and the other subsidiaries comprising our Entertainment segment in our consolidated financial statements. After the payment of transaction expenses, we used substantially all of the net proceeds from the OEG Transaction, together with the net proceeds we received from the OEG Term Loan (as defined in “Principal Debt Agreements” below), to repay the then-outstanding balance of our former $300 million term loan A and to pay down substantially all borrowings then outstanding under our revolving credit facility.

Dividend Policy

In September 2022, our board of directors approved a dividend policy pursuant to which we will make minimum dividends of 100% of REIT taxable income annually, subject to the board of directors’ future determinations as to the amount of any distributions and the timing thereof. The dividend policy may be altered at any time by our board of directors (as otherwise permitted by our credit agreement) and certain provisions of our agreements governing our indebtedness may prohibit us from paying dividends in accordance with any policy we may adopt.

Our Operations

Our ongoing operations are organized into three principal business segments:

• Hospitality, consisting of our Gaylord Hotels properties, JW Marriott Hill Country (effective June 30, 2023), the Inn at Opryland, and the AC Hotel.
• Entertainment, consisting of the Grand Ole Opry, the Ryman Auditorium, WSM-AM, Ole Red, Block 21, and our other Nashville-based attractions.
• Corporate and Other, consisting of our corporate expenses.

For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, our total revenues were divided among these business segments as follows:

Key Performance Indicators

The operating results of our Hospitality segment are highly dependent on the volume of customers at our hotels and the quality of the customer mix at our hotels, which are managed by Marriott. These factors impact the price that Marriott can charge for our hotel rooms and other amenities, such as food and beverage and meeting space. The following key performance indicators are commonly used in the hospitality industry and are used by management to evaluate hotel performance and potentially allocate capital expenditures:

• hotel occupancy – a volume indicator;
• average daily rate (“ADR”) – a price indicator calculated by dividing rooms revenue by the number of rooms sold;
• revenue per available room (“RevPAR”) – a summary measure of hotel results calculated by dividing rooms revenue by room nights available to guests for the period;
• total revenue per available room (“Total RevPAR”) – a summary measure of hotel results calculated by dividing the sum of room, food and beverage and other ancillary service revenue by room nights available to guests for the period; and
• net definite room nights booked – a volume indicator which represents the total number of definite bookings for future room nights at our hotels confirmed during the applicable period, net of cancellations.

In addition to GAAP measures such as revenues, net income and operating income, we also use certain “non-GAAP financial measures,” which are measures of our historical performance that are not calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP within the meaning of applicable SEC rules. These measures include:

• Earnings Before Interest Expense, Income Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization for Real Estate (“EBITDAre”), Adjusted EBITDAre and Adjusted EBITDAre, Excluding Noncontrolling Interest in Consolidated Joint Venture, and
• Funds from Operations (“FFO”) available to common stockholders and unit holders and Adjusted FFO available to common stockholders and unitholders.

See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” below for further discussion.

For 2021, as compared to 2022 and historical periods prior to 2020, the closure and pandemic-constrained business levels then experienced by our Gaylord Hotels properties resulted in a significant decrease in performance reflected in these key performance indicators and relevant GAAP and non-GAAP financial measures.

The results of operations of our Hospitality segment are affected by the number and type of group meetings and conventions scheduled to attend our hotels in a given period. A variety of factors can affect the results of any interim period, including the nature and quality of the group meetings and conventions attending our hotels during such period, which meetings and conventions have often been contracted for several years in advance, the level of attrition our hotels experience, and the level of transient business at our hotels during such period. Increases in costs, including labor costs, insurance costs, costs of food and other supplies, and energy costs have affected our operations in 2023 and 2022 and in the future could negatively affect our results, particularly during an inflationary economic environment. We rely on Marriott, as the manager of our hotels, to manage these factors and to offset any identified shortfalls in occupancy.

Summary Financial Results

The following table summarizes our financial results for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands, except percentages and per share data):

2023 Results as Compared to 2022 Results

The increase in our total revenues during 2023, as compared to 2022, is attributable to increases in our Hospitality segment and Entertainment segment revenues of $295.5 million and $56.7 million, respectively, as presented in the tables below.

The increase in total operating expenses during 2023, as compared to 2022, is primarily the result of increases in Hospitality segment and Entertainment segment expenses of $187.8 million and $35.1 million, respectively, as presented in the tables below.

The above factors resulted in a $126.5 million improvement in operating income for 2023, as compared to 2022.

Our increase in net income of $206.9 million in 2023, as compared to 2022, was due to the change in our operating income described above, and the following factors, each as described more fully below:

• A $93.7 million benefit for income taxes in 2023, as compared to a $38.8 million provision for income taxes in 2022, primarily related to the release of $112.5 million in valuation allowance in 2023.
• A $47.3 million increase in net interest expense in 2023, as compared to 2022.

Factors and Trends Contributing to Performance and Current Environment

Important factors and trends contributing to our performance during 2023, as compared to 2022, which was partially impacted by the Omicron variant of COVID-19 in the first quarter of 2022, were:

• The addition of JW Marriott Hill Country on June 30, 2023, including $92.8 million in revenues; the property averaged $197.30 in RevPAR and $503.41 in Total RevPAR.
• Same-store (Hospitality segment excluding JW Marriott Hill Country) hotel occupancy of 71.9% and ADR of $243.19 in 2023, an increase of 5.7 points of occupancy and 2.7%, respectively, over 2022.
• An increase in same-store group rooms traveled in 2023 of 16.0% over 2022.
• A same-store increase of 14.2% in outside-the-room spend in our Hospitality segment in 2023, as compared to 2022, with group catering revenue particularly strong.
• A decrease in same-store cancelled room nights at our hotels of 33.8% in 2023, as compared to 2022, and a decrease in same-store group attrition at our hotels from 20.6% in 2022 to 15.2% in 2023.
• A decrease in attrition and cancellation fee collections of $13.5 million in 2023, as compared to 2022, as cancellations and the related fee collections continue to decline. As these collections have no direct associated expenses, this decrease has had a negative impact on operating income as a percentage of revenue, or margin.
• An increase in same-store incentive management fees incurred by the Company of 127.7% in 2023, as compared to 2022, primarily due to improved full year results.
• On a same-store basis, group room nights on the books for all future years at our hotels at December 31, 2023 is approximately 4.0% greater than those on the books at December 31, 2022, and the ADR on those group room nights on the books at December 31, 2023 is approximately 6.3% higher than ADR on the books at December 31, 2022.
• An increase in Entertainment segment revenue of 21.1% in 2023, as compared to 2022, primarily attributable to the addition of Block 21 with a full year of results in 2023, as well as revenue increases throughout our other OEG businesses as a result of increased attendance or volume, as applicable. Excluding the addition of Block 21, Entertainment segment revenue increased 12.1% in 2023, as compared to 2022.
• The improved revenue performance noted above has mitigated increasing costs, which include increased interest rates, which drove higher interest expense on our higher debt levels, as well as increased wages, insurance, and other costs, which are expected to continue in the current inflationary environment.

Operating Results – Detailed Segment Financial Information

Hospitality Segment

Total Segment Results. The following presents the financial results of our Hospitality segment for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands, except percentages and performance metrics):

(1) Hospitality segment operating loss for 2021 does not include preopening costs of $0.7 million. Hospitality segment operating loss for 2021 also does not include gain on sale of assets of $0.3 million.

(2) Hospitality segment operating loss for 2021 includes approximately $4.6 million in net credits directly related to the COVID-19 pandemic, which are primarily related to employment costs. This amount includes $4.1 million of payroll tax credits afforded under the 2020 Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”).

(3) Hospitality segment metrics for each year include the addition of 302 additional guest rooms at Gaylord Palms beginning June 1, 2021.

(4) We calculate Hospitality segment RevPAR by dividing rooms revenue by room nights available to guests for the period. Room nights available to guests include nights the hotels are closed. Hospitality segment RevPAR is not comparable to similarly titled measures such as revenues.

(5) We calculate Hospitality segment Total RevPAR by dividing the sum of room, food and beverage, and other ancillary services revenue (which equals Hospitality segment revenue) by room nights available to guests for the period. Room nights available to guests include nights the hotels are closed. Hospitality segment Total RevPAR is not comparable to similarly titled measures such as revenues.

(6) Hospitality segment net definite room nights booked for 2023, 2022 and 2021 includes approximately 0.3 million, 0.4 million and 0.8 million group room cancellations, respectively.

(7) Same-store Hospitality segment metrics do not include JW Marriott Hill Country, which we purchased June 30, 2023.

Total Hospitality revenues in 2023 include $43.8 million in attrition and cancellation fee collections, a $13.5 million decrease from 2022.

The percentage of group versus transient business based on rooms sold for our Hospitality segment for the years ended December 31 was approximately as follows:

The type of group based on rooms sold for our Hospitality segment for the years ended December 31 was approximately as follows:

Other hotel expenses for the following years ended December 31 included (in thousands):

Administrative employment costs include salaries and benefits for hotel administrative functions, including, among others, senior management, accounting, human resources, sales, conference services, engineering and security. Administrative employment costs increased during 2023, as compared to 2022, primarily due to the addition of JW Marriott Hill Country, as well as increases at Gaylord Opryland, Gaylord National and Gaylord Texan associated with increased business levels. Utility costs increased during 2023, as compared to 2022, primarily due to the addition of JW Marriott Hill Country, as well as an increase at Gaylord Opryland associated with increased utility rates. Property taxes increased during 2023, as compared to 2022, primarily due to the addition of JW Marriott Hill Country. Other expenses, which include supplies, advertising, maintenance costs and consulting costs, increased during 2023, as compared to 2022, primarily due to the addition of JW Marriott Hill Country, as well as various increases at Gaylord Opryland, Gaylord National, Gaylord Texan and Gaylord Palms due to increased business levels.

Each of our management agreements with Marriott requires us to pay Marriott a base management fee based on the gross revenues from the applicable property for each fiscal year or portion thereof. The applicable percentage for our Gaylord Hotels properties, excluding Gaylord Rockies, is approximately 2% of gross revenues, Gaylord Rockies is approximately 3% of gross revenues, and JW Marriott Hill Country is approximately 3.5% of gross revenues. Additionally, we pay Marriott an incentive management fee based on the profitability of our hotels. We incurred $41.3 million, $33.7 million and $17.1 million in total base management fees to Marriott related to our Hospitality segment during 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. We also incurred $28.3 million, $12.8 million and $0 in incentive management fees for our Hospitality segment during 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Management fees are presented throughout this Annual Report on Form 10-K net of the amortization of the deferred management rights proceeds discussed in Note 5, “Deferred Management Rights Proceeds,” to the consolidated financial statements included herein.

Hospitality segment depreciation and amortization expense decreased in 2023, as compared to 2022, primarily as a result of the intangible asset associated with advanced bookings at Gaylord Rockies when we purchased an additional interest in Gaylord Rockies in 2018 becoming fully amortized in 2022, partially offset by the increase related to JW Marriott Hill Country.

Property-Level Results. The following presents the property-level financial results of our Hospitality segment for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021. In 2021, these properties experienced higher levels of attrition and cancellations and lower occupancy levels, which are directly related to the COVID-19 pandemic, and experienced heavily transient business. Therefore, the property-level financial results for 2021 are not comparable to 2023, 2022 or to historical periods prior to 2020. Total revenue at each of our Gaylord Hotels properties was lower for 2021 than that of historical periods due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Operating costs at each of our properties were lower for 2021 as a result of cost containment initiatives and lower variable costs due to lower occupancies.

Gaylord Opryland Results. The results of Gaylord Opryland for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 are as follows (in thousands, except percentages and performance metrics):

(1) Gaylord Opryland operating expenses do not include a gain on sale of assets of $0.3 million in 2021.

Gaylord Palms Results. Gaylord Palms results include 302 expansion rooms beginning in June 2021. The results of Gaylord Palms for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 are as follows (in thousands, except percentages and performance metrics):

(1) Gaylord Palms operating expenses do not include preopening costs of $0.7 million in 2021.

Gaylord Texan Results. The results of Gaylord Texan for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 are as follows (in thousands, except percentages and performance metrics):

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Gaylord National Results. The results of Gaylord National for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 are as follows (in thousands, except percentages and performance metrics):

(1) Gaylord National operating expenses for 2021 include approximately $2.7 million in credits directly related to the COVID-19 pandemic, which includes $2.5 million in payroll tax credits afforded under the CARES Act.

Gaylord Rockies Results. The results of Gaylord Rockies for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 are as follows (in thousands, except percentages and performance metrics):

JW Marriott Hill Country Results. We purchased JW Marriott Hill Country June 30, 2023. The results of JW Marriott Hill Country for the period ended December 31, 2023 are as follows (in thousands, except percentages and performance metrics):

Entertainment Segment

Due to temporary closures and reopenings of various assets related to COVID-19 in 2021, the Entertainment segment financial results for 2021 are not comparable to 2023, 2022 or to historical periods prior to 2020. Entertainment segment financial results for 2023 and 2022 include Block 21 beginning May 31, 2022. The following presents the financial results of our Entertainment segment for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands, except percentages):

(1) Entertainment segment operating income does not include preopening costs of $1.3 million and $0.5 million in 2023 and 2022, respectively. Entertainment segment operating income also does not include loss from unconsolidated joint ventures of $17.3 million, $11.0 million and $9.0 million in 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively, related to our television network joint venture (“Circle”).

Revenues, operating expenses and depreciation and amortization increased in our Entertainment segment in 2023, as compared to 2022, primarily due to Block 21, which we acquired in May 2022. In addition, Entertainment segment revenues increased in 2023, as compared to 2022, due to increased revenues throughout our other OEG businesses as a result of increased attendance or volume, as applicable. Entertainment segment operating expenses also increased in 2023, as compared to 2022, due to increased variable expenses associated with higher business levels.

Corporate and Other Segment

The following presents the financial results of our Corporate and Other segment for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands, except percentages):

(1) Corporate segment operating loss for 2022 does not include a loss on sale of assets of $0.5 million.

Corporate and Other operating expenses, which consist primarily of costs associated with senior management salaries and benefits, legal, human resources, accounting, pension and other administrative costs, decreased slightly in 2023, as compared to 2022.

Operating Results – Preopening costs

We expense the costs associated with start-up activities and organization costs as incurred. Our preopening costs for 2023 primarily include costs associated with Ole Red Las Vegas, which opened in January 2024. Our preopening costs for 2022 primarily include costs associated with Ole Red Nashville International Airport, which opened in May 2022.

Operating Results – Loss on Sale of Assets

Loss on sale of assets for 2022 includes the sale of a parcel of land in Nashville, Tennessee.

Non-Operating Results Affecting Net Income (Loss)

General

The following table summarizes the other factors which affected our net income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands, except percentages):

Interest Expense

Interest expense increased $63.0 million in 2023, as compared to 2022, due primarily to higher interest rates and higher levels of indebtedness attributable to the 2022 OEG Term Loan and the Block 21 CMBS loan, as well as the May 2023 refinancing and increase of the term loan B and the June 2023 issuance of the $400 Million 7.25% Senior Notes. Our weighted average interest rate on our borrowings, excluding capitalized interest, but including the impact of interest rate swaps, was 6.6% and 5.0% in 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Cash interest expense increased $63.1 million to $200.8 million in 2023, as compared to 2022, and non-cash interest expense, which includes amortization of deferred financing costs and debt discounts or premiums and is offset by capitalized interest, decreased $0.1 million to $10.5 million in 2023, as compared to 2022.

Interest Income

Interest income for 2023 primarily includes amounts earned on our larger than historical cash balances, as well as the bonds that were received in connection with the development of Gaylord National, which we hold as notes receivable. Interest income for 2022 primarily includes amounts earned on the bonds associated with Gaylord National.

Loss on Extinguishment of Debt

As a result of the May 2023 refinancing of our credit facility and the extension of the Gaylord Rockies $800 million term loan, we recognized a loss on extinguishment of debt of $2.3 million in 2023.

As a result of the June 2022 repayment of our previous $300 million term loan A with the proceeds from a $300 million OEG term loan, we recognized a loss on extinguishment of debt of $1.5 million in 2022.

Loss from Unconsolidated Joint Ventures

The loss from unconsolidated joint ventures for 2023 and 2022 represents our equity method share of losses associated with Circle.

In September 2023, we determined to pivot from television network ownership in favor of a distribution approach. Therefore, we and our joint venture partner agreed to wind down Circle, and operations ceased on December 31, 2023. As a result, we incurred a loss related to Circle of approximately $10.5 million, which is included in loss from unconsolidated joint ventures in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations for 2023.

Other Gains and (Losses), net

Other gains and (losses), net for 2023 and 2022 primarily includes a gain of $6.1 million and $2.9 million, respectively, from a fund associated with the Gaylord National bonds to reimburse us for certain marketing and maintenance expenses.

(Provision) Benefit for Income Taxes

As a REIT, we generally are not subject to federal corporate income taxes on ordinary taxable income and capital gains income from real estate investments that we distribute to our stockholders. We are required to pay federal and state corporate income taxes on earnings of our TRSs.

During 2023 and 2022, we recorded an income tax (provision) benefit of $93.7 million and $(38.8) million, respectively. These results differ from the statutory rate primarily due to the REIT dividends paid deduction for both years and a change in valuation allowance at the TRSs in 2023.

We evaluate our deferred tax assets each reporting period to determine if it is more likely than not that those assets will be realized or if a valuation allowance is needed. In the fourth quarter of 2023, due to continued improvement in our financial results coming out of the COVID-19 pandemic and the projected future taxable income of our TRSs, we determined that the release of a significant portion of our federal and state valuation allowance was appropriate. This release of valuation allowance of $112.5 million was the primary factor in the large income tax benefit for 2023.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

We present the following non-GAAP financial measures, which we believe are useful to investors as key measures of our operating performance:

EBITDAre, Adjusted EBITDAre and Adjusted EBITDAre, Excluding Noncontrolling Interest in Consolidated Joint Venture Definition

We calculate EBITDAre, which is defined by the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (“NAREIT”) in its September 2017 white paper as net income (calculated in accordance with GAAP) plus interest expense, income tax expense, depreciation and amortization, gains or losses on the disposition of depreciated property (including gains or losses on change in control), impairment write-downs of depreciated property and of investments in unconsolidated affiliates caused by a decrease in the value of depreciated property of the affiliate, and adjustments to reflect the entity’s share of EBITDAre of unconsolidated affiliates.

Adjusted EBITDAre is then calculated as EBITDAre, plus to the extent the following adjustments occurred during the periods presented:

• Preopening costs;
• Non-cash lease expense;
• Equity-based compensation expense;
• Impairment charges that do not meet the NAREIT definition above;
• Credit losses on held-to-maturity securities;
• Transaction costs of acquisitions;
• Interest income on bonds;
• Loss on extinguishment of debt;
• Pension settlement charges;
• Pro rata Adjusted EBITDAre from unconsolidated joint ventures; and
• Any other adjustments we have identified herein.

We then exclude the pro rata share of Adjusted EBITDAre related to noncontrolling interests in consolidated joint ventures to calculate Adjusted EBITDAre, Excluding Noncontrolling Interest in Consolidated Joint Venture.

We use EBITDAre, Adjusted EBITDAre and Adjusted EBITDAre, Excluding Noncontrolling Interest in Consolidated Joint Venture to evaluate our operating performance. We believe that the presentation of these non-GAAP financial measures provides useful information to investors regarding our operating performance and debt leverage metrics, and that the presentation of these non-GAAP financial measures, when combined with the primary GAAP presentation of net income, is beneficial to an investor’s complete understanding of our operating performance. We make additional adjustments to EBITDAre when evaluating our performance because we believe that presenting Adjusted EBITDAre and Adjusted EBITDAre, Excluding Noncontrolling Interest in Consolidated Joint Venture provides useful information to investors regarding our operating performance and debt leverage metrics.

FFO, Adjusted FFO, and Adjusted FFO available to common stockholders and unit holders Definition

We calculate FFO, which definition is clarified by NAREIT in its December 2018 white paper as net income (calculated in accordance with GAAP) excluding depreciation and amortization (excluding amortization of deferred financing costs and debt discounts), gains and losses from the sale of certain real estate assets, gains and losses from a change in control, impairment write-downs of certain real estate assets and investments in entities when the impairment is directly attributable to decreases in the value of depreciated real estate held by the entity, income (loss) from consolidated joint ventures attributable to noncontrolling interest, and pro rata adjustments for unconsolidated joint ventures.

To calculate Adjusted FFO available to common stockholders and unit holders, we then exclude, to the extent the following adjustments occurred during the periods presented:

• Right-of-use asset amortization;
• Impairment charges that do not meet the NAREIT definition above;
• Write-offs of deferred financing costs;
• Amortization of debt discounts or premiums and amortization of deferred financing costs;
• Loss on extinguishment of debt;
• Non-cash lease expense;
• Credit loss on held-to-maturity securities;
• Pension settlement charges;
• Additional pro rata adjustments from unconsolidated joint ventures;
• (Gains) losses on other assets;
• Transaction costs of acquisitions;
• Deferred income tax expense (benefit); and
• Any other adjustments we have identified herein.

FFO available to common stockholders and unit holders and Adjusted FFO available to common stockholders and unit holders exclude the ownership portion of the joint ventures not controlled or owned by the Company.

We believe that the presentation of FFO available to common stockholders and unit holders and Adjusted FFO available to common stockholders and unit holders provides useful information to investors regarding the performance of our ongoing operations because they are a measure of our operations without regard to specified non-cash items such as real estate depreciation and amortization, gain or loss on sale of assets and certain other items, which we believe are not indicative of the performance of our underlying hotel properties. We believe that these items are more representative of our asset base than our ongoing operations. We also use these non-GAAP financial measures as measures in determining our results after considering the impact of our capital structure.

We caution investors that amounts presented in accordance with our definitions of Adjusted EBITDAre, Adjusted EBITDAre, Excluding Noncontrolling Interest, FFO available to common stockholders and unit holders, and Adjusted FFO available to common stockholders and unit holders may not be comparable to similar measures disclosed by other companies, because not all companies calculate these non-GAAP measures in the same manner. These non-GAAP financial measures, and any related per share measures, should not be considered as alternative measures of our Net Income (Loss), operating performance, cash flow or liquidity. These non-GAAP financial measures may include funds that may not be available for our discretionary use due to functional requirements to conserve funds for capital expenditures and property acquisitions and other commitments and uncertainties. Although we believe that these non-GAAP financial measures can enhance an investor’s understanding of our results of operations, these non-GAAP financial measures, when viewed individually, are not necessarily better indicators of any trend as compared to GAAP measures such as Net Income (Loss), Operating Income (Loss), or cash flow from operations.

The following is a reconciliation of our consolidated GAAP net income (loss) to EBITDAre and Adjusted EBITDAre for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands):

(1) In September 2023, we determined to pivot from television network ownership in favor of a distribution approach. Therefore, we and our joint venture partner agreed to wind down the Circle joint venture, with operations ceasing December 31, 2023. As a result, we incurred a loss related to Circle of approximately $10.5 million in 2023.

The following is a reconciliation of our consolidated GAAP net income (loss) to FFO and Adjusted FFO for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands):

(1) In September 2023, we determined to pivot from television network ownership in favor of a distribution approach. Therefore, we and our joint venture partner agreed to wind down the Circle joint venture, with operations ceasing December 31, 2023. As a result, we incurred a loss related to Circle of approximately $10.5 million in 2023.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Cash Flows Provided By Operating Activities. Cash flow from operating activities is the principal source of cash used to fund our operating expenses, interest payments on debt, maintenance capital expenditures, and dividends to stockholders. During 2023, our net cash flows provided by operating activities were $557.1 million, primarily reflecting our net income before depreciation expense, amortization expense and other non-cash charges of approximately $500.6 million and favorable changes in working capital of approximately $56.5 million. The favorable changes in working capital primarily resulted from an increase in deferred revenues associated with increased advanced room deposits on future hotel room stays.

During 2022, our net cash flows provided by operating activities were $419.9 million, primarily reflecting our net income before depreciation expense, amortization expense and other non-cash charges of approximately $387.6 million, and favorable changes in working capital of approximately $32.3 million. The favorable changes in working capital primarily resulted from an increase in deferred revenues associated with increased advanced ticket purchases at our OEG venues and advanced room deposits on future hotel room stays, and an increase in general accrued expenses, including an increase in management fees and incentive compensation, as a result of the increase in business levels. These favorable changes in working capital were partially offset by an increase in accounts receivable due to an increase in group business at our Gaylord Hotels properties.

Cash Flows Used in Investing Activities.

During 2023, our primary use of funds for investing activities was the use of $791.5 million in net cash to purchase JW Marriott Hill Country and purchases of property and equipment, which totaled $206.8 million. Purchases of property and equipment consisted primarily of the construction of Ole Red Las Vegas, enhancements at Gaylord Rockies to better position the property for our group customers, a rooms, restaurant and meeting space renovation at Gaylord Palms, enhancements to the offerings at Block 21, and ongoing maintenance capital expenditures for each of our existing properties.

During 2022, our primary use of funds for investing activities was the use of $94.0 million in net cash to fund a portion of the purchase price of Block 21 and purchases of property and equipment, which totaled $89.5 million. Purchases of property and equipment consisted primarily of enhancements at Gaylord Rockies to better position the property for our group customers, a re-concepting of the food and beverage options at Gaylord National, the construction of our Ole Red locations in Las Vegas and the Nashville International Airport, and ongoing maintenance capital expenditures for our existing properties.

Cash Flows Provided By Financing Activities. Our cash flows from financing activities primarily reflect the incurrence and repayment of long-term debt and the payment of cash dividends. During 2023, net cash flows provided by financing activities were $711.9 million, primarily reflecting the issuance of the $400 Million 7.25% Senior Notes, $395.4 million in net proceeds from the issuance of approximately 4.4 million shares of our common stock, and the net borrowing of $121.3 million under our refinanced credit facility, partially offset by the payment of $176.0 million in cash distributions and the payment of $23.4 million in deferred financing costs.

During 2022, net cash flows provided by financing activities were $50.7 million, primarily reflecting the net proceeds of the OEG Transaction of $285.9 million and the incurrence of the OEG Term Loan and the repayment of our former term loan A, partially offset by the repayment of $195.0 million under our credit facility and the payment of $15.4 million in deferred financing costs.

Liquidity

At December 31, 2023, we had $591.8 million in unrestricted cash and $745.4 million available for borrowing in the aggregate under our revolving credit facility and the OEG revolving debt facility. During 2023, we issued $400 million in new senior notes for net proceeds of $393 million, received net proceeds of $395.4 million from the issuance of approximately 4.4 million shares of our common stock, net borrowed $121.3 million as part of the May 2023 upsizing of our Term Loan B from $370.0 million to $500.0 million, used $791.5 million in net cash to purchase JW Marriott Hill Country, incurred capital expenditures of $206.8 million and paid $176.0 million in cash distributions. These changes, as well as the cash flows provided by operations discussed above, were the primary factors in the increase in our cash balance from 2022 to 2023.

We anticipate investing in our operations during 2024 by spending between approximately $360 million and $440 million in capital expenditures, which includes projects at Gaylord Rockies to construct a new events pavilion, enhance the grand lodge and reposition its food and beverage outlets; enhancements to meeting spaces at Gaylord Opryland to further appeal to our target group customers; a rooms renovation at the W Hotel and common area enhancements at Block 21; the conversion of the Wildhorse Saloon to Category 10; the completion of Ole Red Las Vegas; a rooms renovation at Gaylord Palms; and ongoing maintenance capital for each of our current facilities. Further, our dividend policy provides that we will make minimum dividends of 100% of REIT taxable income annually. Following completion of the one-year extension of the Gaylord Rockies Loan (as defined and discussed below), we currently have no debt maturities until July 2024. We believe we will be able to refinance our debt agreements prior to their maturities, including extension options.

We believe that our cash on hand and cash flow from operations, together with amounts available for borrowing under each of our revolving credit facility and the OEG revolving credit facility, will be adequate to fund our general short-term commitments, as well as: (i) current operating expenses, (ii) interest expense on long-term debt obligations, (iii) financing lease and operating lease obligations, (iv) declared dividends and (v) the capital expenditures described above. Our ability to draw on our credit facility and the OEG revolving credit facility is subject to the satisfaction of provisions of the credit facility and the OEG revolving credit facility, as applicable.

Our outstanding principal debt agreements are described below. At December 31, 2023, there were no defaults under the covenants related to our outstanding debt.

Principal Debt Agreements

Credit Facility. On May 18, 2023, we entered into a Credit Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) among the Company, as a guarantor, the Operating Partnership, as borrower, certain other subsidiaries of the Company party thereto, as guarantors, certain subsidiaries of the Company party thereto, as pledgors, the lenders party thereto and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as administrative agent, which replaced the Company’s previous credit facility. The Credit Agreement provides for a $700.0 million revolving credit facility (the “Revolver”) and a $500.0 million senior secured term loan B (the “Term Loan B”), as well as an accordion feature that will allow us to increase the facilities following the closing date by an aggregate of up to $475 million, which may be allocated between the Revolver and the Term Loan B at our option.

Each of the Revolver and Term Loan B is guaranteed by us, each of our subsidiaries that own the Gaylord Hotels properties, other than Gaylord Rockies, and certain of our other subsidiaries. Each of the Revolver and the Term Loan B is secured by equity pledges of our subsidiaries that are the fee owners of Gaylord Opryland and Gaylord Texan, their respective direct and indirect parent entities, and the equity of Ryman Hotel Operations Holdco, LLC, a wholly-owned indirect subsidiary of the Company. Assets and equity of Gaylord Rockies and OEG are not subject to the liens of the Credit Agreement.

In addition, each of the Revolver and Term Loan B contains certain covenants which, among other things, limit the incurrence of additional indebtedness, investments, dividends, transactions with affiliates, asset sales, acquisitions, mergers and consolidations, liens and encumbrances and other matters customarily restricted in such agreements. The material financial covenants, ratios or tests contained in the Credit Agreement are as follows:

• We must maintain a consolidated net leverage ratio of not greater than 6.50x.
• We must maintain a consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio of not less than 1.50x.
• Our secured indebtedness must not exceed 30% of consolidated total asset value.
• Our secured recourse indebtedness must not exceed 10% of consolidated total asset value.
• Unencumbered leverage ratio must not exceed 55% (with the ability to surge to 60% in connection with a material acquisition).
• Unencumbered adjusted NOI to unsecured interest expense ratio must not exceed 2.0x.

If an event of default shall occur and be continuing under the Credit Agreement, the commitments under the Credit Agreement may be terminated and the principal amount outstanding under the Credit Agreement, together with all accrued unpaid interest and other amounts owing in respect thereof, may be declared immediately due and payable.

Revolving Credit Facility. The maturity date of the Revolver is May 18, 2027, with the option to extend the maturity date for a maximum of one additional year through either (i) a single 12-month extension option or (ii) two individual six-month extensions. Borrowings under the Revolver bear interest at an annual rate equal to, at our option, either (i) Adjusted Term SOFR plus the applicable margin ranging from 1.40% to 2.00%, dependent upon our funded debt to total asset value ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement), (ii) Adjusted Daily Simply SOFR plus the applicable margin ranging from 1.40% to 2.00%, dependent on our funded debt to total asset value ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement) or (iii) a base rate as set in the Credit Agreement plus the applicable margin ranging from 0.40% to 1.00%, dependent upon our funded debt to asset value ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement). Principal is payable in full at maturity, and the Revolver was undrawn at closing.

For purposes of the Revolver, Adjusted Term SOFR is calculated as the sum of Term SOFR plus an adjustment of 0.10% (all as more specifically described in the Credit Agreement), subject to a floor of 0.00%. Adjusted Daily Simple SOFR is calculated as the sum of SOFR plus an adjustment of 0.10% (all as more specifically described in the Credit Agreement), subject to a floor of 0.00%.

At December 31, 2023, no amounts were outstanding under the Revolver, and the lending banks had issued $14.6 million of letters of credit under the Credit Agreement, which left $685.4 million of availability under the Revolver (subject to the satisfaction of debt incurrence tests under the indentures governing our $600 million in aggregate principal amount of senior notes due 2029 (the “$600 Million 4.50% Senior Notes”), our $700 million in aggregate principal amount of senior notes due 2027 (the “$700 Million 4.75% Senior Notes”) and our $400 Million 7.25% Senior Notes, which we met at December 31, 2023).

Term Loan B. The Term Loan B has a maturity date of May 18, 2030. The applicable interest rate margins for borrowings under the Term Loan B are, at our option, either (i) Term SOFR plus 2.75%, (ii) Daily Simple SOFR plus 2.75% or (iii) a base rate as set in the Credit Agreement plus 1.75%. At December 31, 2023, the interest rate on the Term Loan B was Term SOFR plus 2.75%. The Term Loan B amortizes in equal quarterly installments in aggregate annual amounts equal to 1.0% of the original principal amount of $500.0 million, with the balance due at maturity. In addition, if for any fiscal year there is Excess Cash Flow (as defined in the Credit Agreement), an additional principal amount is required. Amounts borrowed under the Term Loan B that are repaid or prepaid may not be reborrowed. At December 31, 2023, $496.3 million in borrowings were outstanding under the Term Loan B. A portion of the proceeds from the Term Loan B were used to repay in full the approximately $370 million balance of our previous term loan B.

For purposes of the Term Loan B, each of Term SOFR and Daily Simply SOFR are subject to a floor of 0.00%.

$700 Million 4.75% Senior Notes. In September 2019, the Operating Partnership and RHP Finance Corporation (“Finco”) completed the private placement of $500.0 million in aggregate principal amount of senior notes due 2027, which are guaranteed by the Company and its subsidiaries that guarantee the Credit Agreement. The $500 Million 4.75% Senior Notes and guarantees were issued pursuant to an indenture by and among the issuing subsidiaries and the guarantors and U.S. Bank National Association as trustee. The $500 Million 4.75% Senior Notes have a maturity date of October 15, 2027 and bear interest at 4.75% per annum, payable semi-annually in cash in arrears on April 15 and October 15 of each year. The $500 Million 4.75% Senior Notes are general unsecured and unsubordinated obligations of the issuing subsidiaries and rank equal in right of payment with such subsidiaries’ existing and future senior unsecured indebtedness, including the $600 Million 4.50% Senior Notes, and senior in right of payment to future subordinated indebtedness, if any. The $500 Million 4.75% Senior Notes are effectively subordinated to the issuing subsidiaries’ secured indebtedness to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness. The guarantees rank equally in right of payment with the applicable guarantor’s existing and future senior unsecured indebtedness and senior in right of payment to any future subordinated indebtedness of such guarantor. The $500 Million 4.75% Senior Notes are effectively subordinated to any secured indebtedness of any guarantor to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness and structurally subordinated to all indebtedness and other obligations of the Operating Partnership’s subsidiaries that do not guarantee the $500 Million 4.75% Senior Notes.

In October 2019, we completed a tack-on private placement of $200.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 4.75% senior notes due 2027 (the “additional 2027 notes”) at an issue price of 101.250% of their aggregate principal amount plus accrued interest from the September 19, 2019 issue date for the $500 Million 4.75% Senior Notes. The additional 2027 notes and the $500 Million 4.75% Senior Notes constitute a single class of securities (collectively, the “$700 Million 4.75% Senior Notes”). All other terms and conditions of the additional 2027 notes are identical to the $500 Million 4.75% Senior Notes.

The $700 Million 4.75% Senior Notes are currently redeemable, in whole or in part, at a redemption price expressed as a percentage of the principal amount thereof, which percentage is 102.375%, 101.188%, and 100.00% beginning on October 15 of 2023, 2024, and 2025, respectively, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon to, but not including, the redemption date.

We completed a registered offer to exchange the $700 Million 4.75% Senior Notes for registered notes with substantially identical terms as the $700 Million 4.75% Senior Notes in July 2020.

$400 Million 7.25% Senior Notes. On June 22, 2023, the Operating Partnership and Finco completed the private placement of $400.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 7.25% senior notes due 2028, which are guaranteed by the Company and its subsidiaries that guarantee the Credit Agreement. The $400 Million 7.25% Senior Notes and guarantees were issued pursuant to an indenture by and among the issuing subsidiaries, the guarantors and U.S. Bank Trust Company National Association as trustee. The $400 Million 7.25% Senior Notes have a maturity date of July 15, 2028 and bear interest at 7.25% per annum, payable semi-annually in cash in arrears on January 15 and July 15 each year, beginning January 15, 2024. The $400 Million 7.25% Senior Notes are general unsecured and unsubordinated obligations of the issuing subsidiaries and rank equal in right of payment with such subsidiaries’ existing and future senior unsecured indebtedness, including the $700 Million 4.75% Senior Notes and $600 Million 4.50% Senior Notes, and senior in right of payment to future subordinated indebtedness, if any. The $400 Million 7.25% Senior Notes are effectively subordinated to the issuing subsidiaries’ secured indebtedness to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness. The guarantees rank equally in right of payment with the applicable guarantor’s existing and future senior unsecured indebtedness and senior in right of payment to any future subordinated indebtedness of such guarantor. The $400 Million 7.25% Senior Notes are effectively subordinated to any secured indebtedness of any guarantor to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness and structurally subordinated to all indebtedness and other obligations of the Operating Partnership’s subsidiaries that do not guarantee the $400 Million 7.25% Senior Notes.

The $400 Million 7.25% Senior Notes are redeemable before July 15, 2025, in whole or in part, at 100.00%, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon to, but not including, the redemption date, plus a make-whole premium. The $400 Million 7.25% Senior Notes will be redeemable, in whole or in part, at any time on or after July 15, 2025 at a redemption price expressed as a percentage of the principal amount thereof, which percentage is 103.625%, 101.813% and

100.000% beginning on July 15 of 2025, 2026, and 2027, respectively, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon to, but not including, the redemption date.

$600 Million 4.50% Senior Notes. On February 17, 2021, the Operating Partnership and Finco completed the private placement of $600.0 million in aggregate principal amount of senior notes due 2029, which are guaranteed by the Company and its subsidiaries that guarantee the Credit Agreement. The $600 Million 4.50% Senior Notes and guarantees were issued pursuant to an indenture by and among the issuing subsidiaries and the guarantors and U.S. Bank National Association as trustee. The $600 Million 4.50% Senior Notes have a maturity date of February 15, 2029 and bear interest at 4.50% per annum, payable semi-annually in cash in arrears on February 15 and August 15 each year. The $600 Million 4.50% Senior Notes are general unsecured and unsubordinated obligations of the issuing subsidiaries and rank equal in right of payment with such subsidiaries’ existing and future senior unsecured indebtedness, including the $700 Million 4.75% Senior Notes, and senior in right of payment to future subordinated indebtedness, if any. The $600 Million 4.50% Senior Notes are effectively subordinated to the issuing subsidiaries’ secured indebtedness to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness. The guarantees rank equally in right of payment with the applicable guarantor’s existing and future senior unsecured indebtedness and senior in right of payment to any future subordinated indebtedness of such guarantor. The $600 Million 4.50% Senior Notes are effectively subordinated to any secured indebtedness of any guarantor to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness and structurally subordinated to all indebtedness and other obligations of the Operating Partnership’s subsidiaries that do not guarantee the $600 Million 4.50% Senior Notes.

The $600 Million 4.50% Senior Notes are redeemable before February 15, 2024, in whole or in part, at 100.00%, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon to, but not including, the redemption date, plus a make-whole premium. The $600 Million 4.50% Senior Notes will be redeemable, in whole or in part, at any time on or after February 15, 2024 at a redemption price expressed as a percentage of the principal amount thereof, which percentage is 102.250%, 101.500%, 100.750%, and 100.000% beginning on February 15 of 2024, 2025, 2026, and 2027, respectively, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon to, but not including, the redemption date.

Each of the indentures governing the $700 Million 4.75% Senior Notes, the $600 Million 4.50% Senior Notes and the $400 Million 7.25% Senior Notes contain certain covenants which, among other things and subject to certain exceptions and qualifications, limit the incurrence of additional indebtedness, investments, dividends, transactions with affiliates, assets sales, acquisitions, mergers and consolidations, liens and encumbrances and other matters customarily restricted in such agreements. In addition, if the Company experiences certain kinds of changes of control, the Company must offer to repurchase some or all of the senior notes at 101% of their principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, up to, but excluding, the repurchase date.

$800 Million Term Loan (Gaylord Rockies). On July 2, 2019, Aurora Convention Center Hotel, LLC (“Hotel Owner”) and Aurora Convention Center Hotel Lessee, LLC (“Tenant” and collectively with Hotel Owner, the “Loan Parties”), subsidiaries of the entities comprising the previous Gaylord Rockies joint venture, entered into a Second Amended and Restated Loan Agreement (the “Gaylord Rockies Loan”) with Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as administrative agent, which refinanced Gaylord Rockies’s existing $500 million construction loan and $39 million mezzanine loan, which were scheduled to mature in December 2019. The Gaylord Rockies Loan consists of an $800.0 million secured term loan facility and matures July 2, 2024 with two, one-year extension options remaining, subject to certain requirements in the Gaylord Rockies Loan. The first one-year extension option was successfully completed in May 2023. The Gaylord Rockies Loan bears interest at Adjusted Daily Simple SOFR plus 2.50%. We have entered into an interest rate swap to fix the SOFR portion of the interest rate at 5.2105% for the fifth year of the loan. We have designated this interest rate swap as an effective cash flow hedge.

The Gaylord Rockies Loan is secured by a deed of trust lien on the Gaylord Rockies real estate and related assets. Generally, the Gaylord Rockies Loan is non-recourse to the Company, subject to customary non-recourse carve-outs.

On June 30, 2020, the Loan Parties entered into Amendment No. 1 (the “Loan Amendment”) to the Gaylord Rockies Loan, by and among the Loan Parties, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as administrative agent, and the lenders from time to time party thereto. The Loan Amendment modified the Gaylord Rockies Loan to (i) provide for the ability to use cash for certain purposes, even during a Cash Sweep Period (as defined in the Loan Agreement) and (ii) provide favorable changes to the debt service coverage ratio provisions. The Loan Amendment includes restrictions on distributions to our subsidiaries that own Gaylord Rockies.

Further, on May 2, 2023, the Loan Parties entered into a Benchmark Replacement Modification Agreement to the Gaylord Rockies Loan Agreement, which replaced LIBOR with Adjusted Daily Simple SOFR.

OEG Credit Agreement. On June 16, 2022, OEG Borrower, LLC (“OEG Borrower”) and OEG Finance, LLC (“OEG Finance”), each a wholly owned direct or indirect subsidiary of OEG, entered into a credit agreement (the “OEG Credit Agreement”) among OEG Borrower, as borrower, OEG Finance, certain subsidiaries of OEG Borrower from time to time party thereto as guarantors, the lenders party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent. The OEG Credit Agreement provides for (i) a senior secured term loan facility in the aggregate principal amount of $300.0 million (the “OEG Term Loan”) and (ii) a senior secured revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount not to exceed $65.0 million (the “OEG Revolver”). The OEG Term Loan matures on June 16, 2029, and the OEG Revolver matures on June 16, 2027. The OEG Term Loan bears interest at a rate equal to either, at OEG Borrower’s election, (i) the Alternate Base Rate plus 4.00% or (ii) Adjusted Term SOFR plus 5.00% (all as specifically more described in the OEG Credit Agreement). In November 2022, OEG entered into an interest rate swap to fix the SOFR portion of the interest rate on $100.0 million of borrowings at 4.533% through December 2025. The OEG Revolver bears interest at a rate equal to either, at OEG Borrower’s election, (i) the Alternate Base Rate plus 3.75% or (ii) Adjusted Term SOFR plus 4.25%, which shall be subject to reduction in the applicable margin based upon OEG’s First Lien Leverage Ratio (all as specifically more described in the OEG Credit Agreement). The OEG Term Loan and OEG Revolver are each secured by substantially all of the assets of OEG Finance and each of its subsidiaries (other than Block 21 and Circle, as more specifically described in the OEG Credit Agreement). The net proceeds we received from the OEG Term Loan were used to repay the outstanding balance of our former term loan A. At December 31, 2023, $296.3 million was outstanding under the OEG Term Loan and $5.0 million was outstanding under the OEG Revolver.

Block 21 CMBS Loan. At the closing of the purchase of Block 21 on May 31, 2022, a subsidiary of the Company assumed a $136 million, ten-year, non-recourse term loan secured by a mortgage on Block 21 (the “Block 21 CMBS Loan”). The Block 21 CMBS Loan has a fixed interest rate of 5.58% per annum, payable monthly, matures January 5, 2026, and provides for payments due monthly based on a 30-year amortization. At December 31, 2023, $131.9 million was outstanding under the Block 21 CMBS Loan.

The Block 21 CMBS Loan contains customary financial covenants and other restrictions, including sponsor net worth and liquidity requirements, and debt service coverage ratio targets that Block 21 must meet in order to avoid a “Trigger Period,” the occurrence of which does not constitute a default. During the Trigger Period, any cash generated in excess of amounts necessary to fund loan obligations, budgeted operating expenses and specified reserves will not be distributed to Block 21. Block 21 was in a Trigger Period as of our purchase date but exited the Trigger Period with first quarter 2023 results.

Additional Debt Limitations. Pursuant to the terms of the management agreements and pooling agreement with Marriott for our Gaylord Hotels properties, excluding Gaylord Rockies, we are subject to certain debt limitations described below.

The management agreements provide for the following limitations on indebtedness encumbering a hotel:

• The aggregate principal balance of all mortgage and mezzanine debt encumbering the hotel shall be no greater than 75% of the fair market value of the hotel; and
• The ratio of (a) aggregate Operating Profit (as defined in the management agreement) in the 12 months prior to the closing on the mortgage or mezzanine debt to (b) annual debt service for the hotel shall equal or exceed 1.2:1; but is subject to the pooling agreement described below.

The pooled limitations on Secured Debt (as defined in the pooling agreement) are as follows:

• The aggregate principal balance of all mortgage and mezzanine debt on Pooled Hotels (as defined in the pooling agreement), shall be no more than 75% of the fair market value of Pooled Hotels.
• The ratio of (a) aggregate Operating Profit (as defined in the pooling agreement) of Pooled Hotels in the 12 months prior to closing on any mortgage or mezzanine debt, to (b) annual debt service for the Pooled Hotels, shall equal or exceed 1.2:1.

Gaylord Rockies is not a Pooled Hotel for this purpose.

Estimated Interest on Principal Debt Agreements

Based on the stated interest rates on our fixed-rate debt and the rates in effect at December 31, 2023 for our variable-rate debt after considering interest rate swaps, our estimated interest obligations over the next five years are $783.9 million. These estimated obligations are $198.5 million in 2024, $166.4 million in 2025, $158.5 million in 2026, $150.6 million in 2027, and $110.0 million in 2028. Variable rates, as well as outstanding principal balances, could change in future periods. See “Principal Debt Agreements” above for a discussion of our outstanding long-term debt. See “Supplemental Cash Flow Information” in Note 1 to our consolidated financial statements included herein for a discussion of the interest we paid during 2023, 2022 and 2021.

Inflation

Inflation has had a more meaningful impact on our business during recent periods than in historical periods. However, favorable occupancy, ADR and outside-the-room spend in our Hospitality segment and business levels in our Entertainment segment have reduced the impact of increased operating costs, including increased wages and increased insurance and food and beverage costs, on our financial position and results of operations.

Additionally, increased interest rates have driven higher interest expense on our higher debt levels. In an effort to mitigate the impact of increased interest rates, at December 31, 2023, 80% of our outstanding debt is fixed-rate debt, after considering the impact of interest rate swaps.

We continue to monitor inflationary pressures and may need to consider potential mitigation actions in future periods. A prolonged inflationary environment could adversely affect our operating costs, customer spending and bookings, and our financial results.

Supplemental Guarantor Financial Information

The Company’s $400 Million 7.25% Senior Notes, $600 Million 4.50% Senior Notes and $700 Million 4.75% Senior Notes were each issued by the Issuers and are guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis by the Company (as the parent company), each of the Operating Partnership’s subsidiaries that own the Gaylord Hotels properties, excluding Gaylord Rockies, and certain other of the Company’s subsidiaries, each of which also guarantees the Operating Partnership’s Credit Agreement, as amended (such subsidiary guarantors, together with the Company, the “Guarantors”). The Guarantors are 100% owned by the Operating Partnership or the Company, and the guarantees are full and unconditional and joint and several. The guarantees rank equally in right of payment with each Guarantor’s existing and future senior unsecured indebtedness and senior in right of payment to all future subordinated indebtedness, if any, of such Guarantor. Not all of the Company’s subsidiaries have guaranteed these senior notes, and the guarantees are structurally subordinated to all indebtedness and other obligations of such subsidiaries that have not guaranteed these senior notes.

The following tables present summarized financial information for the Issuers and the Guarantors on a combined basis and the intercompany balances and transactions between these parties, as well as any investments in or equity in earnings from non-guarantor subsidiaries, have been eliminated (amounts in thousands):

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” discusses our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Accounting estimates are an integral part of the preparation of the consolidated financial statements and the financial reporting process and are based upon current judgments. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reported period. Certain accounting estimates are particularly sensitive because of their complexity and the possibility that future events affecting them may differ materially from our current judgments and estimates.

This listing of critical accounting policies is not intended to be a comprehensive list of all of our accounting policies. In many cases, the accounting treatment of a particular transaction is specifically dictated by generally accepted accounting principles, with no need for management’s judgment regarding accounting policy. We believe that of our significant accounting policies, which are discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements included herein, the following involve a higher degree of judgment and complexity.

Impairment of long-lived and other assets. In accounting for our long-lived and other assets, we assess our long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets or asset groups may not be recoverable. Factors we consider when assessing whether impairment indicators exist include (i) significant under-performance relative to historical or projected future operating results, (ii) significant changes in the manner of our use of assets or the strategy for our overall business, or (iii) significant negative industry or economic trends.

Recoverability of property and equipment and definite-lived intangible assets that will continue to be used is measured by comparing the carrying amount of the asset or asset group to the related total future undiscounted net cash flows. If an asset or asset group’s carrying value is not recoverable through those cash flows, the asset group is considered to be impaired. The impairment is measured by the difference between the assets’ carrying amount and their fair value, which is estimated using discounted cash flow analyses that utilize comprehensive cash flow projections, as well as observable market data to the extent available. Estimating the total future undiscounted net cash flows, as well as the fair value of assets or asset groups, if necessary, requires management to make assumptions and projections of future cash flows, long-term growth rates, asset holding periods, and other factors. The assumptions used to assess impairment consider historical trends, macroeconomic conditions, and projections consistent with our operating strategy. Changes in these estimates and assumptions can have a significant impact on the assessment, which could result in material impairment losses.

Credit losses on financial assets. We assess our financial assets, including the bonds we received in 2008 related to the Gaylord National construction (“Gaylord National Bonds”), and our accounts receivable for credit losses utilizing the expected loss model prescribed by ASC 326, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses,” and record a reserve, in the form of an allowance for credit losses, against the amortized cost basis for the portion of the financial asset that will not be recovered due to credit losses.

We provide credit loss reserves for the Gaylord National Bonds by comparing the amortized cost basis to their fair value. If the amortized cost basis exceeds the fair value, an expected credit loss exists and the allowance for credit losses is measured as the difference between the bonds’ amortized cost basis and fair value, which is estimated using discounted cash flow analyses that utilize comprehensive cash flow projections over the contractual life of the bonds, as well as observable market data to the extent available. Our estimate of the fair value of the Gaylord National Bonds is sensitive to the significant assumptions of the discounted cash flow analysis, which include the projections of hotel taxes (which are based on expected hotel rooms revenues) and property taxes, both of which are affected by expectations about future market and economic conditions, particularly those in the Washington D.C. market. Further, such assumptions require significant judgment as the Gaylord National Bonds and related projected cash flows continue for an extended period of time through 2037.

We provide for credit loss reserves for trade receivables based upon a percentage of accounts receivable that considers historical write-offs, current economic conditions, and management’s expectations about future economic conditions, as well as periodic evaluations of the aging of accounts receivable.

Income taxes. As a REIT, generally we will not be subject to federal corporate income taxes on ordinary taxable income and capital gains income from real estate investments that we distribute to our stockholders. We will continue to be required to pay federal and state corporate income taxes on earnings of our TRSs.

Our deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases, using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled.

We must assess the likelihood that we will be able to recover our deferred tax assets. If recovery is not likely, the provision for taxes is increased by recording a reserve, in the form of a valuation allowance, against the estimated deferred tax assets that will not ultimately be recoverable.

In addition, we must evaluate uncertainties in the application of complex tax regulations in the calculation of tax liabilities. We provide for uncertain tax positions and the related interest and penalties based upon management’s assessment of whether a tax benefit is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by tax authorities. We make this assessment based on only the technical merits of the tax position. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, we had no accruals for unrecognized tax benefits. We recognize interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions, if any, in income tax expense. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, we have accrued no interest or penalties related to uncertain tax positions.

Acquisitions and Purchase Price Allocations. Accounting for the acquisition of an entity as a business combination, becoming the primary beneficiary of a previously unconsolidated variable interest entity, or a significant asset acquisition requires an allocation of the purchase price to the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed in the transaction based on their respective estimated fair values, which requires us to make significant estimates and assumptions regarding the fair value of the acquired assets and liabilities assumed. We may engage third parties to provide valuation services to assist in the fair value determinations of the long-lived assets acquired and the liabilities assumed. The most difficult estimations of individual fair values are those involving long-lived assets, such as property, equipment, and intangible assets, that are assumed as part of the transaction, as well as any noncontrolling interests. When making fair value determinations, we consider market data for similar assets, expected cash flows discounted at risk-adjusted rates, and replacement cost for assets, among other information. Management judgment is required when making the significant assumptions used to value long-lived and identifiable intangible assets, which include projected revenue growth, estimated cash flows, discount rates, and other factors.

Legal Contingencies. We are subject to various legal proceedings and claims, the outcomes of which are subject to significant uncertainty. We record an accrual for loss contingencies when a loss is probable and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated, the determination of which requires significant judgment. We review these accruals each reporting period and make revisions based on changes in facts and circumstances, but resolution of legal matters in a manner inconsistent with our expectations could have a material impact on our financial condition and operating results.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

For a discussion of recently issued accounting standards, see Note 1 to our consolidated financial statements included herein.

Market risk is the risk of loss arising from adverse changes in market rates and prices, such as interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates and commodity prices. Our primary exposures to market risk are from changes in interest rates, including the rising interest rates experienced in recent years, and changes in asset values of investments that fund our pension plan. See Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” and Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for more discussion on how interest rate increases affect our operations and financial condition.

Risk Related to Changes in Interest Rates

At December 31, 2023, borrowings outstanding under the Term Loan B bore interest at an annual rate of SOFR plus 2.75%. If SOFR were to increase by 100 basis points, our annual interest cost on the $496.3 million in borrowings outstanding at December 31, 2023 would increase by approximately $5.0 million.

At December 31, 2023, borrowings outstanding under the Gaylord Rockies Loan bore interest at an annual rate of SOFR plus 2.50%. We have hedged our interest rate exposure with an interest rate swap that fixes the SOFR portion of interest payments through July 2024. If we do not enter into an additional interest rate swap, and we extend the maturity date of the Gaylord Rockies Loan beyond July 2024, we will be subject to interest rate risk under the Gaylord Rockies Loan from July 2024 through the extended maturity date.

At December 31, 2023, borrowings outstanding under the OEG Term Loan bore interest at an annual rate of SOFR plus 5.00%. We have hedged our interest rate exposure on $100.0 million of borrowings under the OEG Term Loan with an interest rate swap that fixes the SOFR portion of interest payments through December 2025. If Adjusted Term SOFR were to increase by 100 basis points, our annual interest cost on the $196.3 million in borrowings outstanding under the OEG Term Loan that are not hedged at December 31, 2023 would increase by approximately $2.0 million.

Certain of our outstanding cash balances are occasionally invested overnight with high credit quality financial institutions. We do not have significant exposure to changing interest rates on invested cash at December 31, 2023. As a result, the interest rate market risk implicit in these investments at December 31, 2023, if any, is low.

Risk Related to Changes in Asset Values that Fund our Pension Plans

The expected rates of return on the assets that fund our defined benefit pension plan are based on the asset allocation of the plan and the long-term projected return on those assets, which represent a diversified mix of equity securities, fixed income securities and cash. At December 31, 2023, the value of the investments in the pension fund was $52.6 million, and an immediate ten percent decrease in the value of the investments in the fund would have reduced the value of the fund by approximately $5.3 million.

Summary

Based upon our overall market risk exposures at December 31, 2023, we believe that the effects of changes in interest rates related to our borrowings and asset values of investments that fund our pension plan could be material to our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Conclusion Regarding the Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined under Rule 13a-15(e) and Rule 15d-15(e) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report. Based on this evaluation, our principal executive officer and our principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective, as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report.

Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that:

• pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company;
• provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and
• provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Management assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) in Internal Control - Integrated Framework.

Based on management’s assessment and those criteria, management believes that, as of December 31, 2023, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective.

On June 30, 2023, we acquired JW Marriott Hill Country. We are currently in the process of assessing JW Marriott Hill Country’s internal control over financial reporting and integrating the entity’s internal control over financial reporting with our existing internal control over financial reporting. As permitted by SEC regulations, we have excluded JW Marriott Hill Country from our assessment of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023 since we acquired the entity in June 2023. JW Marriott Hill Country constituted 16.4% and 4.3% of total assets and total revenues, respectively, as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023.

The Company’s independent registered public accounting firm, Ernst & Young LLP, has issued an attestation report on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting, which is included herein.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended December 31, 2023 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.