Advanced Energy Industries Inc: Form 10-Q for the period ended Mar 31, 2024

This management discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, which was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 20, 2024 (“2023 Form 10-K”).

Special Note on Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains, in addition to historical information, forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Statements in this report that are not historical information are forward-looking statements. For example, statements relating to our beliefs, expectations, and plans are forward-looking statements, as are statements that certain actions, conditions, events, or circumstances will continue. The inclusion of words such as “anticipate,” “expect,” “estimate,” “can,” “may,” “might,” “continue,” “enable,” “plan,” “intend,” “should,” “could,” “would,” “will,” “likely,” “potential,” “believe,” and similar expressions and the negative versions thereof indicate forward-looking statements; however, not all forward-looking statements may contain such words or expressions. These forward-looking statements are based upon information available as of the date of this report and management’s current estimates, forecasts, and assumptions. Although we believe that our expectations reflected in or suggested by these forward-looking statements are reasonable, we may not achieve the results, performance, plans, or objectives expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties, which are difficult to predict and many of which are beyond our control.

Risks and uncertainties to which our forward-looking statements are subject include:

• volatility and business fluctuations in the industries in which we compete;
• our ability to achieve design wins with new and existing customers;
• our ability to accurately forecast and meet customer demand;
• risks related to global economic conditions, including, but not limited to, the impact of escalating global conflicts on macroeconomic conditions, economic uncertainty, market volatility, rising interest rates, inflation, or recession;
• risks inherent in our international operations, including the effect of trade and export controls, political and geographical risks, fluctuations in currency exchange rates;
• customer price sensitivity;
• concentration of our customer base;
• risks associated with breach of our information security measures;
• our loss of or inability to attract and retain key personnel;
• disruptions to our manufacturing operations or those of our customers or suppliers;
• risks associated with our manufacturing footprint optimization and movement of manufacturing locations for certain products;
• our ability to successfully identify, close, integrate and realize anticipated benefits from our acquisitions;
• quality issues or unanticipated costs in fulfilling our warranty obligations (including our discontinued solar inverter product line), and adequacy of our warranty reserves;
• our ability to enforce, protect and maintain our proprietary technology and intellectual property rights;
• our ability to achieve cost savings, profitability, and gross margin goals;
• changes to tax laws and regulations or our tax rates;
• changes in federal, state, local and foreign regulations, including with respect to privacy and data protection, and environmental regulation;
• effect of our debt obligations and restrictive covenants on our ability to operate our business;
• risks related to our unfunded pension obligations;
• restructuring and severance activities;
• legal matters, claims, and proceedings;
• our estimates of the fair value of intangible assets; and
• the potential impact of dilution related to our convertible debt, hedge, and warrant transactions.

Actual results could differ materially and adversely from those expressed in any forward-looking statements, and readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. Factors that could contribute to these differences or prove our forward-looking statements, by hindsight, to be overly optimistic or unachievable include, but are not limited to, the risks and uncertainties listed above and described in Part I, Item 1A in the 2023 Form 10-K. We assume no obligation to update any forward-looking statement or provide the reasons why our actual results might differ.

BUSINESS AND MARKET OVERVIEW

Company Overview

Advanced Energy provides highly engineered, critical, precision power conversion, measurement, and control solutions to our global customers. We design, manufacture, sell and support precision power products that transform, refine, and modify the raw electrical power coming from either the utility or the building facility and convert it into various types of highly controllable, usable power that is predictable, repeatable, and customizable to meet the necessary requirements for powering a wide range of complex equipment. Many of our products enable customers to reduce or optimize their energy consumption through increased power conversion efficiency, power density, power coupling, and process control across a wide range of applications.

We are organized on a global, functional basis and operate as a single segment of power electronics conversion products. Within this segment, our products are sold into the Semiconductor Equipment, Industrial and Medical, Data Center Computing, and Telecom and Networking markets.

Product and Services

Our precision power products and solutions are designed to enable new process technologies, improve productivity, lower the cost of ownership, and provide critical power capabilities for our customers. These products are designed to meet our customers’ demanding requirements in efficiency, flexibility, performance, and reliability. The majority of Advanced Energy’s products are capable of meeting various customer requirements. We also provide repair and maintenance services for our products.

Our plasma power products offer solutions to enable innovation in complex semiconductor and thin film plasma processes such as dry etch and deposition. Our broad portfolio of high and low voltage power products are used in a wide range of applications, such as semiconductor equipment, industrial production, medical and life science equipment, data center computing, networking, and telecommunications. We also supply related sensing, controls, and instrumentation products primarily for advanced measurement and calibration of power and temperature for multiple industrial markets. Our network of global service support centers provides repair services, calibration, conversions, upgrades, refurbishments, and used equipment to companies using our products.

Our service group offers warranty and after-market repair services, providing our customers with preventive maintenance opportunities to support a lower cost of ownership and higher utilization for their capital equipment. We offer comprehensive repair service and customer support through our worldwide support organization. Support services include warranty and non-warranty repair services, calibration, upgrades, and refurbishments of our products.

End Markets Summary

The demand environment in each of our markets is impacted by macroeconomic conditions, various market trends, customer buying patterns, design wins, and other factors. Although we are currently experiencing a lower demand environment, we continue to believe that the long-term market growth drivers support our long-term strategy, research and development efforts, and capital investments. However, in the short-term it is unclear how certain macroeconomic conditions, including higher interest rates impacting end customers’ capital investment and customer buying patterns, will affect customer demand and our revenue.

Semiconductor Equipment Market

In the first quarter of 2024, the ongoing Semiconductor Equipment market downturn continued to limit our business. The market entered a downturn beginning in the fourth quarter of 2022 due to a combination of unfavorable macroeconomic conditions, overcapacity in the market for memory devices, prolonged weakness in demand for consumer electronics, built up semiconductor inventory consumption resulting in falling manufacturing utilization, and U.S. export restrictions to China for certain semiconductor equipment.

Although we expect these factors to continue to impact our business levels in the near term, we believe the long-term growth drivers for demand in this market will resume due to the need for more manufacturing capacity to support expected demand growth for semiconductor devices and related capital equipment.

Industrial and Medical Market

Following a year of record revenue in the Industrial and Medical market, starting in the second half of 2023, we began to experience the impact of weaker macroeconomic conditions on our demand. In addition, in the first quarter of 2024, we saw a rebalancing of customers’ inventories as a result of fulfilling outstanding backlog and shorter lead times for our products. This trend accelerated in the first quarter of 2024. While we believe the long term growth drivers in these markets remain strong, we expect these factors will continue to limit our revenue levels in the near term.

Data Center Computing Market

While there is increased demand for high end computing applications, such as artificial intelligence, continued slow demand in the enterprise server and storage market and timing of large customer orders impacted our revenue in the first quarter of 2024. However, we are beginning to see indications of recovery in this market driven by hyperscale and artificial intelligence investments.

Telecom and Networking Market

Starting in 2023, leading companies in this market reported weak demand, and the slower demand environment continued in 2024. In addition, we experienced the impact of customers rebalancing inventories as a result of fulfilling outstanding backlog and shorter lead times for our products.

Results of Continuing Operations

The analysis presented below is organized to provide the information we believe will be helpful for understanding of our historical performance and relevant trends going forward and should be read in conjunction with our “Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements” in Part I, Item 1 of this report, including the notes thereto. Also included in the following analysis are measures that are not prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). A reconciliation of the non-GAAP measures to U.S. GAAP is provided below.

The following table sets forth certain data derived from our Consolidated Statements of Operations (in thousands):

Revenue

The following tables summarize net sales and percentages of net sales, by markets (in thousands):

Total revenue decreased from the same period in the prior year due to a cyclical downturn in the semiconductor and data center industries as well as lower demand within our Industrial and Medical and Telecom and Networking markets.

Revenue by Market

(in thousands)

The decrease in Semiconductor Equipment revenue was primarily due to an ongoing cyclical downturn in the semiconductor industry.

(in thousands)

The decrease in Industrial and Medical revenue was primarily due to lower demand and reduction of customers’ inventories.

(in thousands)

The decrease in Data Center Computing revenue was due to the cyclical downturn in the data center server and storage market and timing of large hyperscale programs at some customers.

(in thousands)

The decrease in Telecom and Networking revenue was due to a slowing demand environment, reduced capital spend, and inventory rebalancing from our customers following a strong 2023.

Gross Profit and Gross Margin

(in thousands)

The decrease in gross profit was largely due to the decline in revenue and higher operating costs based on investments made in 2023. Gross margin percentage declined year over year primarily due to a decline in volume across all markets, which drove lower utilization in the manufacturing operations. This was partially offset by favorable product mix due to the overall revenue decline being weighted towards lower margin products. Additionally, we paid lower premiums for scarce parts compared to previous periods.

Operating Expenses

The following table summarizes our operating expenses (in thousands) and as a percentage of revenue:

Research and Development

(in thousands)

The decrease in research and development was primarily driven by $1.3 million in lower program and material costs. In addition, we had a $0.4 million decline in compensation costs due to lower headcount and variable compensation, partially offset by higher stock-based compensation expense.

Selling, General and Administrative

(in thousands)

The decrease in selling, general, and administrative was primarily related to actions taken to control costs, including headcount reduction and lower variable employee compensation, partially offset by higher stock-based compensation cost.

Amortization of Intangibles Assets

(in thousands)

Amortization expense remained flat as we did not acquire any new intangible assets.

Restructuring, Asset Impairments and Other Charges

(in thousands)

The decrease in restructuring, asset impairments, and other charges is primarily driven by timing of our restructuring plan decisions. We have two restructuring plans in process, including the following:

2023 Plan

In 2023, we approved a plan intended to optimize and further consolidate our manufacturing operations and functional support groups as well as a general reduction-in-force to align our expenses to revenue levels (the “2023 Plan”). We expect additional charges of $1.0 million to $2.0 million to be incurred in future periods through the second quarter of 2025. We anticipate the 2023 Plan will be substantially completed by the end of 2024, with the final activities concluding in the second quarter of 2025.

2022 Plan

This plan was approved to further improve our operating efficiencies and drive the realization of synergies from

our business combinations by consolidating our operations, optimizing our factory footprint, including moving certain

production into our higher volume factories, reducing redundancies, and lowering our cost structure. We anticipate the

2022 Plan will be substantially completed by the end of 2024.

For additional information, see Note 11. Restructuring, Asset Impairments, and Other Charges in Part I, Item 1 “Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.”

Interest Income, Interest Expense, and Other Income (Expenses), net

(in thousands)

We experienced an increase in interest income on higher cash balances, due in part to proceeds from issuance of the Convertible Notes in the third quarter of 2023, ability to concentrate cash in investment accounts, and higher short term market interest rates.

Interest expense increased due to interest associated with the Convertible Notes and a higher interest rate on the portion of our Term Loan Facility subject to a variable interest rate. The interest rate swap contracts expire on September 10, 2024. After that date, the entire balance of our Term Loan Facility will be subject to a variable interest rate. In addition, should we have future borrowings under our Revolving Facility, those borrowings would be subject to a variable rate.

Other income (expense), net consists primarily of foreign exchange gains and losses, gains and losses on sales

of fixed assets, and other miscellaneous items. The increase in income between periods was primarily a result of higher

unrealized foreign exchange gains.

See Note 16. Long-Term Debt in Part I, Item 1 “Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements” for information regarding our Convertible Notes.

Income Tax Provision (Benefit)

The following table summarizes tax provision (in thousands) and the effective tax rate for our income from continuing operations:

Our effective tax rates differ from the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21% for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, primarily due to the benefit of earnings in foreign jurisdictions which are subject to lower tax rates, as well as tax credits, partially offset by net U.S. tax on foreign operations. The effective tax rate for 2024 was higher than the same periods in 2023 primarily due to unfavorable mix of earnings.

As of January 1, 2024, the Pillar II minimum global effective tax rate of 15% enacted by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (“OECD”) was effectuated. More than 140 countries agreed to enact the Pillar II global minimum tax. However, the timing of the implementation for each country varies. To date, we have determined that there was an immaterial global minimum tax liability as a result of Pillar II, as certain tax jurisdictions either will not have Pillar II enacted until after December 31, 2024 or satisfied the safe harbor test to prevent any minimum tax under Pillar II. We continue to monitor the jurisdictions for any changes and include any appropriate minimum tax throughout the year.

Non-GAAP Results

Management uses non-GAAP operating income and non-GAAP earnings per share (“EPS”) to evaluate business performance without the impacts of certain non-cash charges and other charges which are not part of our usual operations. We use these non-GAAP measures to assess performance against business objectives, and make business decisions, including developing budgets and forecasting future periods. In addition, management’s incentive plans include these non-GAAP measures as criteria for achievements. These non-GAAP measures are not prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and may differ from non-GAAP methods of accounting and reporting used by other companies. However, we believe these non-GAAP measures provide additional information that enables readers to evaluate our business from the perspective of management. The presentation of this additional information should not be considered a substitute for results prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

The non-GAAP results presented below exclude the impact of non-cash related charges, such as stock-based compensation, amortization of intangible assets, and long-term unrealized foreign exchange gains and losses. In addition, we exclude discontinued operations and other non-recurring items such as acquisition-related costs, facility expansion and related costs, and restructuring expenses, as they are not indicative of future performance. The tax effect of our non-GAAP adjustments represents the anticipated annual tax rate applied to each non-GAAP adjustment after consideration of their respective book and tax treatments.

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity

Adequate liquidity and cash generation is important to the execution of our strategic initiatives. Our ability to fund our operations, acquisitions, capital expenditures, and product development efforts may depend on our ability to generate cash from operating activities, which is subject to future operating performance, as well as general economic, financial, competitive, legislative, regulatory, and other conditions, some of which may be beyond our control. Our primary sources of liquidity continue to be our available cash, investments, cash generated from operations, and available borrowing capacity under the Revolving Facility (defined in Note 16. Long-Term Debt in Part I, Item 1 “Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements”).

As of March 31, 2024, our cash and cash equivalents totaled $1,017.8 million, while our available funding under our Revolving Facility was $200.0 million. Additionally, we generated $8.0 million of cash flow from continuing operations in the three months ended March 31, 2024. We believe our sources of liquidity will be adequate to meet anticipated debt service, share repurchase programs, and dividends. During the ordinary course of business, we evaluate our cash requirements and, if necessary, adjust our expenditures to reflect the current market conditions and our projected revenue and demand. Our capital expenditures are primarily directed towards manufacturing and operations and can materially influence our available cash for other initiatives.

In addition, we may, depending upon the number or size of acquisitions we pursue, seek additional debt or equity financing from time to time; however, such additional financing may not be available on acceptable terms, if at all.

Debt

On September 12, 2023, we completed a private, unregistered offering of $575.0 million Convertible Notes and received net proceeds of approximately $561.1 million after the discount for the initial purchasers’ fees. We intend to use the net proceeds to fund future growth, which may include strategic acquisitions, opportunistically repay existing outstanding indebtedness, repurchase our common stock, or general corporate purposes.

The following table summarizes our borrowings (in thousands, except for interest rates).

The interest rate swap contracts expire on September 10, 2024. After that date, the entire balance of our Term Loan Facility will be subject to a variable interest rate. In addition, should we have future borrowings under our Revolving Facility, those borrowings would be subject to a variable rate.

As of March 31, 2024, we had $200.0 million in available funding under the Revolving Facility. The Term Loan Facility requires quarterly repayments of $5.0 million plus accrued interest, with the remaining balance due in September 2026.

In addition to the available capacity on the Revolving Facility, prior to the maturity date of our Credit Agreement, we may request an increase to the financing commitments in either the Term Loan Facility or Revolving Facility by an aggregate amount not to exceed $115.0 million. Any requested increase is subject to lender approval.

For more information see Note 16. Long-Term Debt in Part I, Item 1 “Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.” For more information on the interest rate swap that fixes the interest rate for a portion of our Term Loan Facility, see Note 6. Derivative Financial Instruments in Part I, Item 1 “Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.”

Dividends

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, we paid a quarterly cash dividend of $0.10 per share, totaling $3.8 million. We currently anticipate that a cash dividend of $0.10 per share will continue to be paid on a quarterly basis, although the declaration of any future cash dividend is at the discretion of the Board and will depend on our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, business conditions, and other factors.

Cash Flows

A summary of our cash from operating, investing, and financing activities is as follows (in thousands):

Operating Activities

Net cash from operating activities from continuing operations for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was $8.0 million, as compared to $31.9 million for the same period in the prior year. The decrease of $23.9 million as compared to the same period in the prior year was primarily due to lower net income from continuing operations. Additionally, we had unfavorable decreases in accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other liabilities, as well as an unfavorable increase in inventory. This was partially offset by a favorable decrease in accounts receivable.

Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was $18.7 million, primarily driven by the following:

• $16.6 million in purchases of property and equipment largely driven by investments in our manufacturing footprint and capacity; and
• $2.1 million in purchases of investments.

Net cash used in investing for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $16.2 million due to purchases of property and equipment largely driven by investments in our manufacturing footprint and capacity.

Financing Activities

Net cash used in financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was $14.1 million and included the following:

• $5.0 million for repayment of long-term debt;
• $3.8 million for dividend payments; and
• $5.3 million in net payments related to stock-based award activities.

Net cash used in financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $10.8 million and included the following:

• $5.0 million for repayment of long-term debt;
• $3.8 million for dividend payment; and
• $2.0 million in net payments related to stock-based award activities.

Effect of Currency Translation on Cash

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, foreign currency translation had a minimal impact on cash. See “Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk” in Part I, Item 3 of this Form 10-Q for more information.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The preparation of financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires us to make judgments, assumptions and estimates that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Note 1. Summary of Operations and Significant Accounting Policies and Estimates to the consolidated financial statements in the 2023 Form 10-K describes the significant accounting policies and methods used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements. Our critical accounting estimates, discussed in the “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in Part II, Item 7 of the 2023 Form 10-K, include assessing excess and obsolete inventories, accounting for income taxes, and estimates for the valuation of assets and liabilities acquired in business combinations.

Such accounting policies and estimates require significant judgments and assumptions to be used in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements and actual results could differ materially from the amounts reported based on variability in factors affecting these estimates.

Market Risk and Risk Management

In the normal course of business, we have exposure to interest rate risk from our investments and Credit Agreement. We also have exposure to foreign exchange rate risk related to our foreign operations and foreign currency transactions.

See “Risk Factors” set forth in Part I, Item 1A of the 2023 Form 10-K and Part II of this Form 10-Q, for more information about the market risks to which we are exposed. There have been no material changes in our exposure to market risk from December 31, 2023.

Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk

We are impacted by changes in foreign currency exchange rates through revenue and purchasing transactions when we sell products and purchase materials in currencies different from the currency in which product and manufacturing costs were incurred. Our reported financial results of operations, including the reported value of our assets and liabilities, are also impacted by changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Assets and liabilities of substantially all our subsidiaries outside the U.S. are translated at period end rates of exchange for each reporting period. Operating results and cash flow statements are translated at average rates of exchange during each reporting period. Although these translation changes have no immediate cash impact, the translation changes may impact future borrowing capacity, and overall value of our net assets.

The functional currencies of our worldwide facilities primarily include the United States Dollar, Euro, South Korean Won, New Taiwan Dollar, Japanese Yen, Pound Sterling, and Chinese Yuan. We are subject to risks associated with revenue and purchasing activities and costs to operate that are denominated in currencies other than our functional currencies, such as the Singapore Dollar, Malaysian Ringgit, Mexican Peso and Philippine Peso. The impact of a change in one or more of these particular exchange rates would be immaterial.

From time to time, we may enter into foreign currency exchange rate contracts to hedge against changes in foreign currency exchange rates on assets and liabilities expected to be settled at a future date, including foreign currency, which may be required for a potential foreign acquisition. Market risk arises from the potential adverse effects on the value of derivative instruments that result from a change in foreign currency exchange rates. We may enter into foreign currency forward contracts to manage the exchange rate risk associated with intercompany debt denominated in nonfunctional currencies. We minimize our market risk applicable to foreign currency exchange rate contracts by establishing and monitoring parameters that limit the types and degree of our derivative contract instruments. We enter into derivative contract instruments for risk management purposes only. We do not enter into or issue derivatives for trading or speculative purposes.

Interest Rate Risk

Our interest rate risk exposure relates primarily to our variable rate Term Loan Facility. As of March 31, 2024 we have interest rate swap agreements in effect that fix the interest rate for $216.3 million of our Term Loan Facility at 1.17%, while $133.7 million remains at a floating rate of 6.18%.

The Term Loan Facility and Revolving Credit Facility bear interest, at our option, at a rate based on the Base Rate or SOFR, as defined in the Credit Agreement, plus an applicable margin. The interest rate swap contracts expire on September 10, 2024. After that date, the entire balance of our Term Loan Facility will be subject to a variable interest rate. In addition, should we have future borrowings under our Revolving Facility, those borrowings would be subject to a variable rate.

For more information see Note 16. Long-Term Debt in Part I, Item 1 “Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.” For more information on the interest rate swap that fixes the interest rate for a portion of our Term Loan Facility, see Note 6. Derivative Financial Instruments in Part I, Item 1 “Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.”

As of March 31, 2024 with respect to the borrowed portion of our Credit Facility that is subject to a variable interest rate, a hypothetical increase of 100 basis points (1%) in interest rates would have an insignificant impact on our interest expense. A change in interest rates does not have a material impact upon our future earnings and cash flow for fixed rate debt. However, increases in interest rates could impact our ability to refinance existing maturities and acquire additional debt on favorable terms.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We have established disclosure controls and procedures, which are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. These disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Principal Executive Officer (Stephen D. Kelley, President and Chief Executive Officer) and Principal Financial Officer (Paul Oldham, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer), as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

As of the end of the period covered by this report, we conducted an evaluation, with the participation of management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to the Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(b). Based upon this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, 2024. The conclusions of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer from this evaluation were communicated to the Audit and Finance Committee. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. We intend to continue to review and document our disclosure controls and procedures, including our internal controls over financial reporting, and may from time to time make changes aimed at enhancing their effectiveness and to ensure that our systems evolve with our business.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter covered by this Form 10-Q that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Information concerning our risk factors is contained in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” in the 2023 Form 10-K. The risks described in the 2023 Form 10-K are not the only risks that we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, or operating results. There have been no material changes to the risk factors previously disclosed in the 2023 Form 10-K.