AlTi Global, Inc.: Form 10-Q for the period ended Mar 31, 2024

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS OF ALTI GLOBAL, INC.

In this section, unless the context otherwise requires, references to “AlTi,” “we,” “us,” and “our” are intended to mean the business and operations of AlTi and its consolidated subsidiaries. The following discussion analyzes the financial condition and results of operations of AlTi and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated unaudited financial statements and the related notes included in this Quarterly Report.

Amounts and percentages presented throughout our discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations may reflect rounded results in thousands (unless otherwise indicated) and consequently, totals may not appear to sum.

Our Business

We are a multi-disciplinary financial services business, with a diverse array of investment, advisory, and administrative capabilities with which we serve our clients and investors around the globe; and provide value to our shareholders. Our business is organized into two business segments: Wealth Management and Strategic Alternatives (formerly known as Asset Management):

• we manage or advise approximately $71.0 billion in combined assets as of March 31, 2024;
• in our Wealth Management segment, we provide holistic solutions for our wealth management clients through our full spectrum of wealth management services, including discretionary investment management services, non-discretionary investment advisory services, trust services, administration services, and family office services;
• in our Strategic Alternatives segment, we assist our investors with alternative investments and co-investments by providing access to highly differentiated opportunities in these areas as well as structuring and selecting partners with a proven track record in alternative asset classes, with attractive risk adjusted return characteristics.

Our business is global, with approximately 460 professionals operating in 21 cities in 10 countries across three continents as of March 31, 2024. Following the sales of the FOS and LRA businesses, we will have approximately 410 professionals, and the cities and countries in which we operate will be reduced by one, to reflect our exit from Isle of Man. See Note 3 (Business Combinations and Divestitures).

The services that we provide form a complementary ecosystem for our target markets of clients, investors, and businesses, many of whom share common interests and goals that we are able to connect and serve. The complementary nature of our services and a differentiated suite of capabilities positions us well for organic growth across our business lines. Our strategy includes a focus on inorganic growth through acquisitions and investments in talented managers in exchange for a share of future revenues or profits. We also believe we are well positioned to capitalize on global market trends and dynamics that we see facing our world as well as the industry, clients, investors, and businesses we serve.

Fee Structure

Consistent with offering a diverse range of services, we generate a diverse range of revenue streams across our business lines. A high-level summary of these revenue streams is set forth below.

Broadly, our revenues fall into four categories: recurring management, advisory, or administration fees; performance or incentive fees; distribution from investments and other income or fees:

• Management, advisory, and administration fees are historically more predictable across market conditions than our other revenue sources. These fees are recurring in nature (usually being annual or

quarterly fees) and are earned from both our wealth management division from investment management, investment advisory, trusts and administration, and family office services, and also from our fund management activities associated with our internally managed funds. Added to the recurring nature of these fees, our high client retention rate in our wealth management services, and the long-term nature of our fund management fees, means that these fees are also relatively stable.

• Incentive or performance fees are comprised of both carried interest payments we earn on co-investments and annual performance or incentive fees earned in some cases from our investment management and advisory or fund management services associated with our internally managed funds. These fees, being performance related, are variable in nature and more susceptible to impact from exogenous factors. As a result, performance and incentive fees provide potential upside to our revenues in the future and, in our view, can be highly accretive to our profitability.
• Distributions from investments are generated from the equity interests we have in the three external managers pursuant to which we are entitled to distributions based on the terms of the respective arrangements. Distributions from each investment will be recorded upon receipt of the distribution. We receive distributions from its External Strategic Managers through our profit or revenue sharing arrangements that are generated through their management and incentive fees based on performance of the underlying investments. The management component of the distributions is recurring in nature, while the incentive portion is more susceptible to impact from exogenous factors.
• Other income or fees include transaction fees from our strategic advisory, corporate advisory, brokerage, and placement agency services. Transaction fees are generally non-recurring in nature, are typically commission based, and are payable on the successful completion of a transaction. Transactions are also susceptible to impact from exogenous factors. However, as is the case with performance and incentive fees, transaction fees provide potential upside to our revenues and, in our view, can be highly accretive to our profitability.

Wealth Management Fees

Investment management or advisory fees are the primary source of revenue in our Wealth Management segment. These fees are generally calculated on the basis of a percentage of the value of each client’s assets (AUM or AUA) and are charged using either an average daily balance or ending balance, quarterly in arrears.

AUA consists of all assets we are responsible for overseeing and reporting on, but we do not necessarily charge fees on all such assets. Billable assets represent the portion of our assets on which we charge fees. Non-billable assets are exempt of fees and consist of assets such as cash and cash equivalents in certain agreed upon situations, personally owned real estate, and other designated assets.

The fees vary depending upon the level and complexity of client assets and the services being provided. The fee typically covers the investment advisory services and basic estate and wealth planning services. The more complex estate and wealth planning services, as well as our Trustee service, and certain extended family office services, are typically billed separately, as a fixed or time-based amount.

Some clients in certain jurisdictions may also pay performance fees if their portfolio achieves returns in excess of an agreed benchmark or hurdle rate. Typically, such fees are paid annually upon crystallization and are not accrued prior to being earned.

Strategic Alternatives Fees

Fund Management Fees

We earn management fees in our Strategic Alternatives segment through our alternatives platform (compensation for internal fund management and advisory services), private real estate fund management and private real estate recurring fees. The management fees for the alternatives platform are approximately 0.75% to 1.5% of the net asset value of the funds’ underlying investments.

Incentive Fees

TIG Arbitrage is entitled to receive incentive fees if certain performance returns have been achieved as stipulated in our governing documents. The incentive fees for TIG Arbitrage are calculated using 15% to 20% of the net profit/income. We recognize our incentive fees when it is no longer probable that a significant reversal of revenue will occur. Our incentive fees are not subject to clawback provisions.

Distributions from Investments

Distributions from investments are earned through our profit or revenue sharing arrangements with the External Strategic Managers. Our economic interests in the External Strategic Managers are as follows:

• Real Estate Bridge Lending Strategy—20.92% profit share;
• European Equities—25% revenue share; and
• Asian Credit and Special Situations—12% revenue share

Our distributions from investments from European equities and Asian credit and special situations are comprised of a management fee component and, depending on performance, an incentive fee component. Depending on the fund, the incentive fee component can range from 15% to 35% of the net profit/income, in excess of a 10% return hurdle.

Co-investment

As sponsor of private market direct and co-investment transactions, we generate income from debt and equity structures relating to specified real estate investments or investments in other alternative asset classes. Private market fees include arrangement, retainer, management, advisory, performance, acquisition, promote and other associated fees as well as interest arbitrage for debt structures. Arrangement fees are typically 50 to 100 basis points of equity value contributed into a transaction. Acquisition fees are typically payable where there are no agency fees or where there is an off-market transaction sourced by the team. Such acquisition fees are usually in the range of 50 to 100 basis points of the purchase price of the relevant acquisition. The equity structures are typically medium to long-term (three to ten years) closed-ended structures with fees normally ranging between 50 and 175 basis points of the equity value committed or drawn. The debt structure terms are generally between 12 and 36 months. The investment adviser, general partner or other entity entitled to fees in respect of each of our co-investments receives such fees either monthly, quarterly, or annually.

We may be entitled to a portion of the performance-related entitlements (such as carried interest or promote) that may be payable on exit from Co-investment transactions. Such revenues are only received if the investor hurdle (i.e. a minimum return to the investor) is reached and may include a catch-up. Carried interest entitlements are based on a percentage of the investor return above such hurdle and are set on a deal and fund basis. Typically, carried interest entitlements represent 10% to 20% of the investors’ equity internal rate of return in excess of an 8% to 15% hurdle, with no carried interest entitlement being payable if the hurdle is not met. In relation to our co-investments, a group company will typically have entered into an advisory or management agreement, or other arrangement, that entitles us to receive a share of base management fees (whether directly or through a joint venture entity) from the inception of the relevant investment or joint venture, through to exit and the liquidation of the relevant transaction vehicle, or as otherwise set out in an approved business plan. Where we have established feeder vehicles for clients, there may also be administration and advisory fees associated with those vehicles (these are earned by our trusts and administration business).

Real Estate Fund

We generate income from managing and advising a private real estate investment fund. Our fees from managing and advising this vehicle are contained in management and advisory contracts relating to the relevant fund and are typically calculated on a sliding scale of percentages of the asset value, market capitalization or the investor capital of the relevant fund as applicable.

Market Trends and Business Environment

Our business is directly and indirectly affected by conditions in the financial markets and economic conditions, particularly in the U.S. and to a lesser extent in Europe, and Asia. Our business is also sensitive to current and expected interest rates, as well as the currency markets.

After significant market gains in 2023, Q1 2024 continued the pattern of strong equity market performance. The S&P 500 and the MSCI All Country World Index increased by 10.6% and 8.3% total return, respectively, over the quarter, after rising by 26.3% and 22.8% total return, respectively, for the year 2023. Government fixed income markets in Q1, however, came under modest pressure as yields rose and bond prices fell. The Bloomberg U.S. Aggregate Bond Index declined by 0.8% in Q1 2024, while the Barclays Global Aggregate Index rose a modest 0.1% over the same time frame. While Government bond prices had a more volatile start to the year, it is noteworthy that credit conditions in the US continued to improve with credit spreads — the extra yield over Treasuries that corporate bonds must pay to compensate for extra risk — continued to narrow, resulting in the US High Yield index (iShares IBoxx $HY) index rising by 1.5% over the quarter.

The catalysts for recent market stock market strength have been a combination of factors, including: the US economy continuing to show solid economic growth, which bodes well for earnings growth as the year progresses. The US stock market also benefits from the trend of generative AI, as close to 30% of its shares are represented by leading technology companies, that are both investing in and likely to continue to benefit from monetization of this innovation over time. There are also signs that other parts of the global economy are recovering, with economic growth improving in China, with Q1 GDP up 5.3% annualized on the quarter. The euro zone economy also grew by more than expected in the first quarter of 2024, buoyed by a return to growth for Germany and strong expansion in Spain. Gross domestic product increased by 0.3% quarter-on-quarter for a 0.5% year-on-year rise, compared with market expectations that both would expand by 0.2%.

Stock market gains in Q1 have come even though inflation prints in the US have generally come in above expectations, leading investors to moderate expectations for when the Fed Reserve will be able to reduce short end US interest rates this year. These higher inflation prints, and the expected large size of the US fiscal deficit help explain why US government bond yields have risen this year. In contrast, better disinflationary data in Europe and to some extent the UK have helped the Central Bank of these economies signal that rates will likely be reduced, by mid-year. The divergent outlook for easing in policy interest rates has had an impact on currencies with the US Dollar Index up 3.1% to the end of Q1. This has partially impacted the returns from our international portfolios, translated back into US dollars as the Euro and Sterling have declined by 2.3% and 0.9%, respectively versus the US dollar in the first quarter.

Our fee-based revenue streams are driven by the value of clients’ portfolio holdings, in the case of our Wealth Management segment or the performance of our varied funds and direct investments in our Strategic Alternatives segment. The overall level of revenues in these businesses, however, does not correlate completely with changes in global equity and fixed income markets.

In our Wealth Management segment, while our client portfolios are well diversified across a range of asset classes and thus are not solely impacted by changes in equities or government bonds, they benefited in the year from the strong performance in the equity and fixed income markets. Client portfolios also include holdings such as gold, credit and hedge funds that also delivered positive returns in the year. Portfolio fluctuations also depend on multiple additional factors that include, but are not limited to, the level and duration of fixed income holdings with short-term money market funds showing limited volatility over the quarter, the level of alternative and private market holdings and the geographic and industry mix of client’s equity assets. We also note that our UHNW client base generally does not need to draw down from their portfolios to support day-to-day living needs and, accordingly, is able to approach portfolio investing with a long-term time horizon. Hence, in terms of behavior, they are less sensitive to short-term changes in market conditions.

In our Strategic Alternatives segment, the majority of our fees are derived from alternative funds which are structured to have low correlation to equity and fixed income markets and in some cases benefit in times of market stress. In particular, our European long-short equity and Asian Credit manager continue to perform well in the first quarter. With respect to incentive fees earned by our event-driven strategy, US GAAP only permits recognition of such fees when they are fully crystallized, which typically occurs in the fourth quarter of each year.

Still high interest rates continue to have an impact on our public and private real estate assets. The higher cost of capital environment, ongoing increases in costs of construction and generally stagnating real estate prices are negatively impacting some of the real estate segments in which we operate. These declines impact the level of management fees that we earn. In addition, following completion of the sale of LXi REIT Advisors during the first quarter, the level of management fees we earn from public real estate will decline in future periods. On the private real estate side, the more difficult market and interest rate conditions may reduce the ultimate return expected from some of these investments. It is important to note that these assets are utilized in conjunction with longer-term investment strategies and are not subject to daily market pricing. Given the uncertainty in outlook, and the potential for diminution in value at realization, we modified our billing methodology for certain of our private real estate holdings, which will result in lower fees earned, until monetization.

We currently do not hedge corporate currency risk associated with client portfolio and investor holdings across global markets. Hence, as we report our revenues in U.S. dollars, the translation impact from changes in the value of currencies outside the U.S. dollar can impact our results in any given financial reporting period.

We believe that the combination of our Wealth Management and Strategic Alternatives segments differentiates us from pure-play firms in both sectors and provides a growing base of recurring and diversified revenues. Since the Business Combination, total AUM/AUA increased approximately 9%, and within our Wealth Management segment, these have grown 26% since the Business Combination.

In the first quarter of 2024, we generated revenues of $50.8 million. We believe these results, generated through a combination of strong market performance and organic client wins, are starting to reflect the power of our franchise, which we believe will continue to flow to an improved bottom line as we look forward to the remainder of 2024. Adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (“EBITDA”) was $6.8 million for the period ended March 31, 2024.

We have continued to right-size the organization, simplify our business lines, and initiate processes to reduce the number of our regulated entities, while securing important client wins and adding key revenue-generating talent. Since the beginning of the year, we have reported AUM/AUA growth amidst a volatile market environment.

Our core businesses continue to perform well. Based on the new initiatives undertaken this year and those that we embarked on during 2023, we expect operating expenses to continue to trend downward in 2024. As these cost savings and other growth initiatives take hold next year, we would expect to see the impact of operating leverage drive improvements and greater consistency in our US GAAP results and Adjusted EBITDA. In addition, we believe that we will be able to deploy the capital raised from the investments from Allianz and Constellation to make accretive investments that will benefit our GAAP results and Adjusted EBITDA in 2024, and beyond.

Managing Business Performance and Key Financial Measures

Non-US GAAP Financial Measures

We use Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted EBITDA as non-US GAAP financial measures. Adjusted EBITDA is derived from and reconciled to, but not equivalent to, its most directly comparable US GAAP measure of net income (loss). Adjusted Net Income represents net income (loss) before taxes plus (a) equity-settled share-based payments, (b) transaction-related costs, including professional fees, (c) impairment of equity method investments, (d) change in fair value of investment or other financial instruments, (e) onetime bonuses recorded in the statement of operations, (f) compensation expense related to the earn-in of certain variable interest entities, and (g) adjusted income tax expense. Adjusted EBITDA represents adjusted net income plus (a) interest expense, net, (b) income tax expense, (c) adjusted income tax expense less income tax expense, and (d) depreciation and amortization expense.

We use Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted EBITDA as non-US GAAP measures to track our performance and assess our ability to service our borrowings. These non-US GAAP financial measures supplement and should be considered in addition to and not in lieu of, the results of operations, which are discussed further under “Components of Consolidated Results of Income” and are prepared in accordance with US GAAP. For the specific components and calculations of these non-US GAAP measures, as well as a reconciliation of these measures to the most comparable measure in accordance with US GAAP, see “Reconciliation of Consolidated US GAAP Financial Measures to Certain Non-US GAAP Measures.”

The following table presents the non-US GAAP financial measures for the periods indicated:

(Dollars in Thousands)

(a) Add-back of non-cash expense related to awards of Class A Common stock (approved post-transaction).

(b) Add-back of non-cash expense related to awards of Class A Common stock (approved pre-transaction).

(c) Add-back of transaction expenses related to the Business Combination and subsequent business combinations/divestitures, including professional fees.

(d) Represents the change in fair value of the warrant liability.

(e) Represents the change in unrealized gains/losses related primarily to Investments held at fair value and and the TRA liability.

(f) Represents the change in fair value of the earn-out liability.

(g) Represents cost to implement organization change to derive cost synergy.

(h) Represents impairment of carried interest/equity method investments.

(i) Represents the amortization of the step-up in equity method investments.

(j) Represents reported interest, depreciation, amortization, and tax adjustments of the Company's equity method investments.

Operating Metrics

We monitor certain operating metrics that are common to the wealth and asset management industry, which are discussed below.

Wealth Management - AUM

AUM refers to the market value of all assets that we manage, provide discretionary investment advisory services on, and have execution responsibility for. Although we have investment responsibility for AUM, we include both billable (assets charged fees) and non-billable assets (assets exempt of fees) in our AUM calculation (e.g., we have agreements with certain clients under which we do not bill on certain securities or cash and cash equivalents held within their portfolio). AUM includes the value of all assets managed or supervised by operating partner subsidiaries, affiliates, and joint ventures in which the Company holds either a majority or minority stake. Our calculations of AUM and AUA may differ from the calculation methodologies of other wealth managers and, as a result, this measure may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other wealth managers.

The table below presents the change in our total AUM for our Wealth Management segment for the periods indicated:

(Dollars in Millions)

Wealth Management - AUA

AUA includes all assets we manage as defined above, oversee, and report on. We view AUA as a core metric to measure our investment and fundraising performance as it includes non-financial assets (e.g., real estate) that are not included in AUM, investment consulting assets (not included in AUM but revenue generating) and other assets that we do not charge fees upon and do not have responsibility for investment execution responsibility, but the reporting of which is valued by our clients. AUA includes the value of all assets managed or supervised by operating partner subsidiaries, affiliates, and joint ventures in which the Company holds either a majority or minority stake. Our calculations of AUA and AUM may differ from the calculation methodologies of other wealth managers and, as a result, this measure may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other wealth managers.

The table below presents the change in our total AUA for our Wealth Management segment for the periods indicated:

(Dollars in Millions)

Strategic Alternatives - AUM/AUA

The Company’s Strategic Alternatives AUM/AUA includes the following:

• assets managed by the Alternatives platform, including by TIG Arbitrage $2.3 billion and $2.4 billion, respectively, and the External Strategic Managers (AUA $5.2 billion and $5.3 billion as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively);
• Co-investment real estate advisory services, where we include the value of our private market direct and co-investment real estate investments (AUA $9.6 billion and $10.1 billion as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively); and
• Assets managed in a private real estate investment fund (AUM $0.3 billion and $2.6 billion as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively) from which we generate fee revenue. The Company’s reported value of these assets is either the net asset value or the market capitalization of the fund.

The table below presents the change in our total AUM/AUA by strategy and product for our alternatives platform for the periods indicated:

Alternatives Platform

(Dollars in Thousands)

(1) The fair value of this investment is reported on a one-month lag from the fund financial statements due to timing of the information provided by the fund and third-party entity unless information is available on a more timely basis. As a result, any changes in the markets in which our managed funds operate, and the impact market conditions have on underlying asset valuations, may not yet be reflected in reported amounts.

The table below presents the change in our total AUM/AUA for our Real Estate - Private funds for our Strategic Alternatives segment for the periods indicated:

(Dollars in Thousands)

* AUA is reported with a one quarter lag for HLIF as management fees are billed on that basis.

Components of Consolidated Results of Income

Revenues

Management/Advisory Fees

For services provided to each client account, the Company charges investment management, custody, and/or trustee fees based on the fair value of the assets of such account (“management/advisory fees”). The Company invoices clients based on the terms outlined in the signed customer contract (e.g., quarterly in arrears or in advance) based on the fair market value or net asset value. For those assets for which valuations are not available on a daily basis, the most recent valuation provided to the Company is used as the fair value for the purpose of calculating the quarterly fee.

The customer exchanges consideration to obtain services that are the output of the Company’s ordinary activities, which are investment management services provided to each client account. Further, none of the scope exceptions under ASC 606-10-15-2 apply to the management/advisory fees; therefore, they are in the scope of ASC 606.

Incentive Fees

The Company is entitled to receive incentive fees if certain targeted returns have been achieved as stipulated in its customer contracts. The incentive fees are generally calculated using 15% to 20% of the net profit its customers earn. Incentive fees are generally calculated and recognized when it is probable that there will be no significant reversal.

Distributions from Investments

The Company has equity interests in three entities pursuant to which it is entitled to distributions based on the terms of the respective arrangements. Distributions from each investment will be recorded upon receipt of the distribution. The Company receives distributions from External Strategic Managers through profit or revenue sharing arrangements that are generated through management and incentive fees based on performance of the underlying investments.

Other fees

The Company generates arrangement fees in its co-investment division by arranging private debt or equity financing, generally in connection with an acquisition. Arrangement fees range from 0.5% to 1.75% of the equity value contributed into a transaction and are payable upon close of the deal. The Company also generates brokerage fees which are similar to arrangement fees except that they are generally paid for assisting public companies in raising capital.

Expenses

Compensation and Employee Benefits: Compensation generally includes salaries, bonuses, other performance-based compensation such as commissions, long-term deferral programs, benefits, and payroll taxes. Compensation is accrued over the related service period and long-term deferral program awards are paid out based on the various vesting dates.

General, Administrative and Other Expenses: General, administrative and other expenses include costs primarily related to professional services, occupancy, travel, communication and information services, distribution costs, and other general operating items.

Depreciation and Amortization Expenses: Fixed assets are depreciated or amortized on a straight-line basis, with the corresponding depreciation and amortization expense included within depreciation and amortization in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations. The estimated useful life for leasehold improvements is the lesser of the remaining lease term or the life of the asset, while other fixed assets are generally depreciated over a period of three to fifteen years.

Interest Expense: Interest expense consists of the interest expense on our outstanding debt, amortization of deferred financing costs, and amortization of original issue discount.

Income Tax Expense: Income tax expense consists of taxes paid or payable by our consolidated operating subsidiaries. Certain of our subsidiaries are treated as flow-through entities for federal income tax purposes and, accordingly, are not subject to federal and state income taxes, as such taxes are the responsibility of certain direct and indirect owners of the flow-through entities. However, the flow-through entities are subjected to UBT and other state taxes. A portion of our operations is conducted through domestic and foreign corporations that are subject to corporate level taxes and for which we record current and deferred income taxes at the prevailing rates in the various jurisdictions in which these entities operate.

Results of Operations

Consolidated Condensed Results of Operations – For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023

(Dollars in Thousands)

Revenue

Management/Advisory fees. The decrease in management and advisory fees of $(0.2) million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023 was driven primarily by lower management fees in our Strategic Alternatives, reflecting lower AUM in that segment, offset by higher management fees in Wealth Management, in line with higher year over year AUM.

Incentive fees. The decrease in incentive fees of $(0.4) million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023 was driven by lower performance of investments held in Strategic Alternatives in the current period.

Distributions from investments. The decrease in distributions from investments of $(5.9) million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023 was driven by lower incentive fee distributions from the European equities strategy in Strategic Alternatives in the current period. Prior year performance was particularly strong for that strategy, resulting in significant incentive fees in the prior period. Management fee distributions, which represented 64% of distributions from investments for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 24% for three months ended March 31, 2023, were essentially consistent period over period in dollar value.

Other fees / income. The decrease in other fees / income of $(0.7) million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023 was primarily driven by lower transactional income in Strategic Alternatives in the current period, which generated $0.8m of Other fees for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and no revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Expenses

Compensation Expense. The decrease in compensation expense of $(23.6) million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023 was primarily driven by $24.7 million of non-cash stock based compensation related to both legacy TWMH and Alvarium incentive plans as well as the issuance of AlTi equity following the Business Combination during the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Non-compensation Expense. The decrease in non-compensation expenses of $(12.4) million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023 was primarily driven by $11.4 million in professional fees incurred during the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to $22.9 million in professional fees incurred during the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Other income (expenses)

The increase in other income (expenses) of $79.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023 was primarily driven by a gain of $39.5 million related to the change in fair value of earn-out liabilities as a result of share price changes during the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to a $(29.2) million loss related to the change in fair value of earn-out liabilities as a result of share price changes and a $(12.9) million loss related to the exchange of warrants into common stock during the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Taxes

The Company's effective tax rate was 1.6% for the for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to (5.4)% for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The difference in the effective tax rate is primarily driven by the legal entity organizational changes which occurred on account of the Business Combination, the tax impact of mark-to-market losses associated with contingent liabilities and equity consideration in the Business Combination, nondeductible professional fees incurred in connection with the Business Combination, and the impact of a forecasted valuation allowance with respect to deferred tax assets generated in the Company’s subsidiaries in the U.K.

Reconciliation of Consolidated US GAAP Financial Measures to Certain Non-US GAAP Measures

We use Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted EBITDA as non-US GAAP measures to assess and track our performance. Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted EBITDA as presented in this Quarterly Report are supplemental measures of our performance that are not required by, or presented in accordance with, US GAAP.

The following table presents the reconciliation of net income as reported in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations to Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted EBITDA for the periods indicated:

(Dollars in Thousands, except share data)

(a) Add-back of non-cash expense related to awards of Class A Common stock (approved post-transaction).

(b) Add-back of non-cash expense related to awards of Class A Common stock (approved pre-transaction).

(c) Add-back of transaction expenses related to the Business Combination and subsequent business combinations/divestitures, including professional fees.

(d) Represents the change in fair value of the warrant liability.

(e) Represents the change in unrealized gains/losses related primarily to Investments held at fair value and the TRA liability.

(f) Represents the change in fair value of the earn-out liability.

(g) Represents cost to implement organization change to derive cost synergy.

(h) Represents impairment of carried interest/equity method investments.

(i) Represents the amortization of the step-up in equity method investments.

(j) Represents reported interest, depreciation, amortization, and tax adjustments of the Company's equity method investments.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Management assesses liquidity in terms of our ability to generate cash to fund operating, investing, and financing activities. Management takes a prudent approach to ensure the Company's liquidity will continue to be sufficient for its foreseeable working capital needs, contractual obligations, distribution payments and strategic initiatives.

On January 3, 2023, concurrent with the consummation of the Business Combination, the Company entered into a $250.0 million credit facility with a syndicate led by BMO Capital Markets Corp. The facility, which has a term of five years and is comprised of a $150.0 million revolving credit facility and a $100 million term loan facility, was to be used to pay down subsidiary debt and fund growth initiatives. As of March 31, 2024, the Company had $61.5 million outstanding on the term loan facility and $126.0 million outstanding on the revolving credit facility. See Note 14 (Debt, net of unamortized deferred financing costs).

Allianz and Constellation Investment

On February 22, 2024, the Company entered into an Investment Agreement (the “Allianz Investment Agreement”) with Allianz, pursuant to which, among other things, at the closing of the transaction, and based on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth therein: (i) Allianz will purchase in the aggregate $250 million of the Company’s capital securities, consisting of (a) 140,000 shares of a newly created class of preferred stock to be designated Series A Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock, with a liquidation preference of $1,000 per share (the “Series A Preferred Stock”) and (b) 19,318,580.96 shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock at a purchase price of $5.69 per share, and (ii) the Company will issue to Allianz warrants to purchase 5,000,000 shares of Class A Common Stock at an exercise price of $7.40 per share of Class A Common Stock, subject to customary adjustments (collectively, the “Allianz Transaction”). Consummation of the Allianz Transaction is expected to close during the second quarter of 2024, subject to, among other things, applicable regulatory approvals, Company stockholder approval and other customary closing conditions.

In addition, on February 22, 2024, the Company entered into a Supplemental Series A Preferred Stock Investment Agreement with Allianz, pursuant to which, for purposes of funding one or more strategic international acquisitions by the Company or its subsidiaries, Allianz is permitted, at its option, to purchase additional shares of Series A Preferred Stock up to an aggregate amount equal to $50,000,000.

Concurrently with the Company’s execution of the Allianz Investment Agreement, the Company entered into an Investment Agreement with Constellation (the “Constellation Investment Agreement”). On March 27, 2024, the Company completed the sale to Constellation of 115,000 shares of a newly created class of preferred stock designated Series C Preferred Stock for a purchase price equal to $115.0 million and issued to Constellation the Constellation Warrants to purchase 1,533,333 shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock in each case on terms consistent with the Constellation Investment Agreement, dated February 22, 2024 and previously disclosed on the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 23, 2024.

As previously reported, during the period commencing May 1, 2024 until September 30, 2024, the Company is permitted to deliver a capital demand notice requiring Constellation to purchase and acquire an additional 35,000 shares of Series C Preferred Stock, representing an additional investment equal to $35.0 million, subject to applicable regulatory approvals and other customary closing conditions. In the event that the Company delivers such notice to Constellation, Constellation will also receive from the Company, and the Company shall issue to Constellation, warrants to purchase 466,667 shares of Class A Common Stock.

Cash Flows

For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 Compared to the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023

The following tables and discussion summarize our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows by activity attributable to AlTi. Negative amounts represent an outflow or use of cash.

(Dollars in Thousands)

Cash and cash equivalents increased $295.7 million as of March 31, 2024 as compared to March 31, 2023, primarily due to the Company’s completed sale to Constellation of 115,000 shares of a newly created class of preferred stock designated Series C Preferred Stock for a purchase price equal to $115.0 million. See MD&A (Liquidity and Capital Resources) discussion for additional information.

Operating Activities

Our cash inflows from operating activities comprise of cash collected through management and advisory fees, incentive fees, distributions from investments and other income/fees. Our cash outflows from operating activities consist of operating expenses, the most significant components of which included compensation and benefits, professional fees and interest on our debt obligations. Our net operating cash outflow of $(15.5) million for three months ended March 31, 2024 was primarily driven by the level of professional fees, which continue to be elevated due to high usage of professional services firms in connection with capital raising and other financing activities and related to supporting the Company’s evolving financial reporting infrastructure. Management believes the current level of professional fee spend will be reduced over time as the Company’s financial reporting environment continues to mature. Our net operating cash outflow of $(61.0) million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was driven by the cash outflow of $(33.9) million related to compensation and benefits expenses as well as approximately $(26.5) million of accrued professional fees in connection with the close of the Business Combination.

Investing Activities

Our net investing cash flows provided by investing activities of $31.0 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024 primarily related to proceeds from the sale of LXi.

Financing Activities

Our net cash flows provided by financing activities of $104.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024 were primarily driven by the issuance of preferred equity to Constellation Wealth Capital, net of transaction costs paid.

Future Sources and Uses of Liquidity

In the normal course of business, we may engage in off-balance sheet arrangements, including transactions in derivatives, guarantees, commitments, indemnifications, and potential contingent repayment obligations. We do not have any off-financial position arrangements that would require us to fund losses or guarantee target returns to clients.

Contractual Obligations

Tax Receivable Agreement

As discussed in Note 19 (Commitments and Contingencies) to our condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report, we may in the future be required to make payments under the TRA.

Pursuant to the TRA, the Company will pay certain parties to the Business Combination 85% of certain tax benefits, if any, that it realizes (or in certain cases is deemed to realize) as a result of any increase in tax basis of the assets of Alvarium Tiedemann related to the Business Combination.

Amounts payable under the TRA are contingent upon (i) the generation of taxable income over the life of the TRA, (ii) the tax rates in effect as of time periods in which tax benefits are used, and (iii) certain terms governing the rate of interest to be applied to payments under the TRA.

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the liability associated with the TRA was approximately $24.9 million and $17.6 million, respectively. Payments under the TRA that are on account of liabilities arising in connection with the Business Combination will be revalued at the end of each reporting period with the gain or loss recognized in earnings. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company carried $7.3 million and $13.2 million, respectively of its TRA liability at fair value, as it is contingent consideration from the Business Combination. The remaining portion of the TRA liability is carried at a value equal to the expected future payments under the TRA

In connection with the TRA, certain parties to the Business Combination who received Class B Units in Umbrella have the ability to exchange Class B Units in Umbrella for shares of Class A Common Stock in the Company on a 1:1 exchange basis. These future exchanges are anticipated to be treated as taxable exchanges which may provide an increase in the tax basis of the assets of the Company and therefore provide for additional payments under the TRA. TRA liabilities that are generated on account of future exchanges will be recorded under ASC 450, Contingencies. On August 31, 2023, holders of Class B Units exchanged 1,813,248 Class B Paired Interests with the Company, in exchange for shares of Class A Common Stock on a 1:1 basis totaling an amount equal to $7.31 multiplied by the total number of shares of Class A Common Stock received at the time of the transaction. On March 11, 2024, holders of Class B Common Stock exchanged 4,954,518 Class B Paired Interests with the Company, in exchange for shares of Class A Common Stock on a 1:1 basis totaling an amount equal to $6.61 multiplied by the total number of shares of Class B Common Stock exchanged at the time of the transaction.

Payments under the TRA will continue until all such tax benefits have been utilized or expired unless (i) the Company exercises its right to terminate the TRA and pays recipients an amount representing the present value of the remaining payments, (ii) there is a change of control or (iii) the Company breaches any of the material obligations of the TRA, in which case all obligations will generally be accelerated and due as if the Company had exercised its right to terminate the TRA. In each case, if payments are accelerated, such payments will be based on certain assumptions, including that the Company will have sufficient taxable income to fully utilize the deductions arising from the increased tax deductions.

The estimate of the timing and amount of future payments under the TRA involves several assumptions that do not account for the significant uncertainties associated with those potential payments, including an assumption that the Company will have sufficient taxable income in the relevant tax years to utilize the tax benefits that would give rise to an obligation to make payments.

As of March 31, 2024, assuming no material changes in the relevant tax laws and that the Company generates sufficient taxable income to realize the full tax benefit of the increased amortization resulting from the increase in tax basis of certain of AlTi’s assets, we expect to pay approximately $24.9 million under the TRA. Future changes in the fair value of the TRA liability will be recognized in earnings. Any future cash savings and related payments under the TRA due to subsequent exchanges of Class B Units for shares of Class A Common Stock would be accounted for separately from the amount related to the Business Combination.

Warrants

Prior to the Business Combination, the Company issued warrants to purchase shares of Class A Common Stock at a price of $11.50 per share. Throughout the period from January 1, 2023 to March 31, 2023, 428,626 Warrants were exercised. On April 3, 2023, 78,864 Warrants were exercised. On June 7, 2023, the Company closed an offer and consent solicitation and entered into a warrant amendment, pursuant to which the remaining 19,892,387 Warrants were exchanged for 4,962,147 shares of Class A Common Stock. The exercises and exchanges throughout the period from January 1, 2023 to June 30, 2023 resulted in an increase in Additional Paid-in-Capital amount of $29.5 million. As of March 31, 2024, none of such Warrants are outstanding.

On March 27, 2024, the Company completed the issuance of Constellation Warrants to purchase 1,533,333 shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock at an exercise price of $7.40 per share. As of March 31, 2024, none of the Constellation Warrants have been exercised.

Business Combination Earn-out

Under the terms of the Business Combination, upon Closing, the Sponsor and the selling shareholders of TWMH, TIG, and Alvarium became entitled to receive earn-out shares contingent on various share price milestones. Additionally, upon a change of control of the Company, the share price milestones will be deemed to have been met and all the Business Combination Earn-out Securities will be payable to the earn-out holders. The earn-out shares are precluded from being considered indexed to the Company’s own stock and are recognized as a liability at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in earnings. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the fair value of the earn-out shares was $22.9 million and $62.4 million, respectively. See Note 2 (Summary of Significant Accounting Policies) for additional detail.

AWMS Earn-out Liability

On August 2, 2023, the Company acquired the remaining 70% of the issued and outstanding ownership and membership interests of AWMS, increasing its interest from 30% to 100%. The AWMS Acquisition was accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting and the fair value of the total purchase consideration transferred was $16.8 million. The total purchase consideration transferred consists of cash consideration, equity consideration, deferred cash consideration, earn-out consideration, (or AWMS earn-out liability), and the payment of assumed liabilities. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the AWMS earn-out liability of $1.1 million and $1.1 million is reported in Earn-out liability, at fair value, in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Position and Consolidated Statement of Financial Position, respectively. Since the AWMS earn-out liability meets the definition of a derivative, it is recorded at fair value as a derivative liability on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Position and measured at fair value at each reporting date in accordance with ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement, with changes in fair value to be recognized in Gain (loss) on earn-out liability in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations and in Fair value of earn-out liability in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows in the period of change.

Indemnification Arrangements

In the normal course of business, the Company enters into contracts that contain indemnities for related parties of the Company, persons acting on behalf of the Company or such related parties and third parties. The terms of the indemnities vary from contract to contract and the Company’s maximum exposure under these arrangements cannot be determined and has not been recorded in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Position. As of March 31, 2024, the Company has not had prior claims or losses pursuant to these contracts and expects the risk of material loss to be remote.

Critical Accounting Estimates

We prepare our consolidated financial statements in accordance with US GAAP. In applying many of these accounting principles, we need to make assumptions, estimates, and/or judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses in our consolidated financial statements. We base our estimates and judgments on historical experience and other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. These assumptions, estimates, and/or judgments, however, are both subjective and subject to change, and actual results may differ from our assumptions and estimates. Actual results may also differ from our estimates and judgments due to risks and uncertainties and changing circumstances, including uncertainty in the current economic environment due to geopolitical tensions, changes in market conditions, or other relevant factors. If actual amounts are ultimately different from our estimates, the revisions are included in our results of operations for the period in which the actual amounts become known. For a summary of our significant accounting policies and estimates, see Note 2 (Summary of Significant Accounting Policies), to our interim condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report.

Estimation of Fair Values

Investments at Fair Value – External Strategic Managers: The fair values of our Investments in External Strategic Managers were determined using significant unobservable inputs. The assumptions used could have a material impact on the valuation of these assets and include our best estimates of expected future cash flows and an appropriate discount rate. Changes in the estimated fair values of these assets may have a material impact on our results of operations in any given period, as any decreases in these assets have a corresponding negative impact on our GAAP results of operations in the period in which the changes occur.

TRA Liability: We carry a portion of our TRA liability at fair value, as it is a contingent consideration related to the Business Combination. The valuation of the TRA liability is sensitive to our expectation of future cash savings that we may ultimately realize related to our tax goodwill and other intangible assets deductions. We then apply a discount rate that we believe is appropriate given the nature of and expected timing of payments of the liability. A decrease in the discount rate assumption would result in an increase in the fair value estimate of the liability, which would have a correspondingly negative impact on our US GAAP results of operations. However, payments under the TRA are ultimately only made to the extent we realize the offsetting cash savings on our income taxes due to the tax goodwill and other intangibles deduction.

Business Combination Earn-out Liability and AWMS Earn-out Liability: The fair values of our Business Combination Earn-out Securities liability and our AWMS earn-out liability were determined using various significant unobservable inputs. The assumptions used could have a material impact on the valuation of these liabilities, and include our best estimate of expected volatility, expected holding periods and appropriate discounts for lack of marketability. Changes in the estimated fair values of these liabilities may have material impacts on our results of operations in any given period, as any increases in these liabilities have a corresponding negative impact on our US GAAP results of operations in the period in which the changes occur. See Note 2 (Summary of Significant Accounting Policies) for additional details.

Equity-based Compensation: The Company issued stock grants to certain employees as bonus compensation. The fair value of the grants was determined based on the share price on the date of issuance.

Fair Value of Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed in Business Combinations: The determination of the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations involves significant judgment and estimation. We utilize various valuation techniques, including discounted cash flow approach and market approach, to assess the fair value of identifiable assets and liabilities. These valuation methodologies incorporate assumptions regarding future cash inflows and outflows, discount rates, useful lives of assets, market multiples, and the realization of tax assets. Additionally, we allocate the purchase price consideration among identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed, considering any contingent consideration. The realization of tax assets is assessed based on historical performance, future taxable income projections, and applicable tax laws and regulations. Uncertainties and contingencies inherent in the fair value measurement process are carefully evaluated and disclosed as appropriate to ensure transparency in our financial reporting.

Fair Value of Reporting Units for Goodwill Impairment Testing: In assessing goodwill impairment, we determine the fair value of reporting units using established valuation methodologies, primarily the discounted cash flow approach and market approach. The income approach involves discounting future cash flows generated by the reporting units, considering key assumptions such as revenue growth rates, discount rates, terminal value calculations, and market multiples. Goodwill is allocated to reporting units, and impairment is evaluated by comparing the carrying amount of goodwill to the fair value of the reporting units. We conduct regular assessments for triggering events or changes in circumstances that may necessitate goodwill impairment testing. These disclosures ensure stakeholders understand the methodologies, assumptions, and sensitivities involved in our goodwill impairment testing process.

We conduct sensitivity analyses on key inputs and assumptions used in fair value measurements and critical accounting estimates to assess the potential impact on financial results. Changes in assumptions, such as discount rates, growth rates, or market multiples, are carefully evaluated to understand their effect on the fair value of assets, liabilities, or reporting units. Our sensitivity analysis considers a range of potential outcomes and their implications on financial reporting. Mitigating factors and risk management strategies are employed to address uncertainties and enhance the reliability of our financial disclosures. These disclosures provide stakeholders with insight into the robustness of our valuation methodologies and the degree of uncertainty inherent in our financial reporting process.

Fair Value of Constellation Warrants: The fair value of our Constellation Warrants uses various significant unobservable inputs and was determined by using the Black-Scholes-Merton Model. The assumptions used could have a material impact on the valuation of these liabilities, and include our best estimate of expected volatility, expected holding periods and appropriate discounts for lack of marketability. Changes in the estimated fair values of these liabilities may have material impacts on our results of operations in any given period, as any increases in these liabilities have a corresponding negative impact on our US GAAP results of operations in the period in which the changes occur.

Income Taxes

Significant judgment is required in determining the provision for income taxes and in evaluating income tax positions, including evaluating uncertainties. We recognize the income tax benefits of uncertain tax positions only where the position is “more likely than not” to be sustained upon examination, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation, based on the technical merits of the positions. The tax benefit is measured as the largest amount of benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. If a tax position is not considered more likely than not to be sustained, then no benefits of the position are recognized. The Company’s income tax positions are reviewed and evaluated quarterly to determine whether or not we have uncertain tax positions that require financial statement recognition or de-recognition.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences, using currently enacted tax rates, of differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period when the change is enacted. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

Variable Interest Entities

The determination of whether to consolidate a VIE under US GAAP requires a significant amount of judgment concerning the degree of control over an entity by its holders of variable interests. To make these judgments, we conduct an analysis, on a case-by-case basis, of whether we are the primary beneficiary and are therefore required to consolidate an entity. We continually reconsider whether we should consolidate a VIE. Upon the occurrence of certain events, such as modifications to organizational documents and investment management agreements of our products, we will reconsider our conclusion regarding the status of an entity as a VIE. Our judgement when analyzing the status of an entity and whether we consolidate an entity could have a material impact on individual line items within our consolidated financial statements, as a change in our conclusion would have the effect of grossing up the assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses of the entity being evaluated. In light of the relevantly insignificant direct and indirect investments into our products, the likelihood of a reasonable change in our estimation and judgement would likely not result in a change in our conclusions to consolidate or not consolidate any VIEs to which we have exposure.

Impact of Changes in Accounting on Recent and Future Trends

The Company has considered all newly issued accounting guidance that is applicable to its operations and the preparation of its unaudited condensed consolidated statements, including those it has not yet adopted. We believe that none of the changes to US GAAP that went into effect during the three months ended March 31, 2024, or that have been issued but that we have not yet adopted have substantively impacted our recent trends or are expected to substantively impact our future trends.

Our primary exposure to market risk is related to our role as wealth management advisor to our investment products and the sensitivity to movements in the market value of their investments, including the effect on management fees and investment income.

Market Risk

The market price of investments may significantly fluctuate during the period of investment and should their value decline, our fees may decline accordingly. Investments may decline in value due to factors affecting securities markets generally or particular industries represented in the securities markets. The value of an investment may decline due to general market conditions, which are not specifically related to such investment, such as real or perceived adverse economic conditions, changes in the general outlook for corporate earnings, changes in interest or currency rates, or adverse investor sentiment generally. It may also decline due to factors that affect a particular industry or industries, such as labor shortages or increased production costs and competitive conditions within an industry. The impact of changes in market risk on client specific liquidity or overall financial position, may result in client changing the asset holdings, including increasing or decreasing the non-billable portion of their asset portfolios. Such changes will also impact our fees.

Credit Risk

We are party to agreements providing where we provide services and such transactions contain an element of risk in the event that the counterparties are unable to meet the terms of such agreements. In such agreements, we depend on the counterparty to make payment or otherwise perform. We generally endeavor to minimize our risk of exposure through reviews of the financial condition of new clients and through collection of fees directly from client portfolios. For clients that generate fees from carried interest and/or preferred return, we periodically review the receivables for collectability and will make appropriate provision for credit losses, should circumstances warrant.

Interest Rate Risk

As of March 31, 2024, the Company had $187.5 million outstanding under our borrowing agreements, including $61.5 million outstanding on the Term Loan facility and $126.0 million outstanding on the Revolving Credit Facility:

The interest rate on our financing agreements fluctuates with changes in 3-month and 6-month SOFR, which at March 31, 2024 were 5.41% and 5.74%, respectively. The weighted average interest rate on outstanding borrowings as of March 31, 2023, was 9.48%.

Based on the floating rate component of our financing agreements payable as of March 31, 2024, we estimate that a 100 basis point increase in interest rates would result in increased interest expense of approximately $1.9 million over the next 12 months.

Exchange Rate Risk

We and our funds hold investments that are denominated in foreign currencies that may be affected by movements in the rate of exchange between those currencies and the U.S. dollar. Movements in the exchange rate between currencies impact the management fees, carried interest and incentive fees earned by funds with fee paying AUM denominated in foreign currencies as well as by funds with fee paying AUM denominated in U.S. dollars that hold investments denominated in foreign currencies. Additionally, movements in the exchange rate impact operating expenses for our global offices that transact in foreign currencies and the revaluation of assets and liabilities denominated in non-functional currencies, including cash balances and investments.

We monitor our exposure to exchange rate risks in the course of our regular operating activities, wherein we utilize payments received in foreign currencies to fulfill obligations in foreign currencies. When appropriate, we will use of derivative financial instruments to hedge the net foreign currency exposure from certain direct investments denominated in foreign currencies and the cash flow exposure from our foreign based subsidiaries.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”)) as of March 31, 2024. Disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in our Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of March 31, 2024, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective due to material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting, as further described below in Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting.

As previously disclosed in Part II, Item 9 of our Annual Report, management identified material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting relating to the lack of sufficiently documented risk assessments, process level controls and information technology controls that support our financial statements and reporting. Further, management has commenced, but as of March 31, 2024 has not completed its efforts to design and implement a testing plan to determine the effectiveness of controls that support our financial statements and reporting. As a result, several specific material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting remain as of March 31, 2024, as discussed below.

Management is in the process of implementing a remediation plan for these material weaknesses, including, among other things, hiring additional accounting personnel, completing its efforts to design and implement process level and management review controls and to sufficiently document and implement policies to ensure financial statement disclosures are complete and accurate and to identify and address emerging risks. We cannot reasonably estimate the cost of such remediation plan at this time. We can give no assurance that such efforts will remediate these deficiencies in internal control over financial reporting or that additional material weaknesses in its internal control over financial reporting will not be identified in the future. Failure to implement and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting could result in errors in our consolidated financial statements that could result in a restatement of our financial statements, may subject us to litigation and investigations, and could cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations, any of which could diminish investor confidence, cause a decline in the price of the Class A Common Stock and limit our ability to access capital markets.

The material weaknesses, if not remediated, could result in misstatements of accounts or disclosures that would result in a material misstatement to the annual consolidated financial statements or the interim condensed consolidated financial statements that would not be prevented or detected.

Our management anticipates that our internal control over financial reporting will not be effective until the above material weaknesses are remediated. If our remediation of these material weaknesses is not effective, or we experience additional material weaknesses in the future or otherwise fail to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting in the future, the accuracy and timing of our financial reporting may be adversely affected, we may be unable to maintain compliance with securities law requirements regarding timely filing of periodic reports in addition to the Nasdaq listing requirements, investors may lose confidence in our financial reporting, and the price of our common stock may decline as a result.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the three months ended March 31, 2024, covered by this Quarterly Report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

This section supplements and updates certain of the information found under Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” of our Annual Report, based on information currently known to us and recent developments since the date of the Annual Report filing. The matters discussed below should be read in conjunction with the risks described in Part I. Item 1A. “Risk Factors” of our Annual Report. However, the risks and uncertainties that we face are not limited to those described below and those set forth in the Annual Report. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently believe to be immaterial may also adversely affect our business and the trading price of our common stock.

We may face damage to our professional reputation and legal liability if our services are not regarded as satisfactory or for other reasons.

In recent years, the volume of claims and amount of damages claimed in litigation and regulatory proceedings against financial advisors and investment managers has been increasing. Our asset management and advisory activities may expose us to the risk of significant legal liabilities to our clients and third parties, including our clients’ stockholders or beneficiaries, under securities or other laws and regulations for, for example, materially false or misleading statements made in connection with securities and other transactions. We make investment decisions on behalf of our clients that could result in substantial losses. Since November 2022, Home REIT and AHRA, which served as its investment advisor until June 30, 2023, have been the subject of allegations regarding Home REIT’s operations, stemming from a report issued by a short seller and Home REIT has seen its financial performance materially decline. AlTi was formed on January 3, 2023 through a business combination transaction that included certain legacy Alvarium companies. Although AHRA was sold prior to the business combination and has never been a subsidiary of AlTi, we were required under GAAP to consolidate its results in our financial statements until June 30, 2023, when it was deconsolidated. HLIF pursues a similar investment strategy to Home REIT and its financial performance has similarly declined significantly since the end of 2021. The historic management of these funds by certain legacy Alvarium entities is now the subject of investigations by the UK FCA and, in the case of Home REIT, potential claims are being asserted by its current and former shareholders and, separately, by Home REIT and its directors. We no longer provide services to Home REIT and are in the process of transitioning the management of HLIF. Once this is completed the legacy Alvarium companies that provided these services will cease operating. Notwithstanding this, we or our subsidiaries may potentially suffer reputational damage from the allegations concerning the management of Home REIT or HLIF. Further, we may be subject to the risk of legal and regulatory liabilities or actions alleging breach of regulatory rules and/or principles, negligence, misconduct (including deceit), breach of fiduciary duty or breach of contract. In particular, although the UK FCA’s investigations concerning the historic management of Home REIT and HLIF have only recently commenced and their outcomes cannot be known or anticipated as at the date of this Quarterly Report, any financial penalties or other adverse outcomes resulting from these investigations adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. Similarly, if any litigation or other action is commenced against AFM UK and/or ARE in connection with Home REIT, whilst it is not possible at this point in time for us to reliably assess the quantum of such claims, or AFM UK’s and ARE’s potential exposure, such claims may potentially be material to the Company and, although we would intend to defend ourselves in any such claims, an adverse outcome could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. These risks often may be difficult to assess or quantify and their existence and magnitude often remain unknown for substantial periods of time. We may incur significant legal expenses in defending litigation and responding to the regulatory investigations. In addition, negative publicity and press speculation about us, our investment activities or the private markets in general, whether or not based in truth, or litigation or regulatory action against us or any third-party managers recommended by us or involving us may tarnish our reputation and harm our ability to attract and retain clients. Substantial legal or regulatory liability could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations or cause significant reputational harm to us, which could seriously harm our business.

We may face damage to our professional reputation and legal liability if our services are not regarded as satisfactory or for other reasons.

In recent years, the volume of claims and amount of damages claimed in litigation and regulatory proceedings against financial advisors and investment managers has been increasing. Our asset management and advisory activities may expose us to the risk of significant legal liabilities to our clients and third parties, including our clients’ stockholders or beneficiaries, under securities or other laws and regulations for, for example, materially false or misleading statements made in connection with securities and other transactions. We make investment decisions on behalf of our clients that could result in substantial losses. Since November 2022, Home REIT and AHRA, which served as its investment advisor until June 30, 2023, have been the subject of allegations regarding Home REIT’s operations, stemming from a report issued by a short seller and Home REIT has seen its financial performance materially decline. AlTi was formed on January 3, 2023 through a business combination transaction that included certain legacy Alvarium companies. Although AHRA was sold prior to the business combination and has never been a subsidiary of AlTi, we were required under GAAP to consolidate its results in our financial statements until June 30, 2023, when it was deconsolidated. HLIF pursues a similar investment strategy to Home REIT and its financial performance has similarly declined significantly since the end of 2021. The historic management of these funds by certain legacy Alvarium entities is now the subject of investigations by the UK FCA and, in the case of Home REIT, potential claims are being asserted by its current and former shareholders and, separately, by Home REIT and its directors. We no longer provide services to Home REIT and are in the process of transitioning the management of HLIF. Once this is completed the legacy Alvarium companies that provided these services will cease operating. Notwithstanding this, we or our subsidiaries may potentially suffer reputational damage from the allegations concerning the management of Home REIT or HLIF. Further, we may be subject to the risk of legal and regulatory liabilities or actions alleging breach of regulatory rules and/or principles, negligence, misconduct (including deceit), breach of fiduciary duty or breach of contract. In particular, although the UK FCA’s investigations concerning the historic management of Home REIT and HLIF have only recently commenced and their outcomes cannot be known or anticipated as at the date of this Quarterly Report, any financial penalties or other adverse outcomes resulting from these investigations may adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. Similarly, if any litigation or other action is commenced against AFM UK and/or ARE in connection with Home REIT, whilst it is not possible at this point in time for us to reliably assess the quantum of such claims, or AFM UK’s and ARE’s potential exposure, such claims may potentially be material to the Company and, although we would intend to defend ourselves in any such claims, an adverse outcome could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. These risks often may be difficult to assess or quantify and their existence and magnitude often remain unknown for substantial periods of time. We may incur significant legal expenses in defending litigation and responding to the regulatory investigations. In addition, negative publicity and press speculation about us, our investment activities or the private markets in general, whether or not based in truth, or litigation or regulatory action against us or any third-party managers recommended by us or involving us may tarnish our reputation and harm our ability to attract and retain clients. Substantial legal or regulatory liability could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations or cause significant reputational harm to us, which could seriously harm our business.