AlTi Global, Inc.: Form 10-Q for the period ended Jun 30, 2025

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS OF ALTI GLOBAL, INC.

In this section, unless the context otherwise requires, references to “AlTi,” “we,” “us,” and “our” are intended to mean the business and operations of AlTi and its consolidated subsidiaries. The following discussion analyzes the financial condition and results of operations of AlTi and should be read in conjunction with the condensed consolidated audited financial statements and the related notes included in this Quarterly Report.

Amounts and percentages presented throughout our discussion and analysis of the financial condition and results of operations may reflect rounded results in thousands (unless otherwise indicated) and consequently, totals may not appear to sum.

Our Business

AlTi is an independent global wealth manager providing entrepreneurs, multi-generational families, institutions, and emerging next-generation leaders with fiduciary advisory services, underscored by a commitment to impact or values-aligned investing. We manage or advise approximately $97.2 billion in combined assets as of June 30, 2025. We have approximately 520 professionals operating in 19 cities in 9 countries across three continents as of June 30, 2025. We provide holistic solutions for our wealth management and Outsourced Chief Investment Officer (“OCIO”) clients through an array of services, including discretionary investment management services, non-discretionary investment advisory services, estate and wealth planning, trust and fiduciary, governance and education, philanthropy and purposeful giving, and family office services. We also provide our wealth management clients with access to alternative investment opportunities, including investments in strategies and asset classes to which they would otherwise likely not be able to gain exposure.

Separately, we have one internally managed fund and stakes in three externally-managed funds in our alternatives platform, with a largely institutional client base.

Fee Structure

Our services generate a diverse array of revenue streams that fall broadly into four categories: (i) recurring management, advisory, trustee, or administration fees (“management fees”); (ii) performance or incentive fees; (iii) distributions from investments and (iv) other income or fees:

• Management / advisory fees are historically more predictable across market conditions than our other revenue sources. These fees are recurring in nature (usually being annual or quarterly fees) and are earned from investment management, investment advisory, trusts, and family office services. The recurring nature of these fees is underpinned by the client retention rate of wealth management services which means that these fees are also relatively stable.
• Incentive or performance fees are comprised primarily of annual performance or incentive fees which may be earned by providing investment management and advisory as well as fund management activities to our Capital Solutions and international wealth management businesses. These fees, being performance related, are variable in nature and more susceptible to impact from exogenous factors. As a result, performance and incentive fees provide potential upside to our revenues in the future and, in our view, can be highly accretive to our profitability.
• Distributions from investments are generated from the equity interests we have in three external managers. Distributions from each external manager are recorded upon receipt of the distribution. These distributions are generated through our equity interest in the external manager’s management fees and incentive fees. The management fee component of the distributions is recurring in nature, while the incentive portion, which is performance based, is more susceptible to impact from exogenous factors.
• Other income or fees included primarily transaction fees from businesses we are in the process of exiting such as brokerage and placement agency services. Transaction fees are generally non-recurring in nature, are typically commission based, and are payable on the successful completion of a transaction.

Wealth & Capital Solutions Income

Management Fees

Investment management or advisory fees are the primary source of revenue in our Wealth & Capital Solutions segment. These fees are generally calculated on the basis of a percentage of the value of each client’s assets (AUM or AUA) and are charged using either an average daily balance or ending balance, quarterly in arrears. Fees from internal fund management and advisory services related to our capital solutions platform are approximately 0.75% to 1.5% of the net asset value of the underlying investments.

AUM refers to the market value of all assets that we manage, provide discretionary investment advisory services on, and have execution responsibility for, including both billable assets (on which we charge fees) and non-billable assets (exempt from fees, such as cash and cash equivalents in certain client agreements). AUM also includes assets managed or supervised by operating partner subsidiaries, affiliates, and joint ventures in which the Company holds a majority or minority stake. AUA consists of all assets we oversee and report on, regardless of whether fees are charged. While billable assets are those on which we charge fees, non-billable assets—such as cash and cash equivalents in certain agreed-upon situations, personally owned real estate, and other designated assets—are exempt. Our calculations of AUM and AUA may differ from those used by other wealth managers, and as a result, these measures may not be comparable to similar metrics presented by others in the industry.

The fees vary depending upon the level and complexity of client assets and the services being provided. The fee typically covers investment advisory services and basic estate and wealth planning services. The more complex estate and wealth planning services, as well as our Trustee service, and certain extended family office services, are typically billed separately, as a fixed or time-based amount.

Incentive Fees

TIG Arbitrage is entitled to receive incentive fees from the assets it manages if certain performance returns have been achieved. These incentive fees range from 15% to 20% of net profits. In compliance with ASC 606, we recognize these fees only when it is probable that a significant revenue reversal will not occur. Our incentive fees are not subject to clawback provisions.

In selected jurisdictions, certain wealth management clients pay performance or incentive fees, in addition to management fees, if their portfolio achieves returns in excess of an agreed benchmark or hurdle rate. Typically, such fees are paid annually upon crystallization and are not accrued prior to being earned.

Distributions from Investments

Distributions from investments are earned through our profit or revenue sharing arrangements with the External Strategic Managers. Our economic interests in the External Strategic Managers are as follows:

• Real Estate Bridge Lending Strategy—21% profit share;
• European Equities—25% revenue share; and
• Asian Credit and Special Situations—12% revenue share

The External Strategic Managers distributions from investments are all driven by a management fee component while the distributions from European Equities and Asian Credit and Special Situations also have an incentive fee component depending on performance. Depending on the fund, the incentive fee component can range from 15% to 35% of the net profit/income, in excess of a 10% return hurdle.

International Real Estate Income

We earn management fees through private real estate fund advisory and recurring fees. These fees, governed by an investment advisory agreement, are calculated on a sliding scale based on the fund’s net asset value. As a sponsor of private market transactions, the Co-Investment businesses generate income from debt and equity structures, including arrangement, management, advisory, performance, and transaction fees. If we established feeder vehicles for clients, additional administration and advisory fees also applied.

On July 11, 2025, after conducting the previously announced strategic review of the International Real Estate Businesses, the Company announced the appointment of Teneo to conduct an orderly wind-down of its IRE business. Income related to that business may be impacted by the appointment of the administrator.

Market Trends and Business Environment

Our business performance is directly and indirectly influenced by U.S. and to a lesser extent, global financial market and macroeconomic conditions including economic growth, interest rates and inflation. These factors shape market behavior and client decision-making, which in turn impact the demand for our wealth management services and the composition of assets under management.

The second quarter of 2025 was marked by significant volatility and a strong rebound in global equity markets. After recovering from the April tariff shocks, U.S. and global markets delivered strong gains in the quarter. The S&P 500, Nasdaq Composite and MSCI ACWI ex USA index returned 10.9%, 18%, and 12%, respectively, as of June 30, 2025.

According to the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, real GDP advanced at an annual rate of 3% in the second quarter of 2025 and marked a significant turnaround from the first quarter final estimate of (0.5)%.

Inflation also remained elevated in the quarter as tariffs boosted prices for imported goods. According to the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, core Personal Consumption Expenditures (PCE) price index—a key inflation gauge—rose at an annualized rate of 2.6% in the twelve months through June, after increasing 2.4% in May.

In the second quarter of the year, the unemployment rate remained relatively stable. At June, the rate was 4.1% according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Our operations are also impacted by interest rates, which cause the value of our clients’ portfolios to fluctuate, and consequently impact our revenue. Changes in interest rates are largely influenced by Federal Reserve policy decisions to address the state of the economy, specifically employment and inflation. In its June 2025 meeting, the Federal Reserve maintained the federal funds rate in the range of 4.25% to 4.50%, a decision reflecting a cautious stance amidst ongoing global and domestic uncertainties.

We continue to monitor developments related to these macroeconomic factors and assess their potential impact on both financial markets and our business. A slowdown in inflows or sustained market declines could negatively affect our future results, potentially leading to reduced management fees. At this time, the full impact of these events on financial markets, the broader economy, and our financial statements remains uncertain. For more information, please refer to Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” of our Annual Report for previously disclosed risk factors.

Managing Business Performance and Key Financial Measures

Non-US GAAP Financial Measures

We use Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted EBITDA as non-US GAAP financial measures, which do not have uniform definitions. Adjusted EBITDA is derived from and reconciled to, but not equivalent to, its most directly comparable US GAAP measure of net income (loss). Adjusted Net Income represents net income (loss) before taxes adjusted for the components outlined in the following table which presents the non-US GAAP financial measures for the periods indicated:

(Dollars in Thousands)

85

(Dollars in Thousands)

(a) Add-back of non-cash expense related to awards of Class A Common stock (approved post-Business Combination).

(b) Add-back of non-cash expense related to awards of Class A Common stock (approved pre-Business Combination).

(c) Add-back of transaction expenses related to the Business Combination, subsequent acquisitions or divestitures, and issuance of preferred and common stock, including compensation arrangements, legal fees, accounting advisory fees, litigation settlements, technology implementations, consultancy fees, and M&A-related audit fees among others.

(d) Add-back of the change in unrealized gains/losses related to Investments held at fair value.

(e) Add-back of the change in fair value of the earnout liabilities.

(f) Add-back of the change in unrealized gains/losses related primarily to the TRA liability.

(g) Add-back of cost to implement organization change to derive cost synergy, including consulting fees, severance charges, technology implementation costs, and bad debt expense related to strategic portfolio realignment.

(h) Add-back of impairment of carried interest/equity method investments.

(i) Add-back of the amortization of the step-up in equity method investments.

(j) Add-back of reported interest, depreciation, amortization, and tax adjustments of the Company’s equity method investments.

(k) Add-back of the change in fair value of Preferred stock tranche liability.

Reconciliation of Consolidated US GAAP Financial Measures to Certain Non-US GAAP Measures

We use Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted EBITDA as non-US GAAP measures to assess and track our performance. Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted EBITDA as presented in this Quarterly Report are supplemental measures of our performance that are not required by, or presented in accordance with, US GAAP.

The following table presents the reconciliation of net income as reported in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations to Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted EBITDA for the periods indicated:

(Dollars in Thousands)

87

(Dollars in Thousands)

(a) Add-back of non-cash expense related to awards of Class A Common stock (approved post-Business Combination).

(b) Add-back of non-cash expense related to awards of Class A Common stock (approved pre-Business Combination).

(c) Add-back of transaction expenses related to the Business Combination, subsequent acquisitions or divestitures, and issuance of preferred and common stock, including compensation arrangements, legal fees, accounting advisory fees, technology implementation costs, litigation settlements, and M&A-related audit fees among others.

(d) Add-back of the change in unrealized gains/losses related primarily to the TRA liability.

(e) Add-back of the change in unrealized gains/losses related to Investments held at fair value.

(f) Add-back of the change in fair value of the earnout liabilities.

(g) Add-back of cost to implement organization change to derive cost synergy, including consulting fees, severance charges, technology implementation costs, and bad debt expense related to strategic portfolio realignment.

(h) Add-back of impairment of carried interest/equity method investments.

(i) Add-back of the amortization of the step-up in equity method investments.

(j) Add-back of reported interest, depreciation, amortization, and tax adjustments of the Company’s equity method investments.

(k) Add-back of the change in fair value of Preferred stock tranche liability.

Operating Metrics

We monitor certain operating metrics that are common to the wealth and asset management industry, which are discussed below.

Wealth Management & Capital Solutions

Wealth Management

Wealth Management - AUM

AUM refers to the market value of all assets that we manage, provide discretionary investment advisory services on, and have execution responsibility for. Although we have investment responsibility for AUM, we include both billable (assets charged fees) and non-billable assets (assets exempt from fees) in our AUM calculation (e.g., we have agreements with certain clients under which we do not bill on certain securities or cash and cash equivalents held within their portfolio). AUM includes the value of all assets managed or supervised by operating partner subsidiaries, affiliates, and joint ventures in which the Company holds either a majority or minority stake. Our calculations of AUM and AUA may differ from the calculation methodologies of other wealth managers and, as a result, this measure may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other wealth managers.

The table below presents the change in our total AUM for the wealth management businesses within the Wealth & Capital Solutions segment for the periods indicated:

(Dollars in Millions)

Wealth Management - AUA

AUA includes all assets we manage as defined above, oversee, and report on. We view AUA as a core metric to measure our investment and fundraising performance as it includes non-financial assets (e.g., real estate) that are not included in AUM, investment consulting assets (not included in AUM but revenue generating) and other assets that we do not charge fees upon and do not have responsibility for investment execution responsibility, but the reporting of which is valued by our clients. AUA includes the value of all assets managed or supervised by operating partner subsidiaries, affiliates, and joint ventures in which the Company holds either a majority or minority stake. Our calculations of AUA and AUM may differ from the calculation methodologies of other wealth managers and, as a result, this measure may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other wealth managers.

The table below presents the change in our total AUA for the wealth management businesses within the Wealth & Capital Solutions segment for the periods indicated:

(Dollars in Millions)

Capital Solutions

Investments in Alternative Platforms - AUM/AUA

Within the Alternatives platform, assets consist of assets managed by TIG Arbitrage (AUM $1.8 billion and $1.7 billion as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively), and the External Strategic Managers (AUA $5.2 billion and $5.1 billion as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively).

The tables below present the change in our total AUM/AUA by strategy and product for our alternatives platform for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024:

Alternatives Platform

(Dollars in Millions)

90

(Dollars in Millions)

(Dollars in Millions)

(Dollars in Millions)

91

International Real Estate - AUM/AUA

The Company’s International Real Estate AUM/AUA includes the following:

• Co-investment real estate advisory services, where we include the value of our private market direct and co-investment real estate investments (AUA $9.1 billion and $8.1 billion as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively); and
• Assets managed in a private real estate investment fund (AUM $0.3 billion as of both June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024) from which we generate fee revenue. The Company’s reported value of these assets is either the net asset value or the market capitalization of the fund.

The table below presents the change in our total AUM/AUA for our Real Estate - Private Funds for our International Real Estate segment for the periods indicated:

(Dollars in Millions)

* AUA is reported with a one quarter lag for HLIF as management fees are billed on that basis.

Components of Consolidated Results of Income

Revenues

Management/Advisory Fees

For services provided to each client account, the Company charges investment management, custody, and/or trustee fees based on the fair value of the assets of such account (“Management/advisory fees”). The Company invoices clients based on the terms outlined in the signed customer contract (e.g., quarterly in arrears or in advance) based on the fair market value or net asset value. For those assets for which valuations are not available on a daily basis, the most recent valuation provided to the Company is used as the fair value for the purpose of calculating the quarterly fee.

The customer exchanges consideration to obtain services that are the output of the Company’s ordinary activities, which are investment management services provided to each client account. Further, none of the scope exceptions under ASC 606-10-15-2 apply to the Management/advisory fees; therefore, they are in the scope of ASC 606.

Incentive Fees

Incentive or performance fees are comprised primarily of annual performance or incentive fees which may be earned by providing investment management and advisory as well as fund management activities to our Capital Solutions and international wealth management businesses. The Company is entitled to receive incentive fees if certain targeted returns have been achieved as stipulated in its customer contracts. The incentive fees are generally calculated using 15% to 20% of the net profit its customers earn. Incentive fees are generally calculated and recognized when it is probable that there will be no significant reversal.

Distributions from Investments

The Company has equity interests in External Strategic Managers pursuant to which it is entitled to distributions based on the terms of the respective arrangements. Distributions from each investment will be recorded upon receipt of the distribution. The Company receives distributions from External Strategic Managers through profit or revenue sharing arrangements that are generated through recurring management fees and non-recurring incentive fees based on performance of the underlying investments.

Other Fees

The Company generates arrangement fees in its co-investment division by arranging private debt or equity financing, generally in connection with an acquisition. Arrangement fees range from 0.5% to 1.75% of the equity value contributed into a transaction and are payable upon close of the deal. The Company also generates brokerage fees which are similar to arrangement fees except that they are generally paid for assisting public companies in raising capital.

Expenses

Compensation and Employee Benefits: Compensation generally includes salaries, bonuses, other performance-based compensation such as commissions, long-term deferral programs, benefits, and payroll taxes. Compensation is accrued over the related service period and long-term deferral program awards are paid out based on the various vesting dates.

General, Administrative and Other Expenses: General, administrative and other expenses include costs primarily related to professional services, occupancy, travel, communication and information services, distribution costs, and other general operating items.

Depreciation and Amortization Expenses: Fixed assets are depreciated or amortized on a straight-line basis, with the corresponding depreciation and amortization expense included within depreciation and amortization in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations. The estimated useful life for leasehold improvements is the lesser of the remaining lease term or the life of the asset, while other fixed assets are generally depreciated over a period of three to fifteen years.

Interest Expense: Interest expense consists of the interest expense on our outstanding debt, amortization of deferred financing costs, and amortization of original issue discount.

Income Tax Expense: Income tax expense consists of taxes paid or payable by our consolidated operating subsidiaries. Certain of our subsidiaries are treated as flow-through entities for federal income tax purposes and, accordingly, are not subject to federal and state income taxes, as such taxes are the responsibility of certain direct and indirect owners of the flow-through entities. However, the flow-through entities are subjected to UBT and certain other state taxes. A portion of our operations is conducted through domestic and foreign corporations that are subject to corporate level taxes and for which we record current and deferred income taxes at the prevailing rates in the various jurisdictions in which these entities operate.

Results of Operations

Condensed Consolidated Results of Operations – For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2025 Compared to the Three Months Ended June 30, 2024

(Dollars in Thousands)

Revenue

Management / advisory fees. Management and advisory fees for the three months ended June 30, 2025, increased by $3.0 million compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024. This increase was driven by higher fees in our Wealth Management sector, primarily due to increases in our AUM both domestically and internationally amid strong market performance. These gains were partially offset by lower management fees in the TIG Arbitrage strategy due to fund outflows.

Incentive fees. For the three months ended June 30, 2025, incentive fees increased by $0.4 million compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024. This increase is attributable to fund redemptions resulting in crystallized incentive fees in the TIG Arbitrage strategy within Wealth & Capital Solutions for the current year, which led to higher crystallized incentive fees in the current period.

Distributions from investments. Distributions from investments for the three months ended June 30, 2025 increased by $0.4 million compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024. This increase was primarily due to higher distributions related to management fees in the Real Estate Bridge Lending Strategy and partially offset by lower distributions in the Asian Credit and Special Situation strategies within Wealth & Capital Solutions in the current period.

Other fees / income. Other fees and income for the three months ended June 30, 2025 was relatively flat compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024 with a slight decrease of $0.1 million related to lower fees in the International Real Estate segment.

Expenses

Compensation expense. Compensation expense for the three months ended June 30, 2025 increased by $5.7 million compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024. This increase was primarily due to higher compensation costs tied to acquisition-related earn-outs and new equity grants and to organizational streamlining initiatives that continue to be undertaken in 2025.

Non-compensation expense. Non-compensation expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2025 increased by $13.2 million as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024, primarily driven by a $10.8 million increase in one-time professional fees and a $2.1 million increase in general, administrative and other costs due to foreign exchange movement, irrecoverable VAT, and non-recurring bad debt provisions.

Other income (expenses)

Other income (expenses) for the three months ended June 30, 2025 decreased by $9.4 million compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024, primarily driven by the change in fair value of earn-out liabilities as a result of share price changes and forecasted performance. During the three months ended June 30, 2025, a loss on earn-out liabilities of $(7.4) million was recognized as compared to a loss on earn-out liabilities of $(1.9) million for the three months ended June 30, 2024.

Taxes

The Company’s effective tax rate was 13.6% for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to 7.8% for three months ended June 30, 2024. The effective tax rate for the three months ended June 30, 2024 differed from the statutory U.S. corporate tax rate primarily due to the tax impact of mark-to-market losses associated with contingent liabilities, equity consideration in the Business Combination, and nondeductible professional fees incurred in connection with the Business Combination. The effective tax rate for the three months ended June 30, 2025 differed from the statutory U.S. corporate tax rate primarily due to the impact of valuation allowance with respect to deferred tax assets generated in the Company’s subsidiaries in the U.K. and in the Company’s investment in subsidiary, certain gains recognized on contingent liabilities for which no tax liability is recognized, and state and local taxes.

Condensed Consolidated Results of Operations – For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 Compared to the Six Months Ended June 30, 2024

(Dollars in Thousands)

95

Revenue

Management / advisory fees. Management and advisory fees for the six months ended June 30, 2025, increased by $2.4 million compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024. This increase was driven by higher fees in our Wealth Management sector, primarily due to higher AUM amounts year over year. These gains were partially offset by lower management fees in the TIG Arbitrage strategy due to fund outflows, and in International Real Estate, due to the disposition of LRA.

Incentive fees. For the six months ended June 30, 2025, incentive fees increased by $0.3 million compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024. This increase is attributable to fund redemptions resulting in crystallized incentive fees in the TIG Arbitrage strategy within Wealth & Capital Solutions for the current year, which led to higher crystallized incentive fees in the current period.

Distributions from investments. Distributions from investments for the six months ended June 30, 2025 increased by $8.5 million compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024. This increase was primarily due to higher distributions related to incentive fees in the European Equities and Asian Credit and Special Situation strategies within Wealth & Capital Solutions in the current period resulting from stronger performance in both of these strategies compared to the prior year.

Other fees / income. Other fees and income for the six months ended June 30, 2025 decreased by $0.4 million compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024. This decrease was primarily driven by lower transactional income in International Real Estate, as we are in the process of exiting businesses that generate such fees, which generated $26.0 thousand in fees for the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to $386.0 thousand for the six months ended June 30, 2024.

Expenses

Compensation expense. Compensation expense for the six months ended June 30, 2025 increased by $8.4 million compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024. This increase was primarily due to higher compensation costs tied to acquisition-related earn-outs and new equity grants and to organizational streamlining initiatives that continue to be undertaken in 2025.

Non-compensation expense. Non-compensation expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2025 increased by $16.4 million as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024, primarily driven by a $10.4 million increase in one-time professional fees and a $3.1 million increase in general, administrative and other costs due to foreign exchange movements, irrecoverable VAT, and one-time bad debt provisions.

Other income (expenses)

Other income (expenses) for the six months ended June 30, 2025 decreased by $(37.6) million compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024, primarily driven by the change in fair value of earn-out liabilities as a result of share price changes and forecasted performance. During the six months ended June 30, 2025, loss on earn-out liabilities of $5.2 million was recognized as compared to a gain on earn-out liabilities of $37.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024.

Taxes

The Company’s effective tax rate was 16.1% for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to (3.2)% for six months ended June 30, 2024. The effective tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2024 differed from the statutory U.S. corporate tax rate primarily due to the tax impact of mark-to-market losses associated with contingent liabilities, equity consideration in the Business Combination, and nondeductible professional fees incurred in connection with the Business Combination. The effective tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2025 differed from the statutory U.S. corporate tax rate primarily due to the impact of valuation allowance with respect to deferred tax assets generated in the Company’s subsidiaries in the U.K. and in the Company’s investment in subsidiary, certain gains recognized on contingent liabilities for which no tax liability is recognized, and state and local taxes.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Management assesses liquidity in terms of our ability to generate cash to fund operating, investing, and financing activities. Management takes a prudent approach to ensure the Company’s liquidity will continue to be sufficient for its foreseeable working capital needs, contractual obligations, distribution payments and strategic initiatives.

During the fourth quarter ended December 31 2024, the Company repaid its debt outstanding under the bank credit facility (see Note 14 (Debt, net of unamortized deferred financing costs) to our condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report) with the proceeds raised from the Allianz Transaction and the Constellation Transaction (see Note 1 (Description of the Business) to our condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report). On January 3, 2023, concurrent with the consummation of the Business Combination, the Company had entered into a $250.0 million credit facility with a syndicate led by BMO Capital Markets Corp. The facility, which had a term of five years and was comprised of a $150.0 million revolving credit facility and a $100.0 million term loan facility, was to be used to pay down subsidiary debt and fund growth initiatives.

Allianz and Constellation Investment

On February 22, 2024, the Company entered into an Investment Agreement (the “Allianz Investment Agreement”) with Allianz, pursuant to which, among other things, at the closing of the transaction, and based on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth therein: (i) Allianz purchased in the aggregate $250 million of the Company’s capital securities, consisting of (a) 140,000 shares of a newly created class of Series A Preferred Stock, with a liquidation preference of $1,000 per share and (b) 19,318,580.96 shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock, and (ii) the Company issued to Allianz warrants to purchase 5,000,000 shares of Class A Common Stock at an exercise price of $7.40 per share of Class A Common Stock, subject to customary adjustments (the “Allianz Warrants”). As of June 30, 2025, none of the Allianz Warrants have been exercised.

In addition, on February 22, 2024, the Company entered into a Supplemental Series A Preferred Stock Investment Agreement with Allianz, pursuant to which, for purposes of funding one or more strategic international acquisitions by the Company or its subsidiaries, Allianz is permitted, at its option, to purchase up to 50,000 additional shares of Series A Preferred Stock up to an aggregate amount equal to $50.0 million.

Consummation of the Allianz Transaction closed as of July 31, 2024. Refer to Note 1 (Description of the Business) in our accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements for additional details.

Concurrently with the Company’s execution of the Allianz Investment Agreement, the Company entered into an Investment Agreement with Constellation (the “Constellation Investment Agreement”). On March 27, 2024, the Company completed the sale to Constellation of 115,000 shares of a newly created class of preferred stock designated Series C Preferred Stock for a purchase price equal to $115.0 million and issued to Constellation warrants to purchase 1,533,333 shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock at an exercise price of $7.40 per share (the “Constellation Warrants”) in each case on terms consistent with the Constellation Investment Agreement.

On May 15, 2024, in accordance with the Constellation Investment Agreement, the Company completed the sale to Constellation of 35,000 additional shares of Series C Preferred Stock for a purchase price equal to $35 million and issued additional Constellation Warrants to purchase 466,667 shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock. As of June 30, 2025, none of the Constellation Warrants have been exercised.

Cash Flows

For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 Compared to the Six Months Ended June 30, 2024

The following tables and discussion summarize our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows by activity attributable to AlTi for the periods indicated. Negative amounts represent an outflow or use of cash.

(Dollars in Thousands)

Cash and cash equivalents decreased by $23.1 million during the six months ended June 30, 2025 primarily due to the Company’s net operating and activities during the period, partially offset by the Company’s net investing and financing activities during the period.

Operating Activities

Our cash inflows from operating activities are comprised of cash collected through management and advisory fees, incentive fees, distributions from investments, and other income/fees. Cash outflows primarily include operating expenses, with the most significant components being compensation and benefits and professional fees. Our net operating cash outflow of $50.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025, was primarily driven by decreases in Accrued compensation and profit sharing in addition to Accounts payable and accrued expenses of $20.8 million and $14.6 million, respectively. Management believes that continued efforts to implement cost rationalization initiatives and to deploy recently raised capital in accretive businesses will further reduce operating cash outflows as the Company scales and matures.

Our net operating cash outflow of $45.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, was primarily driven by the decrease in Accrued compensation and profit sharing of $31.6 million and the level of professional fees and resulting decrease in Accounts payable and accrued expenses of $16.0 million, which were elevated during that period due to the high usage of professional services firms in connection with capital raising and other financing activities and related to supporting the Company’s evolving financial reporting infrastructure.

Investing Activities

Net cash provided by investing activities of $13.3 million during the six months ended June 30, 2025, was driven primarily by the proceeds received of $20.4 million from the sale of an equity method investment, partially offset by the acquisition of Kontora, net of cash acquired of $6.6 million.

Net cash provided by investing activities of $23.7 million during the six months ended June 30, 2024, primarily related to proceeds received of $32.2 million from the sale of LXi.

Financing Activities

Net cash used in financing activities of $12.0 million during the six months ended June 30, 2025, primarily resulted from the issuance of additional preferred stock.

Net cash provided by financing activities of $112.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, primarily were driven by the issuance of preferred equity and warrants to Constellation Wealth Capital of $145.7 million, net of transaction costs paid.

Contractual Obligations

Tax Receivable Agreement

As discussed in Note 19 (Commitments and Contingencies) to our condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report, we may in the future be required to make payments under the TRA.

Pursuant to the TRA, the Company will pay certain parties to the Business Combination 85% of certain tax benefits, if any, that it realizes (or in certain cases is deemed to realize) as a result of any increase in tax basis of the assets of Umbrella related to the Business Combination.

Amounts payable under the TRA are contingent upon (i) the generation of taxable income in the Company over the life of the TRA, (ii) the tax rates in effect as of time periods in which tax benefits are used, and (iii) certain terms governing the rate of interest to be applied to payments under the TRA.

As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the liability associated with the TRA was approximately $30.4 million and $28.8 million, respectively. Payments under the TRA that are on account of liabilities arising in connection with the Business Combination will be revalued at the end of each reporting period with the gain or loss recognized in earnings. As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company carried $9.8 million and $9.4 million, respectively, of its TRA liability at fair value, as it is contingent consideration from the Business Combination. The remaining portion of the TRA liability is carried at a value equal to the expected future payments under the TRA.

As of June 30, 2025, holders of Class B Units have exchanged a total of 9,922,737 Class B Paired Interests with the Company, for shares of Class A Common Stock on a 1:1 basis totaling an amount equal to the weighted average price of $5.79 multiplied by the total number of shares of Class A Common Stock received at the time of the transactions.

Payments under the TRA will continue until all such tax benefits have been utilized or expired unless (i) the Company exercises its right to terminate the TRA and pays recipients an amount representing the present value of the remaining payments, (ii) there is a change of control or (iii) the Company breaches any of the material obligations of the TRA, in which case all obligations will generally be accelerated and due as if the Company had exercised its right to terminate the TRA. In each case, if payments are accelerated, such payments will be based on certain assumptions, including that the Company will have sufficient taxable income to fully utilize the deductions arising from the increased tax deductions.

As of June 30, 2025, assuming no material changes in the relevant tax laws and that the Company generates sufficient taxable income to realize the full tax benefit of the increased amortization resulting from the increase in tax basis of certain of AlTi’s assets, we expect to pay approximately $30.4 million under the TRA. Future changes in the fair value of the TRA liability will be recognized in earnings. Any future cash savings and related payments under the TRA due to subsequent exchanges of Class B Paired Interests for shares of Class A Common Stock would be accounted for separately from the amount related to the Business Combination.

Warrants

On March 27, 2024, the Company completed the initial issuance of Constellation Warrants to purchase 1,533,333 shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock. On May 15, 2024, the Company completed the issuance of an additional tranche of Constellation Warrants to purchase 466,667 shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock. As of June 30, 2025, none of the Constellation Warrants have been exercised.

On July 31, 2024, the Company issued the Allianz Warrants to purchase 5,000,000 shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock. As of June 30, 2025, none of the Allianz Warrants have been exercised.

Business Combination Earn-out

Under the terms of the Business Combination, upon Closing, the Sponsor and the selling shareholders of TWMH, TIG, and Alvarium became entitled to receive earn-out shares contingent on various share price milestones. Additionally, upon a change of control of the Company, the share price milestones will be deemed to have been met and all the Business Combination Earn-out Securities will be payable to the earn-out holders. The earn-out shares are precluded from being considered indexed to the Company’s own stock and are recognized as a liability at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in earnings. As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the fair value of the earn-out share liability was $17.7 million and $23.8 million, respectively, which is included in Earn-out liabilities, at fair value presented on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Position. See Note 2 (Summary of Significant Accounting Policies) to our condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report for additional detail.

East End Advisors Contingent Consideration

On April 1, 2024, the Company acquired all of the issued and outstanding ownership and membership interests of EEA. The EEA Acquisition was accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting and the fair value of the total purchase consideration transferred was $93.1 million. Included in the total purchase consideration is estimated contingent consideration of $23.3 million, for which the Company may be required to make additional cash payments contingent on the future EBITDA performance targets between the closing date and the fifth anniversary of the closing date. As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the fair value of the earn-out share liability was $23.6 million and $29.9 million, respectively, which is included in Earn-out liabilities, at fair value presented on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.

Pointwise Deferred Consideration

On May 9, 2024, AlTi acquired the remaining 50% of the issued and outstanding ownership and membership interest of PW, increasing its interest from 50% to 100%. The PW Acquisition was accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting and the fair value of the total purchase consideration was $8.0 million. The total purchase consideration transferred includes cash consideration, equity consideration and estimated deferred consideration of $3.3 million. The deferred consideration was measured at fair value at the acquisition date, and as of December 31, 2024, amounted to $3.3 million, and was recorded within the Other liabilities line item in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Position. The deferred consideration was paid during the quarter ended March 31, 2025, in cash and equity totaling $3.0 million.

Envoi Earn-out Liability

On July 1, 2024, the Company purchased substantially all of the assets of Envoi pursuant to the terms of the Envoi Acquisition. The Envoi Acquisition was accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting and the fair value of the total purchase consideration transferred was $34.3 million. The total purchase consideration transferred includes estimated contingent consideration totaling $9.0 million, comprised of the Envoi earn-out consideration liability and the Envoi earn-out growth consideration liability, for which the Company may be required to pay additional cash or equity consideration contingent on future revenue-based performance targets between the closing date and the fourth anniversary of the closing date. As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Envoi earn-out consideration liability of $9.8 million and $9.6 million, respectively, and the Envoi earn-out growth consideration liability of $1.2 million and $1.3 million, respectively, are included in Earn-out liabilities, at fair value presented on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.

Indemnification Arrangements

In the normal course of business, the Company enters into contracts that contain indemnities for related parties of the Company, persons acting on behalf of the Company or such related parties and third parties. The terms of the indemnities vary from contract to contract and the Company’s maximum exposure under these arrangements cannot be determined and has not been recorded in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial

Position. As of June 30, 2025, the Company has not had prior claims or losses pursuant to these contracts and expects the risk of material loss to be remote.

Critical Accounting Estimates

We prepare our condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with US GAAP. In applying many of these accounting principles, we need to make assumptions, estimates, and/or judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses in our condensed consolidated financial statements. We base our estimates and judgments on historical experience and other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. These assumptions, estimates, and/or judgments, however, are both subjective and subject to change, and actual results may differ from our assumptions and estimates. Actual results may also differ from our estimates and judgments due to risks and uncertainties and changing circumstances, including uncertainty in the current economic environment due to geopolitical tensions, changes in market conditions, or other relevant factors. If actual amounts are ultimately different from our estimates, the revisions are included in our results of operations for the period in which the actual amounts become known. For a summary of our significant accounting policies and estimates, see Note 2 (Summary of Significant Accounting Policies) to our condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report.

Estimation of Fair Values

Investments at Fair Value – External Strategic Managers: The fair values of our Investments in External Strategic Managers were determined using significant unobservable inputs. The assumptions used could have a material impact on the valuation of these assets and include our best estimates of expected future cash flows and an appropriate discount rate. Changes in the estimated fair values of these assets may have a material impact on our results of operations in any given period, as any decreases in these assets have a corresponding negative impact on our GAAP results of operations in the period in which the changes occur.

TRA Liability: We carry a portion of our TRA liability at fair value, as it is a contingent consideration related to the Business Combination. The valuation of the TRA liability is sensitive to our expectation of future cash savings that we may ultimately realize related to our tax goodwill and other intangible assets deductions. We then apply a discount rate that we believe is appropriate given the nature of and expected timing of payments of the liability. A decrease in the discount rate assumption would result in an increase in the fair value estimate of the liability, which would have a correspondingly negative impact on our US GAAP results of operations. However, payments under the TRA are ultimately only made to the extent we realize the offsetting cash savings on our income taxes due to the tax goodwill and other intangibles deduction.

Earn-out Liabilities: The fair values of our Business Combination Earn-out Securities liability, our EEA earn-out liability, our Envoi earn-out consideration liability, our Envoi earn-out growth consideration liability, and our Kontora earn-out liability were determined using various significant unobservable inputs. The assumptions used could have a material impact on the valuation of these liabilities, and include our best estimate of expected volatility, expected holding periods and appropriate discounts for lack of marketability. Changes in the estimated fair values of these liabilities may have material impacts on our results of operations in any given period, as any increases in these liabilities have a corresponding negative impact on our US GAAP results of operations in the period in which the changes occur. See Note 2 (Summary of Significant Accounting Policies) for additional details.

Equity-based Compensation: The Company issued stock grants to certain employees as bonus compensation. The fair value of the grants was determined based on the share price on the date of issuance.

Fair Value of Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed in Business Combinations: The determination of the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations involves significant judgment and estimation. We utilize various valuation techniques, including discounted cash flow approach and market approach, to assess the fair value of identifiable assets and liabilities. These valuation methodologies incorporate assumptions regarding future cash inflows and outflows, discount rates, useful lives of assets, market multiples, and the realization of tax assets. Additionally, we allocate the purchase price consideration among identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed, considering any contingent consideration. The realization of tax assets is assessed based on historical performance, future taxable income projections, and applicable tax laws and regulations. Uncertainties and contingencies inherent in the fair value measurement process are carefully evaluated and disclosed as appropriate to ensure transparency in our financial reporting.

Fair Value of Reporting Units for Goodwill Impairment Testing: In assessing goodwill impairment, we determine the fair value of reporting units using established valuation methodologies, primarily the discounted cash flow approach and market approach. The income approach involves discounting future cash flows generated by the reporting units, considering key assumptions such as revenue growth rates, discount rates, terminal value calculations, and market multiples. Goodwill is allocated to reporting units, and impairment is evaluated by comparing the carrying amount of goodwill to the fair value of the reporting units. We conduct regular assessments for triggering events or changes in circumstances that may necessitate goodwill impairment testing. These disclosures ensure stakeholders understand the methodologies, assumptions, and sensitivities involved in our goodwill impairment testing process.

We conduct sensitivity analyses on key inputs and assumptions used in fair value measurements and critical accounting estimates to assess the potential impact on financial results. Changes in assumptions, such as discount rates, growth rates, or market multiples, are carefully evaluated to understand their effect on the fair value of assets, liabilities, or reporting units. Our sensitivity analysis considers a range of potential outcomes and their implications on financial reporting. Mitigating factors and risk management strategies are employed to address uncertainties and enhance the reliability of our financial disclosures. These disclosures provide stakeholders with insight into the robustness of our valuation methodologies and the degree of uncertainty inherent in our financial reporting process.

Fair Value of the Allianz Tranche Right: The fair value of the Allianz Tranche Right uses various significant unobservable inputs and is determined by using the binomial lattice model. The assumptions used could have a material impact on the valuation of this liability and include our best estimate of expected volatility, expected holding periods, and appropriate discounts for lack of marketability. Changes in the estimated fair value of this liability may have a material impact on our results of operations in any given period, as any increase in this liability has a corresponding negative impact on our US GAAP results of operations in the period in which the changes occur.

Fair Value of Contingent Consideration Receivable: The fair value of contingent consideration receivable uses a Monte Carlo simulation to estimate the future share price of the acquirer of LRA. Any implied contingent consideration is discounted using the risk-free rate and the acquirer’s estimated credit spread. Changes in any assumptions, such as the discount rate or the estimated credit spread may have a material impact on our results of operations in any given period, as any decrease in this receivable may have a corresponding negative impact on our US GAAP results of operations in the period in which the changes occur.

Income Taxes

Significant judgment is required in determining the provision for income taxes and in evaluating income tax positions, including evaluating uncertainties. We recognize the income tax benefits of uncertain tax positions only where the position is “more likely than not” to be sustained upon examination, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation, based on the technical merits of the positions. The tax benefit is measured as the largest amount of benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. If a tax position is not considered more likely than not to be sustained, then no benefits of the position are recognized. The Company’s income tax positions are reviewed and evaluated quarterly to determine whether or not we have uncertain tax positions that require financial statement recognition or de-recognition.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences, using currently enacted tax rates, of differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period when the change is enacted. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

Variable Interest Entities

The determination of whether to consolidate a VIE under US GAAP requires a significant amount of judgment concerning the degree of control over an entity by its holders of variable interests. To make these judgments, we conduct an analysis, on a case-by-case basis, of whether we are the primary beneficiary and are therefore required to consolidate an entity. We continually reconsider whether we should consolidate a VIE. Upon the occurrence of certain events, such as modifications to organizational documents and investment management agreements of our products, we will reconsider our conclusion regarding the status of an entity as a VIE. Our judgment when analyzing the status of an entity and whether we consolidate an entity could have a material impact on individual line items within our condensed consolidated financial statements, as a change in our conclusion would have the effect of grossing up the assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses of the entity being evaluated. In light of the relatively insignificant direct and indirect investments into our products, the likelihood of a reasonable change in our estimation and judgment would likely not result in a change in our conclusions to consolidate or not consolidate any VIEs to which we have exposure.

Impact of Changes in Accounting on Recent and Future Trends

The Company has considered all newly issued accounting guidance that is applicable to its operations and the preparation of its unaudited condensed consolidated statements, including those it has not yet adopted. We believe that none of the changes to US GAAP that went into effect during the six months ended June 30, 2025, or that have been issued but that we have not yet adopted have substantively impacted our recent trends or are expected to substantively impact our future trends.

In the normal course of business as a wealth management advisor, we are exposed to a broad range of risks inherent in the financial markets in which we participate, including market risk, credit and counterparty risk, liquidity risk, and exchange rate risk.

Market Risk

Our revenue is predominantly derived from investment management or advisory fees, incentive fees, and distributions from investments. Management fees are generally calculated based on a percentage of the value of billable AUM or AUA (as applicable), while incentive fees are driven by the underlying performance of managed portfolios. The market price of investments may significantly fluctuate during the period of investment and should their value decline, our fees may decline accordingly. Investments may decline in value due to factors affecting securities markets generally or particular industries represented in the securities markets. The value of an investment may decline due to general market conditions, which are not specifically related to such investment, such as real or perceived adverse economic conditions, changes in the general outlook for corporate earnings, changes in interest or currency rates, or adverse investor sentiment generally. It may also decline due to factors that affect a particular industry or industries, such as labor shortages or increased production costs and competitive conditions within an industry. The impact of changes in market risk on client specific liquidity or overall financial position may result in clients changing their asset holdings, including increasing or decreasing the non-billable portion of their asset portfolios. Such changes will also impact our fees.

Credit Risk and Counterparty Risk

We are party to agreements where we provide services, and such transactions contain an element of risk in the event that the counterparties are unable to meet the terms of such agreements. In such agreements, we depend on the counterparty to make payment or otherwise perform. We generally endeavor to minimize our risk of exposure through reviews of the financial condition of new clients and through collection of fees directly from client portfolios. For clients that generate fees from carried interest and/or preferred return, we periodically review the receivables for collectability and will make appropriate provision for credit losses, should circumstances warrant. Additionally, our ability to secure credit from financial institutions and other lenders may be uncertain due to market conditions, and under certain circumstances we may not be able to access financing.

Liquidity Risk

See the disclosures contained in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of AlTi Global, Inc. – Liquidity and Capital Resources” for a discussion of our liquidity risk.

Exchange Rate Risk

We and our funds hold investments that are denominated in foreign currencies that may be affected by movements in the rate of exchange between those currencies and the U.S. dollar. Movements in the exchange rate between currencies impact the management fees, carried interest and incentive fees earned by funds with fee paying AUM denominated in foreign currencies as well as by funds with fee paying AUM denominated in U.S. dollars that hold investments denominated in foreign currencies. Additionally, movements in the exchange rate impact operating expenses for our global offices that transact in foreign currencies and the revaluation of assets and liabilities denominated in non-functional currencies, including cash balances and investments.

We monitor our exposure to exchange rate risks in the course of our regular operating activities, wherein we utilize payments received in foreign currencies to fulfill obligations in foreign currencies. When appropriate, we will use derivative financial instruments to hedge the net foreign currency exposure from certain direct investments denominated in foreign currencies and the cash flow exposure from our foreign based subsidiaries.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”)) as of June 30, 2025. Disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in our Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of June 30, 2025, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective due to material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting, as further described below in Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting.

As previously disclosed in Part II, Item 9A of our Annual Report, management identified material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting relating to the lack of sufficiently documented risk assessments, process level controls and information technology controls that support our financial statements and reporting. Further, management has commenced remediation efforts, but as of June 30, 2025, has not completed its efforts to design and implement a testing plan to determine the effectiveness of controls that support our financial statements and reporting.

Management has implemented a remediation plan to address the material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, including, among other things, hiring additional accounting personnel, completing its efforts to design and implement process level and management review controls, and sufficiently documenting and implementing policies to provide reasonable assurance that financial statement disclosures are complete and accurate and identify and address emerging risks.

During the six months ended June 30, 2025 and the year ended 2024, management has made meaningful progress in enhancing its internal control over financial reporting, as the Company prepares to complete the implementation of effective controls with the objective of remediating all previously identified material weaknesses no later than December 31, 2025. This progress includes the following:

• Management has designed and implemented risk assessment review processes (gap analysis) that are intended to identify risks that could result, if not detected timely, in material misstatements in our consolidated financial statements. Management believes that such review risk assessment processes have been effectively implemented as of December 31, 2024.
• Management has identified and documented processes supporting the recording of balances and transactions in the Company’s consolidated financial statements and identified and documented controls that are intended to mitigate the risk of material misstatement in account balances and financial statement disclosures. The Company completed the exercise of documenting controls during the first fiscal quarter of 2025 and began tests of design and operating effectiveness of certain controls during the second fiscal quarter of 2025. The Company intends to continue tests of design and operating effectiveness of certain controls during the third and fourth fiscal quarters of 2025. The Company’s overall objective is that such testing of operating effectiveness of controls will continue throughout 2025 to allow the Company to remediate previously identified material weaknesses in its internal control over financial reporting specifically related to process level controls.
• Management has identified and documented information technology controls related to the Company’s general information technology control environment that mitigates risks associated with items including systems development and change management, appropriate access to systems, and management of the Company’s internal financial and third-party customer data. These information technology processes

and controls continue to be documented and tested for design effectiveness. The Company completed this exercise during the second fiscal quarter of 2025. The Company intends to continue tests of operating effectiveness of certain information technology controls during the third and fourth fiscal quarters of 2025. The Company’s overall objective is that such testing of operating effectiveness of controls will continue throughout 2025 to allow the Company to remediate previously identified material weaknesses in its internal control over financial reporting specifically related to information technology controls.

Based on the progress made during the six months ended June 30, 2025 and the year ended 2024 in completing its remediation plan, management believes that the previously identified material weakness related to the lack of sufficiently documented risk assessments has been remediated. The previously identified material weaknesses related to process level controls and information technology controls that support our financial statements and reporting remain as of June 30, 2025 and are expected to remain until such time as management has successfully completed sufficient tests of design and operating effectiveness on these controls to allow it to conclude that such controls are effective and that the material weaknesses have been remediated.

Going forward we expect to incur additional material costs to complete the remediation plan, including costs incurred by our external auditor to assess whether all material weaknesses have been remediated. We can give no assurance that such efforts will remediate these deficiencies in internal control over financial reporting or that additional material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting will not be identified in the future. Failure to implement and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting could result in errors in our consolidated financial statements that could result in a restatement of our financial statements, may subject us to litigation and investigations, and could cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations, any of which could diminish investor confidence, cause a decline in the price of the Class A Common Stock, and limit our ability to access capital markets.

The material weaknesses, if not remediated, could result in misstatements of accounts or disclosures that would result in a material misstatement to the annual consolidated financial statements or the interim condensed consolidated financial statements that would not be prevented or detected.

Our management anticipates that our internal control over financial reporting will not be effective until the above material weaknesses are remediated. If our remediation of these material weaknesses is not effective, or we experience additional material weaknesses in the future or otherwise fail to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting in the future, the accuracy and timing of our financial reporting may be adversely affected, we may be unable to maintain compliance with securities law requirements regarding timely filing of periodic reports in addition to the Nasdaq listing requirements, investors may lose confidence in our financial reporting, and the price of our common stock may decline as a result.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the six months ended June 30, 2025, covered by this Quarterly Report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

There have been no material changes in the risk factors described in Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors” of our Annual Report.