Nutex Health Inc.: Form 10-K/A for the period ended Dec 31, 2024

Overview

Nutex Health Inc. (“Nutex Health” or the “Company”) is a physician-led, healthcare services and operations company with 24 hospital facilities in 11 states (hospital division), and a primary care-centric, risk-bearing population health management division. Our hospital division implements and operates innovative health care models, including micro-hospitals, specialty hospitals and hospital outpatient departments (“HOPDs”). The population health management (“PHM”) division owns and operates provider networks such as independent physician associations (“IPAs”).

We employ 800 full-time employees, contract 255 doctors at our facilities and partner with over 2,100 physicians and specialists within our networks. Our corporate headquarters is based in Houston, Texas. We were incorporated on April 13, 2000 in the state of Delaware.

Operating Segments

We report the results of our operations as three segments: (i) the hospital division, (ii) the PHM division, and (iii) the real estate division.

Hospital Division. Our hospital division develops and operates a network of micro-hospitals, specialty hospitals and HOPDs providing comprehensive and high-quality 24/7 care. Our full-service care delivery model provides concierge-level care traditionally offered by larger hospitals in a patient-friendly and cost-effective setting. We provide a full spectrum of healthcare services, including emergency room care, inpatient care, and behavioral health, and offer a complementary suite of ancillary services, including onsite imaging (CT scan, X-ray, MRI, ultrasound, etc.), certified and accredited laboratories, and onsite inpatient pharmacies. We own and operate 24 healthcare facilities across 11 states and currently have an additional 10 de novo micro-hospitals under various stages of development.

Our micro-hospitals generate revenue from both emergency services and in-patient services, providing operating leverage and significant earning potential of each facility. We believe that wait times are significantly lower than traditional ER settings and patients are welcomed by a friendly attentive staff and physician team. Our hospital division generally operates as an out-of-network provider and, as such, does not have negotiated reimbursement rates with insurance companies. Our patients with commercial insurance coverage have historically applied out of network benefits and patient co-pays to settle invoices. In the future, we expect to contract directly with more commercial payors whose reimbursement rates for our services are more closely aligned with the value offered.

When developing new hospitals, we provide a turn-key process from location selection, real estate design, and development of the facility to staffing, training and operations. Our management and administrative teams provide a comprehensive suite of operational and managerial services to hospitals, including management, billing, collections, human resources and recruiting, legal, accounting, regulatory, legislative and marketing / business development. Our licensed micro-hospitals average approximately 15,000 to 25,000 square feet and include seven to eight emergency treatment rooms, two to ten in-patient beds for both short- and long-term stays and advanced imaging equipment, laboratory and pharmacy. Our staffing at each facility includes four to ten physicians and hospitalists depending on the community’s needs.

Most of our hospitals have contractual relationships with separately owned professional entities (the “Physician LLCs”) and real estate entities (the “Real Estate Entities”). The Physician LLCs employ the doctors who work in our hospitals. The Real Estate Entities, which generally have the same ownership as the related Physician LLCs, own the land and hospital buildings in which the hospitals operate and lease the buildings to the hospitals. We have no ownership interests in either the Physician LLCs or Real Estate Entities, but provide back office accounting for each. Many of these entities are owned in part, and in some cases, controlled by our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer.

The Physician LLCs are consolidated by the Company as variable interest entities (VIEs) because they do not have significant equity at risk, and we have historically provided support to the Physician LLCs in the event of cash shortages and received the benefit of their cash surpluses.

Population Health Division. Our population health management division establishes and operates provider networks such as IPAs. Through its Management Services Organization (“MSO”), Nutex provides management, administrative, and other support services to its affiliated hospitals and physician groups.

An IPA is a business entity organized and owned by a network of independent physician practices. Once established, the IPA enrolls patients and negotiates managed care contracts with insurers to provide comprehensive care to their patients, often for a value-based fixed annual fee (capitation). The IPA entities are not owned by us but are managed by our MSO which provides management, administrative, and other support services. Presently, we manage one IPA located in Los Angeles, California having approximately 33,000 patients. We have established two other IPAs, one in Houston and one in South Florida. As of the date of this filing, our Houston IPA manages approximately 800 Medicare Advantage (“MA”) patients and our South Florida IPA manages approximately 5,000 members, including 400 MA patients. In total, the Company’s IPAs now have approximately 40,000 members across its platform, including commercial and Medicaid managed care members. We are operationalizing our IPA in Phoenix, Arizona in 2025 and plan to enter one to two more new markets in 2025. We consolidate the IPA entities in our financial statements as VIEs since we manage these entities.

Real Estate Division. The Real Estate Entities own the land and hospital buildings which are leased to our hospital entities. The Real Estate Entities have mortgage loans payable to third parties which are collateralized by the land and buildings. We do not have direct ownership interest in these entities but they are owned and, in some instances, controlled by related parties, including our CEO. We consolidate the Real Estate Entities as VIEs in instances where our hospital entities are guarantors or co-borrowers under their outstanding mortgage loans. Since the second quarter of 2022, we deconsolidated 18 Real Estate Entities after the third-party lenders released our guarantees of associated mortgage loans, leaving two Real Estate Entities as current VIEs consolidated in our financial statements.

Sources of Revenue

The following table shows revenue for each of our operating segments:

Our hospital division receives payment for facility services rendered by us from federal agencies, private insurance carriers, and patients. The Physician LLCs receive payment for doctor services from these same sources. On average, greater than 90% of our net patient service revenue is paid by insurers, federal agencies, and other non-patient third parties. The remaining revenues are directly paid by our patients in the form of copays, deductibles, and self-payment. As noted, we generally operate as an out-of-network provider and, as such, do not have negotiated reimbursement rates with insurance companies.

The population health management division recognizes revenue for capitation and management fees for services to IPAs and physician groups. Capitation revenue consists primarily of capitated fees for medical services provided by physician-owned entities we consolidate as VIEs. Capitated arrangements are made directly with various managed care providers including HMOs. Capitation revenues are typically prepaid monthly to us based on the number of enrollees selecting us as their healthcare provider. Capitation is a fixed payment amount per patient per unit of time paid in advance for the delivery of health care services, whereby the service providers are generally liable for excess medical costs. We receive management fees that are based on gross capitation revenues of the IPAs or physician groups we manage.

Our Strategy

Our mission is to make exceptional concierge-level healthcare more accessible to communities. Our business strategy is to increase stockholder value through earnings growth and cash flow generation by:

• Developing and operating innovative micro-hospitals – We currently operate 24 micro-hospital facilities in 11 states and four IPAs. We plan to grow our operations by expanding our innovative micro-hospital model into

several more states and developing IPAs which leverage our presence and physician relationships in each community we serve.

• Providing a patient-centric care model – We fulfill a healthcare segment needing immediate and convenient access to primary and emergency care. Producing a compelling work environment for physicians helps us deliver superior patient experiences and clinical outcomes.
• Offering a differentiated provider engagement and partnership strategy – Having high satisfaction and retention rates of physicians helps us in delivering superior patient experiences. Financially, we are aligned with our physician partners who are co-investors with us in their community’s micro-hospitals or IPAs and, in many instances, are stockholders of Nutex. Our relationships with physician partners are critical to our success.
• Having a scalable go-to-market strategy – Robust administrative support where key support functions including billing and collection, purchasing, marketing, legal and compliance, human resources and financial operations are centralized allowing our physicians and hospitalists to focus on patient care. Building out IPA networks in the same communities as our micro-hospitals help drive patient volume and result in greater revenue from increased capitation and full-risk contracts. To complement our organic growth plans, we may, in the normal course of business, consider and review opportunistic acquisitions.

Our Growth Strategy

We are focused on expanding patient access to quality healthcare by expanding our clinical services at our existing facilities and by opening or acquiring new micro-hospital facilities in high demand areas of the United States. We are also seeking to establish IPAs in many of the locales where we operate micro-hospitals in order to leverage our community presence and relationships with in-market physicians.

We expect to open three new hospital facilities in 2025. These facilities are either under construction or in advanced planning stages. We anticipate launching one-to-three additional IPAs per year principally in geographic areas around our existing micro-hospitals. There is no guarantee that any or all of the planned new hospitals or new IPAs will be successfully launched in the anticipated time frames.

The following map shows our existing and planned presence across the United States:

Our process for opening a new micro-hospital begins with identifying high demand markets. Generally, we place our micro-hospitals in larger suburban or rural locations. Before entering a new state, we investigate the regulation and licensing requirements for our business and the construction design and permitting requirements of the targeted community. Next, we identify and contract with in-market physicians who will co-invest with us and become the on-site management of the new facility.

For each new hospital location, three entities are usually created:

• Real estate entity – our hospital facilities are designed and constructed to meet our specific needs and governmental regulations for micro-hospitals. Construction of new facilities or major renovation of existing buildings to meet our specifications requires significant financial resources. In most cases, these financial resources are provided by a newly established real estate entity that is independently owned by the in-market physicians and other partners, including in many cases, members of our executive management team. The real estate entities often enter into mortgage loans to finance the acquisition of the associated land or purchase the build out of facilities. In some instances, Nutex may participate as a co-borrower or guarantor of this indebtedness. Nutex does not own any of the real estate entities but enters into a long-term market rate lease of the facility for its operations with the real estate entity. Nutex also contracts with this entity to provide administrative services including financial accounting and other responsibilities.
• Physician LLC entity – the in-market physicians create and independently own the physician entity. In certain states, state laws and regulations prohibit non-physician ownership of physician practices. The physician entity employs or contracts with physicians who will staff the new location. We contract with the physician entities to

provide administrative services including claims billing and collections, financial accounting and other responsibilities.

• Hospital facility entity – Nutex typically has 60% or more equity ownership of new hospital facilities and in-market physicians usually own much of the remaining equity. The participation by in-market physicians in owning the hospital facility is a key factor in our success. The hospital facility contracts with the physician entity to provide physician staffing and enters into a lease of the physical facility with the associated real estate entity. The hospital facility provides the operating equipment and supplies and employs nursing and other staffing for local operations.

Our relationships with physician partners are critical to our success. The physician partners’ financial participation through ownership in whole, or in part, of the above entities aligns our interests towards achieving common business goals and helps us target a high satisfaction and retention rate of physicians.

Having good physician relationships is also fundamental to our success in developing and operating IPAs. We begin development of new IPAs by identifying underserved markets. As noted previously, we are focused on launching IPAs in markets around our micro-hospitals. Doing so will leverage our existing physician relationships and increase visibility of our micro-hospitals in the marketplace. Once the physician provider network is secured, we work to contract with health insurance plans and begin enrolling patients in the new IPA.

We may achieve our growth strategy in part by acquiring or contracting existing healthcare facilities and IPAs. We currently have an IPA presence in the top three states for seniors: California, Florida, and Texas, which make up a quarter of the nation’s seniors.

Competition

The healthcare industry is highly competitive and highly fragmented. We face competition in every aspect of our business, including in offering a favorable payment structure for existing physician partners and attracting physician partners who are not contracted with us, from a range of large and medium-sized local and national companies that provide care under a variety of models that could attract patients, providers, and payors. Our primary competitors are free-standing emergency departments and traditional large local hospital systems that are developing micro-hospitals to increase their footprint in their local communities. Our competitors typically vary by geography, and we may also encounter competition in the future from other new entrants.

Since there are no substantial capital expenditures required for providing healthcare services, there are few financial barriers to entry in the healthcare industry. Other companies or hospital groups could enter the micro-hospital market in the future and divert some, or all, of our business. Our ability to compete successfully varies from location to location and depends on a number of factors that include, but are not limited to: the number of competing facilities in the local market and the types of services available at those facilities, our local reputation for quality care of members, the commitment and expertise of our medical staff, our local service offerings and community programs, the cost of care in each locality, and the physical appearance, location, age and condition of our facilities.

Our growth strategy and our business could be adversely affected if we are not able to continue to operate in existing geographies, successfully expand into new geographies or maintain or establish new relationships with physician partners. See “Risk Factors.”

The principal competitive factors in our business include the nature and caliber of relationships with physicians; patient healthcare quality, outcomes, and cost; the strength of relationships with payors; the quality of the physician experience; local geography leadership position; and the strength of the underlying economic model. We believe our business, partnership and operations model enables us to compete favorably.

The Healthcare Industry

According to the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, or CMS, national healthcare expenditures grew 7.5% in 2023 to $4.9 trillion. Federal expenditure for healthcare increased by 3.4% due to the initial impacts of the Inflation Reduction Act on federal Medicare spendings and faster spending growth for Medicare hospital and physician spending, while private health insurance spending increased by 11.5%. CMS anticipates that total U.S. healthcare annual expenditures will reach nearly $7.7 trillion by 2032, accounting for approximately 19.7% of the total U.S. gross domestic product.

Hospital services, the market within the healthcare industry in which we primarily operate, is the largest single category of healthcare expenditures. In 2023, hospital care expenditures increased 10.4%, faster than the growth rate of 2.2% in 2022, and totaled nearly $1.5 trillion. The faster growth in 2023 was driven by non-price factors (which include the use and intensity of services), with an increased number of hospital discharges and increased Medicare outpatient hospital utilization. CMS projects that the hospital services category will grow at an average of 5.6% annually from 2027 through 2032, reaching nearly $2.4 trillion by 2032.

The U.S. hospital industry includes acute care, rehabilitation and psychiatric facilities that are either public (government owned and operated), not-for-profit private (religious or secular), or for-profit institutions (investor owned). According to the American Hospital Association, there are approximately 5,112 community hospitals in the U.S., which are not-for-profit owned, investor owned, or state or local government owned. Of these hospitals, approximately 35% are located in non-urban communities. Hospital facilities offer a broad range of healthcare services, including internal medicine, general surgery, cardiology, oncology, orthopedics, OB/GYN and emergency services. In addition, hospitals offer other ancillary services, including psychiatric, diagnostic, rehabilitation, home care and outpatient surgery services.

Patients needing the most complex care are more often served by larger and/or more specialized urban hospitals. We believe opportunities exist in selected markets to create micro-hospitals serving the community’s emergency needs which expand the reach of healthcare services and have lower wait times for care than often seen in larger hospital emergency departments.

Physician and clinical services expenditures grew 7.4% to $978.0 billion in 2023, faster growth than the 4.6% in 2022. Relative spending for primary care in the U.S. is lower than that of many other developed nations. Preventative primary care is an important focus of U.S. healthcare education to consumers with the goal of improving patient care outcomes through early detection and treatment of illnesses. It also has the added benefit of reducing healthcare costs as extended hospital stays and more costly treatments may be avoided.

Consumers desire affordable primary care with access to specialists as needed. We believe this need may be met in markets we service through our IPAs. Our IPAs offer a trusted network of primary care physicians and specialists fostering closer patient-physician relationships.

Governmental Regulation

The healthcare industry is heavily regulated and closely scrutinized by federal, state and local governments. Comprehensive statutes and regulations govern the manner in which we provide and bill for services and collect reimbursement from governmental programs and private payors, our contractual relationships with our providers, vendors and clients, our marketing activities and other aspects of our operations. Of particular importance are:

• No Surprises Act;
• the federal physician self-referral law, commonly referred to as the Stark Law;
• the federal Anti-Kickback Act;
• the criminal healthcare fraud provisions of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA);
• the federal False Claims Act;
• reassignment of payment rules that prohibit certain types of billing and collection;
• similar state law provisions pertaining to anti-kickback, self-referral and false claims issues;
• state laws that prohibit general business corporations, such as us, from practicing medicine;
• laws that regulate debt collection practices as applied to our debt collection practices;

No Surprises Act. The No Surprises Act (“NSA”) is a federal law that took effect January 1, 2022, to protect consumers from most instances of “surprise” balance billing. With respect to the Company, the NSA limits the amount an insured patient will pay for emergency services furnished by an out-of-network provider. The NSA addresses the payment of these out-of-network providers by group health plans or health insurance issuers (collectively, “insurers”). In particular, the NSA requires insurers to reimburse out-of-network providers at a statutorily calculated “out-of-network rate.” In states without an all-payor model agreement or specified state law, the out-of-network rate is either the amount agreed to by the insurer and the out-of-network provider or an amount determined through an independent dispute resolution (“IDR”) process.

Under the NSA, insurers must issue an initial payment or notice of denial of payment to a provider within thirty days after the provider submits a bill for an out-of-network service. If the provider disagrees with the insurer’s determination, the provider may initiate a thirty-day period of open negotiation with the insurer over the claim. If the parties cannot resolve the dispute through negotiation, the parties may then proceed to the IDR process.

Independent Dispute Resolution. In the IDR process, the provider and insurer each submit a proposed payment amount and explanation to the arbitrator. The arbitrator must select one of the two proposed payment amounts taking into account the “qualifying payment amount” (“QPA”) and additional circumstances, including, among other things, the level of training, outcomes measurements of the facility, the acuity of the individual treated, and the case mix and scope of services of the facility providing the service. The NSA prohibits the arbitrator from considering the provider’s usual and customary charges for an item or service, or the amount the provider would have billed for the item or service in the absence of the NSA.

Qualifying Payment Amount. The QPA is generally the median of the contracted rates recognized by the plan or issuer under such plans or coverage, respectively, for the same or a similar item or service that is provided by a provider in the same or similar specialty and provided in the geographic region in which the items or service is furnished, with annual increases based on the consumer price index. At the beginning of each year, the IRS publishes a notice providing the applicable percentage increase of the QPA for each year.

HHS Final Rule. As required by the NSA, the United States Department of Health and Human Services (“HHS”) has established an IDR process under which a certified IDR entity determines the ultimate amount of payment. The HHS’ final rule became effective October 25, 2022 and requires the certified IDR entity to select the offer that best reflects the value of the item or service provided, by first considering the QPA and then considering specified additional information that is relevant to the dispute.

Legal challenges to HHS Final Rule. The final rule was the subject of legal challenges. Beginning in September 2022, the Texas Medical Association (TMA) filed several actions in federal court, mainly seeking to invalidate the IDR related provisions of the final rule.

The TMA on November 30, 2022 filed a lawsuit challenging the methodology of the federal regulator’s calculation of the QPA amount under the final rules, which allows consideration of all negotiated rates, including those provided in contracts with providers who do not actually provide the particular service. On August 24, 2023, the federal district court ruled to vacate several aspects of the regulations mandating the methodology for the QPA calculation. However, on October 30, 2024, Judge Catharina Haynes of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit reversed the district court’s vacatur of the QPA calculation methodology, holding that it was consistent with the statutory definition of QPA (as described above). The Appeals Court is currently considering whether to allow the TMA’s petition for an en banc appeal. On January 17, 2025 the Biden Administration filed a response with the court, arguing that such petition should be denied.

Previously, on August 3, 2023, the district court agreed with the TMA by allowing for the batching of similar items in the IDR process and disallowing the administrative fee increase from $50 to $350.

On August 2, 2024, the 5th Circuit Court of Appeals upheld a ruling by district court disallowing provisions of the federal rules established under the NSA which have required arbitrators to prioritize the QPA over any other factors, such as the complexity of the medical service, the doctor’s level of training or the scope of services available at the facility. Under the Appeals Court’s ruling, the arbitrators must consider all factors listed above, including, but not prioritizing, the QPA.

Nutex and the NSA. While we are working within the established processes for IDR, we have had varying successes at achieving collections at or higher than the established QPA. We have undertaken several strategic actions designed to improve our collections results. These include:

• engaging a third-party IDR vendor for claims under IDR,
• maximizing our claims coding efficiency,
• increasing efforts to collect co-pays and co-insurance,
• adding additional administrative staff to handle the increased administrative IDR burden,
• having a dedicated IDR team to accelerate resubmission of claims under the IDR process,
• making appeals for additional payment of claims for periods before and after the NSA final rule was adopted through the IDR process,
• making efforts to sign favorable contracts with new insurers,
• working to sign more favorable contracted rates with existing contracted providers,
• working with both local and national legislatures to enforce the NSA rules and guidelines for Insurers, and
• focusing on the value-based IPA side of our business, which is less affected by the NSA.

Arbitration Process. On July 1, 2024, we engaged with a third-party IDR vendor to assist in the recovery of certain out of network claims under the IDR process. The IDR process, including subsequent appeals and insurance payor delays, require extensive administrative time and delays in collections, which can take up to three to five months to receive payments from when we start the open negotiation process. Since implementing its arbitration strategy, the Company has reached its goal of submitting between 60-70% of its billable visits to arbitration each month, achieving an arbitration success rate in excess of 80% during the fourth quarter of 2024.

Cost of Arbitration. There is a significant cost to enter the arbitration process. The arbitration process includes expenses associated with third party providers, including IDR entities, which typically collect fees at the beginning of the process, before the claim award amounts are decided by arbitrators. According to the TMA, as of January 24, 2025, the nonrefundable administrative fee is $115 per party per dispute and the certified IDR entity fee ranges from $200 to $400 for single determinations and $268 to $1,173 for batched determinations.

Future Developments. On September 13, 2024, Congressman Greg Murphy, M.D., along with several colleagues, introduced the bipartisan Enhanced Enforcement of Health Coverage Act to provide penalties for late payment or non-payment by third-party payors after an IDR entity payment determination. While this bill was not voted on, with a new Congress recently returning to session and a new administration in office, we expect to see both legislative and rulemaking efforts related to the NSA continue throughout 2025. While the NSA was passed during President Trump’s first term in office, the Biden Administration has been solely responsible for its implementation so far. If so inclined, the Trump Administration could make significant changes to current NSA regulatory implementation.

We are supportive of industry efforts challenging certain provisions of the NSA. Our experience, like that of many other healthcare providers, is that the final rule continues to unfairly favor insurers in the determination of the QPA we receive for our healthcare services. It is difficult to predict the ultimate outcome of future legal challenges or legislative and rulemaking efforts at the federal level. Additionally, there can be no assurance that third-party payors will not attempt to further reduce the rates they pay for our services or that additional rules issued under the NSA will not have adverse consequences to our business.

Regulatory Licensing and Certification. Many states, including Arizona, Arkansas, Florida, Indiana, Kansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, Ohio, Oklahoma, Texas, and Wisconsin, require regulatory approval, including licensure and certification, before establishing certain types of clinics offering certain professional and ancillary services, including the services Nutex offers. The operations of the Nutex owned and managed hospitals are subject to extensive federal, state, and local regulation relating to, among other things, the adequacy of medical care, equipment, personnel, operating policies and procedures, and proof of financial ability to operate. Our ability to operate profitably depends in part on the ability of Nutex owned and managed facilities and its providers to obtain and maintain all necessary licenses and other approvals, and maintain updates to their enrollment in the Medicare and Medicaid programs, including the addition of new hospital locations, providers and other enrollment information. In addition, certain ancillary services such as the provision of diagnostic laboratory testing require additional state and federal licensure and regulatory oversight, including oversight by CMS, under Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988, or CLIA, which requires all clinical laboratories to meet certain quality assurance, quality control and personnel standards, and comparable state laboratory licensing authorities. Standards for testing under CLIA are based on the complexity of the tests performed by the laboratory, with tests classified as “high complexity,” “moderate complexity,” or “waived.” Nutex owned and managed facilities hold CLIA Certificates of Waiver and perform certain CLIA-waived tests, which subject such clinics to certain CLIA requirements. Sanctions for failure to comply with applicable state and federal licensing, certification and other regulatory requirements include suspension, revocation or limitation of the applicable authorization, significant fines and penalties and/or an inability to receive reimbursement from government healthcare programs and other third-party payors.

Nutex’ providers must meet minimum requirements to apply for participation or continued participation with Nutex through a credentialing process, including, without limitation, having a valid, current medical license and DEA registration, if required for the provider’s scope of practice, the absence of any debarment, suspension, exclusion or other restriction from receiving payments from any government or other third-party payor program, and clearing National Practitioner Data Bank of any reports and/or disciplinary actions. Nutex’ credentialing program is designed to meet CMS and the National Committee for Quality Assurance, or NCQA, credentialing requirements as well as applicable federal and state laws. Providers are generally recredentialed every three years or more often if necessary, which is consistent with industry guidelines. In addition, network providers are required under their participating provider agreements with Nutex to have established an ongoing quality assurance program. Moreover, Nutex’ contracts may allow Nutex to withhold compensation from time to time based upon the providers meeting certain quality metrics, including HEDIS quality measures and care coordination metrics.

State Corporate Practice of Medicine and Fee-Splitting Laws. Our arrangements with our affiliated professional entities and other physician partners are subject to various state laws, commonly referred to as corporate practice of medicine and fee-splitting laws, which are intended to prevent unlicensed persons from interfering with or influencing the physician’s professional judgment and prohibiting the sharing of professional service fees with non-professional or business interests. These laws vary from state to state, including those where the Company does business, and are subject to broad interpretation and enforcement by state regulators.

A determination of non-compliance against us and/or our affiliated professional entities or other physician partners based on the reinterpretation of existing laws or adoption of new laws could lead to adverse judicial or administrative action, civil or criminal penalties, receipt of cease-and-desist orders from state regulators, loss of provider licenses, and/or restructuring of these arrangements.

Healthcare Fraud and Abuse Laws. We are subject to a number of federal and state healthcare regulatory laws that restrict certain business practices in the healthcare industry. These laws include, but are not limited to, federal and state anti-kickback, false claims, self-referral and other healthcare fraud and abuse laws.

The federal Anti-Kickback Statute, or AKS, prohibits, among other things, knowingly and willfully offering, paying, soliciting, or receiving remuneration, directly or indirectly, in cash or kind, to induce or reward either the referral of an individual for, or the purchase, order or recommendation of, any good or service, for which payment may be made under federal and state healthcare programs such as Medicare and Medicaid. A person or entity does not need to have actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it in order to have committed a violation.

Several courts have interpreted AKS’s intent requirement to mean that if any one purpose of an arrangement involving remuneration is to induce referrals of federal healthcare covered business, the AKS has been violated.

The AKS includes statutory exceptions and regulatory safe harbors that protect certain arrangements. By way of example, the AKS safe harbor for value-based arrangements and the safe harbor for arrangements between managed care organizations and downstream contractors both require, among other things, that the arrangement does not induce a person or entity to reduce or limit medically necessary items or services furnished to any patient. Failure to meet the requirements of an applicable AKS safe harbor, however, does not render an arrangement illegal. Rather, the government may evaluate such arrangements on a case-by-case basis, taking into account all facts and circumstances, including the parties’ intent and the arrangement’s potential for abuse, and may be subject to greater scrutiny by enforcement agencies.

The Stark Law prohibits a physician who has a financial relationship, or who has an immediate family member who has a financial relationship, with entities providing designated health services, or DHS, from referring Medicare and Medicaid patients to such entities for the furnishing of DHS, unless an exception applies. The Stark Law also prohibits the entity from billing for any such prohibited referral. Unlike the AKS, the Stark Law is violated if the financial arrangement does not meet an applicable exception, regardless of any intent by the parties to induce or reward referrals or the reasons for the financial relationship and the referral.

The Federal False Claims Act, or FCA, prohibits a person from knowingly presenting, or caused to be presented, a false or fraudulent request for payment from the federal government, or from making a false statement or using a false record to have a claim approved. A claim includes “any request or demand” for money or property presented to the United States government. Moreover, the government may assert that a claim including items and services resulting from a violation of the AKS or the Stark Law constitutes a false or fraudulent claim for purposes of the civil False Claims Act. Penalties for a violation of the FCA include fines for each false claim, plus up to three times the amount of damages caused by each false claim. Private individuals also have the ability to bring actions under these false claims’ laws in the name of the government alleging false and fraudulent claims presented to or paid by the government (or other violations of the statutes) and to share in any amounts paid by the entity to the government in fines or settlement. Such suits, known as qui tam actions, are pervasive in the healthcare industry.

Further, the Civil Monetary Penalties Statute authorizes the imposition of civil monetary penalties, assessments, and exclusion against an individual or entity based on a variety of prohibited conduct, including, but not limited to offering remuneration to a federal health care program beneficiary that the individual or entity knows or should know is likely to influence the beneficiary to order or receive health care items or services from a particular provider. Moreover, in certain cases, providers who routinely waive copayments and deductibles for Medicare and Medicaid beneficiaries can also be held liable under the AKS and civil FCA. One of the statutory exceptions to the prohibition is non-routine, unadvertised waivers of copayments or deductible amounts based on individualized determinations of financial need or exhaustion of reasonable collection efforts. The HHS’ Office of Inspector General emphasizes, however, that this exception should only be used occasionally to address special financial needs of a particular patient. Although this prohibition applies only to federal healthcare program beneficiaries, the routine waivers of copayments and deductibles offered to patients covered by commercial payors may implicate applicable state laws related to, among other things, unlawful schemes to defraud, excessive fees for services, tortious interference with patient contracts and statutory or common law fraud.

HIPAA also established federal criminal statutes that prohibit, among other things, knowingly and willfully executing, or attempting to execute, a scheme to defraud any healthcare benefit program, including private third-party payors, and knowingly and willfully falsifying, concealing, or covering up a material fact or making any materially false, fictitious or fraudulent statement in connection with the delivery of or payment for healthcare benefits, items or services. Similar to the AKS, a person or entity does not need to have actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it in order to have committed a violation.

Several states in which we operate have also adopted similar fraud and abuse laws as described above. The scope of these laws and the interpretations of them vary from state to state and are enforced by state courts and regulatory authorities, each with broad discretion. Some state fraud and abuse laws apply to items or services reimbursed by any payor, including patients and commercial insurers, not just those reimbursed by a federally funded healthcare program.

Violation of any of these laws or any other governmental regulations that apply may result in significant penalties, including, without limitation, administrative civil and criminal penalties, damages, disgorgement, fines, additional reporting requirements and compliance oversight obligations, in the event that a corporate integrity agreement or other agreement is required to resolve allegations of noncompliance with these laws, the curtailment or restructuring of operations, exclusion from participation in governmental healthcare programs and/ or individual imprisonment.

Healthcare Reform. In the United States, there have been, and we expect there will continue to be, a number of legislative and regulatory changes to the healthcare system, many of which are intended to contain or reduce healthcare costs. By way of example, in the United States, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act (collectively, the “ACA”) substantially changed the way healthcare is financed by both governmental and private insurers. The ACA required, among other things, CMS to establish a Medicare shared savings program that promotes accountability and coordination of care through the creation of Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs). The Medicare shared savings program allows for providers, physicians and other designated health care professionals and suppliers to form ACOs and voluntarily work together to invest in infrastructure and redesign delivery processes to give coordinated high-quality care to their Medicare patients, avoid unnecessary duplication of services and prevent medical errors. ACOs that achieve quality performance standards established by CMS are eligible to share in a portion of the Medicare program’s cost savings. ACO program methodologies and participation requirements are updated by CMS for each performance year and participants are expected to comply with such program requirements and required to report on performance after the close of the year. ACOs that fail to comply with such program requirements can face penalties or even termination of their participation in the Medicare shared savings program.

Additionally, the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation continues to test an array of value-based alternative payment models, including the Global and Professional Direct Contracting Model to allow Direct Contracting Entities to negotiate directly with the government to manage traditional Medicare beneficiaries and share in the savings and risks generated from managing such beneficiaries. Although we currently do not participate in these pilot payment models, we may choose to do so in the future. Additional changes that may affect our business include the expansion of new programs such as Medicare payment for performance initiatives for physicians under the Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act of 2015, which first affected physician payment in 2019. At this time, it is unclear how the introduction of the Medicare quality payment program will impact overall physician reimbursement. In addition, there likely will continue to be regulatory proposals directed at containing or lowering the cost of healthcare, as government healthcare programs and other third-party payors transition from FFS to value-based reimbursement models, which can include risk-sharing, bundled payment and other innovative approaches. It is possible that the federal or state governments will implement additional reductions, increases, or changes in reimbursement in the future under government programs that may adversely affect us or increase the cost of providing our services. The implementation of cost containment measures or other healthcare reforms may prevent us from being able to generate revenue or attain growth, any of which could have a material impact on our business.

Further, healthcare providers and industry participants are also subject to a growing number of requirements intended to promote the interoperability and exchange of patient health information. An example is the 21st Century Cures Act, also known as the Cures Act, which was passed and signed into law in December 2016, which includes provisions related to data interoperability, information blocking and patient access. On April 5, 2021, healthcare providers and certain other entities became subject to information blocking restrictions pursuant to the Cures Act that prohibit practices that are likely to interfere with the access, exchange or use of electronic health information, except as required by law or specified by the HHS as a reasonable and necessary activity. Violations may result in penalties or other disincentives. It is unclear at this time what the costs of compliance with the new rules will be, and what additional risks there may be to our business. Additionally, the potential impact of new policies that may be implemented as a result of the new administration is currently uncertain.

Data Privacy and Security Laws. We are subject to a number of federal and state laws and regulations that govern the collection, use, disclosure, and protection of health-related and other personal information, including health information privacy and security laws, data breach notification laws, and consumer protection laws and regulations (e.g., Section 5 of the FTC Act). For example, HIPAA imposes obligations on “covered entities,” including certain healthcare providers, such as the affiliated professional entities, health plans, and healthcare clearinghouses, and their respective “business associates” that create, receive, maintain or transmit individually identifiable health information for or on behalf of a covered entity, as well as their covered subcontractors with respect to safeguarding the privacy, security and transmission of individually identifiable health information. Entities that are found to be in violation of HIPAA, whether as the result of a breach of unsecured PHI, a complaint about privacy practices, or an audit by HHS, may be subject to significant civil, criminal, and administrative fines and penalties and/or additional reporting and oversight obligations if required to enter into a resolution agreement and corrective action plan with HHS to settle allegations of HIPAA non-compliance.

In addition, certain state laws, such as the California Confidentiality of Medical Information Act (CMIA), the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018 (CCPA), and the California Privacy Rights Act (CPRA), govern the privacy and security of personal information, including health-related information in certain circumstances, some of which are more stringent than HIPAA and many of which differ from each other in significant ways and may not have the same effect, thus complicating compliance efforts.

Failure to comply with these laws, where applicable, can result in the imposition of significant civil and/or criminal penalties and private litigation. Privacy and security laws, regulations, and other obligations are constantly evolving, may conflict with each other to complicate compliance efforts, and can result in investigations, proceedings, or actions that lead to significant civil and/or criminal penalties and restrictions on data processing.

Federal and State Insurance and Managed Care Laws. Regulation of downstream risk-sharing arrangements, including, but not limited to, at-risk and other value-based arrangements, varies significantly from state to state. Some states require downstream entities and risk-bearing entities to obtain an insurance license, a certificate of authority, or an equivalent authorization, in order to participate in downstream risk-sharing arrangements with payors. In some states, statutes, regulations and/or formal guidance explicitly address whether and in what manner the state regulates the transfer of risk by a payor to a downstream entity. However, the majority of states do not explicitly address the issue, and in such states, regulators may nonetheless interpret statutes and regulations to regulate such activity. If downstream risk-sharing arrangements are not regulated directly in a particular state, the state regulatory agency may nonetheless require oversight by the licensed payor as the party to such a downstream risk-sharing arrangement. Such oversight is accomplished via contract and may include the imposition of reserve requirements, as well as reporting obligations. Further, state regulatory stances regarding downstream risk-sharing arrangements can change rapidly and codified provisions may not keep pace with evolving risk-sharing mechanisms and other new value-based reimbursement models. Certain of the states where we currently operate or may choose to operate in the future regulate the operations and financial condition of risk bearing organizations like us and our affiliated providers.

Employees

We had 800 full-time employees as of December 31, 2024, including our named executive officers. None of our employees are covered by collective bargaining agreements, and we have not experienced any strikes or work stoppages related to labor relation issues. We believe we have good relations with our employees.

Human Capital Management

Attracting, developing, and retaining talented people who embrace our culture, execute our strategy, and enable us to compete effectively in our industry is critical to our success. Our mission is to make concierge-level health care more accessible to all communities, with a practice centered on patients’ experience and satisfaction. Our vision is to be leaders in individualized patient care and innovators in the future of health care. Patient care is our number one priority and every single decision that we make as a company revolves around creating the best possible patient care. We understand that our success is directly correlated to ensuring that we have the right team members and that each of our team members is passionate about the important role that they play in executing our mission and improving the health outcomes for all of our patients. As such, we aim to attract and retain qualified and passionate partner doctors, hospitalists and support staff who represent a diverse array of perspectives and skills who work together as a cohesive team that embodies our values and support our mission.

Our ability to recruit and retain partner doctors, hospitalists and support staff depends on a number of factors, including providing ownership opportunities, competitive compensation and benefits, development and career advancement opportunities, and a collegial work environment. We invest in those areas in an effort to ensure that we continue to be the employer of choice for our team members.

Where You Can Find More Information

We file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information required by the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Our SEC filings are also available to the public from the SEC’s internet site at http://www.sec.gov.

On our Internet website, http://www.nutexhealth.com, on the “Investors” webpage under the caption “SEC Filings”, we post the following recent filings as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with or furnished to the SEC: our annual reports on Form 10-K, our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, our current reports on Form 8-K, and any amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act.

Our business, financial condition, and operating results are affected by a number of factors, whether currently known or unknown, including risks specific to us or the healthcare industry, as well as risks that affect businesses in general. The risks disclosed in this Annual Report could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, cash flows, or results of operations and thus our stock price. These risk factors may be important to understanding other statements in this Annual Report and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes in Part II, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and Part II, Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K/A. Because of such risk factors, as well as other factors affecting the Company’s financial condition and operating results, past financial performance should not be considered to be a reliable indicator of future performance, and investors should not use historical trends to anticipate results or trends in future periods. This "Item 1A. Risk Factors" has not been updated to reflect developments occurring subsequent to the Original Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on March 31, 2025.

Our operations and financial results are subject to various risks and uncertainties, including but not limited to those described below, which could harm our business, reputation, financial condition, and operating results.

Risks Related to Nutex Health Inc.

Sales of a substantial amount of our Common Stock by our stockholders, or the perception that such sales could occur, could cause the price of our Common Stock to fall.

As of March 24, 2025, there were 5,950,539 shares of Common Stock outstanding, including 1,949,581 shares of Common Stock held by our affiliates, including our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer.

Sales of substantial amounts of our Common Stock in the public market, or the perception that such sales will occur, could adversely affect the market price of our Common Stock and make it difficult for us to raise funds through securities offerings in the future.

For the year ended December 31, 2024, we identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting. If our internal control over financial reporting is not effective, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results or file our periodic reports in a timely manner, which may cause adverse effects on our business and may cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information and may lead to a decline in the price of our Common Stock.

Effective internal control over financial reporting is necessary for us to provide reliable financial reports in a timely manner. In connection with the preparation of the Company’s annual consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2024, we concluded that there were material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. These material weaknesses are related to our logical access controls for certain financially relevant systems, our financial reporting processes, and key spreadsheets supporting the financial statements.

Throughout 2024, the Company designed and implemented internal control measures to remediate material weaknesses. The Company’s efforts include reducing reliance on manual processes and spreadsheets supporting the financial statements. The Company engaged an accounting firm to assist in the proper design, implementation and testing of internal controls over financial reporting. We added key personnel to our accounting and financial reporting teams in 2024.

While we believe that these efforts will improve our internal control over financial reporting, our remediation efforts are continuing and subject to validation and testing of the design and operating effectiveness of internal controls in 2024. The actions were subject to senior management review, as well as audit committee oversight. We will not be able to conclude whether the steps we are taking will fully remediate the remaining material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting until we have completed our remediation efforts and subsequent evaluation of their effectiveness. We may also conclude that additional measures may be required to remediate the material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting.

If we are unable to successfully remediate the material weaknesses or identify any future significant deficiencies or material weaknesses, the accuracy and timing of our financial reporting may be adversely affected, a material misstatement in our financial statements could occur, and we may be unable to maintain compliance with securities law requirements regarding timely filing of periodic reports, which may adversely affect our business and the price of our Common Stock may decline as a result.

In addition, even if we remediate the material weaknesses, we will be required to expend significant time and resources to further improve our internal controls over financial reporting, including by further expanding our finance and accounting staff to meet the demands that placed upon us as a public company, including the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. If we fail to adequately staff our accounting and finance function to remediate our material weaknesses or fail to maintain adequate internal control over financial reporting, any new or recurring material weaknesses could prevent our management from concluding that our internal control over financial reporting is effective and impair our ability to prevent material misstatements in our financial statements, which could cause our business to suffer.

We may be required to take write-downs or write-offs, restructuring and impairment or other charges that could have a significant negative effect on our financial condition, results of operations and stock price, which could cause you to lose some or all of your investment.

We may be forced to write down or write off assets, restructure operations, or incur impairment or other charges that could result in losses. Even though these charges may be non-cash items and not have an immediate impact on liquidity, any report of charges of this nature could contribute to negative market perceptions about us or our securities. In addition, charges such as write-downs or impairments may make future financing difficult to obtain on favorable terms or at all. From time to time, our intangible assets are subject to impairment testing. Under current accounting standards, our goodwill, including acquired goodwill, is tested for impairment on an annual basis and may be subject to impairment losses as circumstances change (e.g., after an acquisition).

For example, in 2023, we incurred a non-cash asset impairment charge of $29.1 million and a non-cash goodwill impairment charge of $1.1 million due to the closures of two facilities in January 2023 and two facilities in January 2024 and, in 2022, we recorded a non-cash impairment charge of $398.1 million to reduce the carrying amount of goodwill for the population health management division reporting unit acquired in the reverse business combination in connection with the Merger. The Company may have to record a significant goodwill impairment in the future, which could materially adversely affect its reported financial results and negatively impact the trading value of its Common Stock.

The laws and regulations applicable to public companies are complex and may require an increasing amount of our management’s time and increase staffing and compliance costs.

As a publicly traded company, we are subject to significant and increasing regulatory oversight and reporting obligations under federal securities laws. Laws pertaining to public companies, including new regulations proposed by the SEC, are increasingly complex and could force management to devote increasing amounts of time to compliance with such laws and potentially impact time available to the management of our business. The Company may be required to continue to expand its employee base and hire additional employees to support its operations as a public company, which will increase operating costs in future periods.

Our business and the markets in which we operate are new and rapidly evolving, which makes it difficult to evaluate our prospects and the risks and challenges we may encounter.

Our business and the markets in which we operate are new and rapidly evolving which make it difficult to evaluate and assess the success of our business to date, our prospects and the risks and challenges that we may encounter. These risks and challenges include our ability to:

• attract new partner physicians;
• retain our current physician partners;
• comply with existing and new laws and regulations applicable to our business and in our industry;
• anticipate and respond to changes in reimbursement rates and the markets in which we operate;
• react to challenges from existing and new competitors;
• maintain and continually enhance our reputation;
• effectively manage our growth and business operations, including new geographies;
• forecast our revenue, which includes reimbursements, and budget for, and manage, our expenses, including our medical expense amounts, and capital expenditures;
• hire and retain talented individuals at all levels of our organization;
• maintain and continually improve our infrastructure to adjust for the growth of the company, including our data protection, intellectual property and cybersecurity; and
• successfully execute our ambitious growth strategy.

If we fail to understand fully or adequately address these challenges that we may encounter in the future, including those challenges described here and elsewhere in this “Risk Factors” section, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected. If the risks and uncertainties that we plan for when operating our business are incorrect or change, or if we fail to manage these risks successfully, our results of operations could differ materially from our expectations and our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.

Our current business plans require a significant amount of capital. If we are unable to obtain sufficient funding or do not have access to capital, we may not be able to execute our business plans and our prospects, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.

We experienced operating losses in 2022 and 2023 and could incur operating losses in the future as we implement our business plans. We anticipate making significant capital expenditures for the foreseeable future as we expand our business, including the development of new hospital facilities and acquisition of additional IPAs.

In addition to the net proceeds from capital raise offerings, we expect to continue to seek other sources of funding, including by offering additional equity, and/or equity-linked securities, through one or more credit facilities and potentially by offering debt securities, to finance a portion of our future expenditures.

The sale of additional equity or equity-linked securities could dilute our stockholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased debt service obligations and could result in operating and financing covenants that would restrict our operations or our ability to pay dividends to our stockholders. Our ability to obtain the necessary additional financing to carry out our business plans or to refinance, if necessary, any outstanding debt when due is subject to a number of factors, including general market conditions and investor acceptance of our business model. These factors may make the timing, amount, terms and conditions of such financing not commercially viable or unavailable to us.

If we are unable to raise sufficient funds on favorable terms, we may have to significantly reduce our spending, delay or cancel our planned activities or substantially change our corporate structure. We may not be able to obtain any such funding or have sufficient resources to conduct our business as projected, both of which could mean that we would be forced to curtail or discontinue our operations and our business, financial condition and results of operation could be materially adversely affected.

We may decide to close underperforming hospitals which may result in a temporary decrease in overall revenues.

In the ordinary course of business, we continuously review the individual performance of each of our hospital facilities. As previously disclosed, we have historically closed underperforming facilities. Our commitment to providing high-quality healthcare services demands that we continually assess the performance of our hospitals. In some instances, we may find it necessary to make the difficult decision to close underperforming facilities. This could be due to various factors such as declining patient admissions, increasing operational costs, or changes in healthcare regulations. The closure of any hospital within our portfolio carries inherent risks, including a potential negative impact on our overall revenues. The closure process may involve staff reallocation or severance, and asset dispositions, all of which can be complex and costly. Additionally, the closure of a hospital may temporarily disrupt patient referrals and relationships with healthcare providers in the affected region.

While we believe that such strategic decisions are essential for the long-term sustainability of our organization and the continued provision of high-quality care, there is a risk that the closure of underperforming hospitals could lead to a short-term decrease in our overall revenues. This revenue decline may occur due to the time it takes to execute the closure process as well as potential legal or regulatory challenges associated with hospital closures.

The closure of underperforming hospitals is part of our ongoing effort to optimize our operations and improve financial performance. While we intend to carefully plan and execute our closure strategies, there can be no assurance that such strategies will successfully offset the temporary revenue decrease resulting from hospital closures.

We may experience difficulties in managing our growth and expanding our operations.

We are targeting significant growth in the scope of our operations. Our ability to manage our operations and future growth will require us to continue to improve our operational, financial and management controls, compliance programs and reporting systems. We may not be able to implement improvements in an efficient or timely manner and may discover deficiencies in existing controls, programs, systems and procedures, which could have an adverse effect on our business, reputation and financial results. Additionally, rapid growth in our business may place a strain on our human and capital resources.

Risks Related to Our Business and Industry

Recovery of certain out of network claims under the arbitration process is subject to change, and our arbitration success rate could be subject to a significant and sustained decline.

We cannot predict whether arbitration successes and claim recovery will continue at current levels. Any significant revisions to the federal arbitration process may result in a substantial decrease in claim amounts recovered in the future. In addition, the Company is unable to predict future regulatory changes, evolving arbitration practices, and payor responses to ongoing enforcement of the NSA, all of which may have an adverse impact on the Company’s ability to recover on its claims.

Reimbursement methodology and timing for our medical services is subject to change, and the reimbursement amount that we receive for emergency services could be subject to a significant and sustained decline.

Because we provide emergency medicine services, we do not have extensive relationships with large commercial payors and are generally out-of-network. Although some licensed facilities are in-network with payors, the Company’s general payor contracting/government enrollment strategy is to remain out of network. Since we do not have any contractual arrangements with insurance companies, we cannot predict the timing and amount of the payments we ultimately receive for our services and estimates and assumptions, which are based on historical insurance payment amounts and timing.

In addition, as a result of the NSA becoming effective on January 1, 2022, we initially experienced a significant decline in collections of patient claims for emergency services and have had only limited success at achieving collections at or higher than the established qualifying payment amount, which is the median in-network contracted rate for the same insurance market. Any sustained decline in the collections we receive for our emergency services could have a material adverse effect on our operations and financial performance and may negatively affect the trading value of our Common Stock.

The federal regulations promulgated under the NSA, including those establishing the IDR process, have been and continue to be subject to legal challenges. For example, in August 2023, a federal district court vacated certain provisions of these rules and related guidance documents regarding nonrefundable administrative fees and dispute batching criteria. As a result, federal agencies issued a final rule in December 2023 that set forth new provisions governing the calculation of payments associated with the IDR process. Appeals to district court rulings disallowing portions of regulations implementing the NSA are ongoing, and regulatory uncertainty continues to delay claims resolution and may negatively impact our ability to receive appropriate revenue for the services our hospitals provide.

The estimates and assumptions we are required to make in connection with the preparation of our financial statements may prove to be inaccurate.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period.

We apply ASC 606 – Revenue from Contracts with Customers in making estimates of its earned revenue and accounts receivable at each reporting date. This estimation process for variable consideration is highly subjective. The Company regularly conducts a comparative analysis of its actual results to its previously estimated results in order to evaluate whether changes to its estimation process are required. The estimation of variable consideration is particularly complex within the healthcare industry generally because of the broad range of services provided, the range of reimbursements by patient insurance companies and collectability of patient responsible amounts. In addition, our hospital division generally operates as an out-of-network provider and, as such, does not have negotiated reimbursement rates with insurance companies, adding to the complexity and potential uncertainty of the estimation process.

Our estimates with respect to the claims processing by insurance companies and our resulting cash collections may differ from previous estimated results, and we may be required to make periodic adjustments to our estimation process for new facts or circumstances.

Additionally, our estimates with respect to arbitration wins and our resulting cash collections from arbitration may differ due to significant administrative time built into the federal arbitration process and delays in collections.

Ultimate amounts collected may differ from anticipated collections, and, as a result, may impact our ability to generate revenue at expected levels.

Public health emergencies could negatively affect our operations, business and financial condition, and our ability to generate revenue could be negatively impacted if the U.S. economy remains unstable for a significant amount of time.

As a front-line provider of health care services, we have been and will be affected by the health and economic effects of public health emergencies such as COVID-19. If the COVID-19 virus and its potentially more contagious variants cause an additional resurgence of infection of COVID-19, or if new variants continue to develop resistance to government approved COVID-19 vaccinations, or if an influenza or other pandemic were to occur, our business, results of operations, financial condition and liquidity could be negatively impacted.

As a result of public health emergencies, we experienced, and in the future could experience, supply chain disruptions, including shortages and delays, and could experience significant price increases, in equipment and medical supplies, particularly personal protective equipment or PPE. Staffing, equipment, and medical supplies shortages may also impact our ability to serve patients at our centers.

In addition, our results and financial condition may be adversely affected by future federal or state laws, regulations, orders, or other governmental or regulatory actions addressing public health emergencies such as a COVID-19 or the U.S. health care system, which, if adopted, could result in direct or indirect restrictions to its business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flow.

We rely on our management team and key employees and our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations could be harmed if we are unable to retain qualified personnel.

Our success depends largely upon the continued services of key members of senior management, including our chief executive officer. We also rely on our leadership team in the areas of operations and general and administrative functions. From time to time, there may be changes in our management team resulting from the hiring or departure of executives, which could disrupt our business. The replacement of one or more of our executive officers or other key employees would likely involve significant time and costs and may significantly delay or prevent the achievement of our business objectives. Our business would also be adversely affected if we fail to adequately plan for succession of our executives and senior management; or if we fail to effectively recruit, integrate, retain and develop key talent and/or align our talent with our business needs, in light of the current rapidly changing environment. While we have succession plans in place and we have employment arrangements with our key executives, these do not guarantee that the services of these or suitable successor executives will continue to be available to us.

Competition for qualified personnel in our field is intense due to the limited number of individuals who possess the skills and experience required by our industry. As a result, as we enter new geographies, it may be difficult for us to hire additional qualified personnel with the necessary skills to work in such geographies. If our hiring efforts in new or existing geographies are not successful, our business will be harmed. In addition, we have experienced employee turnover and expect to continue to experience employee turnover in the future. New hires require significant training and, in most cases, take significant time before they achieve full productivity. New employees may not become as productive as we expect, and we may be unable to hire or retain sufficient numbers of qualified individuals. If our retention efforts are not successful or our employee turnover rate increases in the future, our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations will be harmed.

In addition, in making employment decisions, job candidates often consider the value of the stock options or other equity instruments they are to receive in connection with their employment. Volatility in the price of our stock may, therefore, adversely affect our ability to attract or retain highly skilled personnel. Further, the requirement to expense stock options and other equity instruments may discourage us from granting the size or type of stock option or equity awards that job candidates require to join our company. Failure to attract new personnel or failure to retain and motivate our current personnel, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our growth depends in part on our ability to identify and develop successful new geographies, physician partners and patients. If we are not able to successfully execute upon our growth strategies, there may be a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations.

Our business depends on our ability to identify and develop successful geographies and relationships with physician partners and healthcare professionals, and to successfully execute upon our growth initiatives to increase the profitability of our physician partners and healthcare professionals. In order to pursue our strategy successfully, we must effectively implement our partnership model, including identifying suitable candidates and successfully building relationships with and managing integration of new physician partners. We contract with a limited number of physician partners and rely on such physicians within each geography. Our growth initiatives in our existing geographies depend, in part, on our physician partners’ ability to increase their capacity and to effectively meet increased patient demand. We may encounter difficulties in recruiting additional physicians to work at our hospitals due to many factors, including significant competition in their respective geographies. Accordingly, the loss or dissatisfaction of any physician partners, our inability to recruit, or the failure of our hospitals to recruit additional physicians or manage and scale capacity to timely meet patient demand, could substantially harm our reputation, impact our competitiveness, and impair our ability to attract new physician partners and maintain existing physician partnerships, both in new geographies and in geographies in which we currently operate, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations.

Further, our growth strategy depends, in part, on securing and integrating new high-caliber physician partners and expanding into new geographies in which we have little or no operating experience. Integration and other risks can be more pronounced for larger and more complicated relationships or relationships outside of our core business space, or if we pursue multiple relationships simultaneously. New geographies, into which we seek to expand, may have laws and regulations that differ from those applicable to our current operations. As a rapidly growing company, we may be unfamiliar with the regulatory requirements in each geography that we enter, and we may be forced to incur significant expenditures to ensure compliance with regulatory requirements to which we are subject. If we are unable or unwilling to incur such costs, our growth in new geographies may be less successful than in our current geographies.

Our growth to date has significantly increased the demands on our management, operational and financial systems, infrastructure and other resources. We must continue to improve our existing systems for operational and financial management, including our reporting systems, procedures and controls. These improvements could require significant capital expenditure and place increasing demands on our management. We may not be successful in managing or expanding our operations or in maintaining adequate financial and operating systems and controls. If we do not successfully manage these processes, our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations could be harmed.

In his capacity as the co-owner of the real estate entities that lease the land and buildings to our hospital facilities, Dr. Vo, our Chairman, CEO and major stockholder, may have conflicts of interest with the Company and its public stockholders.

The majority of our hospital facilities have contractual relationships with separately owned real estate entities (the “Real Estate Entities”) and each hospital has contractual relationships with separately owned professional entities (the “Physician LLCs”).

The Physician LLCs are owned by the doctors providing services to the corresponding hospital, provide physician and provider services to the hospitals, and employ the doctors and other providers.

The Real Estate Entities, also partially owned by the doctors providing services to the corresponding hospital, own the land and/or buildings that are leased to our hospitals. The Real Estate Entities incur debt to purchase or construct the hospital facility. Lease payments received from our hospitals are used by the Real Estate Entities to make payments on their debt. Each hospital facility’s lease payments are guaranteed by the Company.

In addition to its respective doctor owners, each Real Estate Entity is partially owned or controlled by Dr. Vo, our Chairman, CEO and major stockholder, holding approximately 33% of our outstanding Common Stock. As a result, the interests of Dr. Vo, in his capacity as part owner of the Real Estate Entities, may differ from the interests of the Company and its public shareholders, both in the re-negotiation of existing contractual relationships between the Company-owned hospital facilities and the Real Estate Entities and in the establishment of new hospital entities and their respective Real Estate Entities.

If the estimates and assumptions we use to project the size, revenue or medical expense amounts of our target geographies are inaccurate or the cost of providing services exceeds the amounts received by us, our future growth prospects may be impacted, and we may generate losses or fail to attain financial performance targets.

We often do not have access to reliable historical data regarding the size, revenue or medical expense levels of our target geographies or potential physician partners. As a result, our market opportunity estimates and financial forecasts developed as we enter into a new geography, are subject to significant uncertainty, and are based on assumptions and estimates that may not prove to be accurate. The estimates and forecasts in this prospectus relating to the size and expected growth of the market for our services, and the estimates of our market opportunity may prove to be inaccurate.

Changes in our anticipated ratio of medical expenses to revenue can negatively impact our financial results. Accordingly, the failure to adequately predict and control medical costs and expenses could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. Additionally, the medical expenses of patients may be outside of our physician partners’ control in the event patients take certain actions that increase such expenses, such as unnecessary hospital visits. If we underestimate or do not correctly predict the cost of the care our partner physicians furnish to patients, we might be underpaid for the care that must be provided to patients, which could have a negative impact on our results of operations and financial condition.

We primarily depend on reimbursement by third-party payors, as well as payments by individuals, which could lead to delays and uncertainties in the timing and process of reimbursement, including any changes or reductions in Medicare reimbursement rates or rules.

The reimbursement and associated arbitration process is complex and can involve lengthy delays. Although we recognize revenue when we provide services to patients, we may from time-to-time experience delays in receiving reimbursement for the service provided, in particular as a result of the federally mandated independent dispute resolution process. Third-party payors may disallow, in whole or in part, requests for reimbursement based on determinations that the patient is not eligible for coverage, certain amounts are not reimbursable under plan coverage, were for services provided that were not medically necessary, or additional supporting documentation is necessary. Retroactive adjustments may change amounts realized from third-party payors. As described below, we are subject to audits by such payors, including governmental audits of our Medicare claims, and may be required to repay these payors if a finding is made that we were incorrectly reimbursed. Delays and uncertainties in the reimbursement process may adversely affect accounts receivable, increase the overall costs of collection and cause us to incur additional borrowing costs. Third-party payors are also increasingly focused on controlling healthcare costs, and such efforts, including any revisions to reimbursement policies, may further reduce, complicate or delay our reimbursement claims.

In addition, certain of our patients are covered under health plans that require the patient to cover a portion of their own healthcare expenses through the payment of copayments or deductibles. We may not be able to collect the full amounts due with respect to these payments that are the patient’s financial responsibility, or in those instances where physicians provide services to uninsured individuals. To the extent permitted by law, amounts not covered by third-party payors are the obligations of individual patients for which we may not receive whole or partial payment. Any increase in cost shifting from third-party payors to individual patients, including as a result of high deductible plans for patients, increases our collection costs and reduces overall collections, which we may not be able to offset with sufficient revenue.

Our business and growth strategy depend on our ability to maintain and expand facilities staffed with qualified physicians. If we are unable to do so, future growth would be limited and our business, operating results and financial condition would be harmed.

Our success is dependent upon a continued ability to maintain an adequate staff of qualified providers to staff the facilities. If we are unable to recruit and retain physicians and other healthcare professionals, it would have a material adverse effect on our business and ability to grow and would adversely affect the results of operations. In any particular market, providers could demand higher payments or take other actions that could result in higher medical costs, less attractive service for our customers or difficulty meeting applicable regulatory or accreditation requirements. Our ability to develop and maintain satisfactory relationships with providers also may be negatively impacted by other factors not associated with us, such as changes in reimbursement levels and consolidation activity among hospitals, physician groups and healthcare providers, the continued private equity investment in physician practice management platforms and other market and operating pressures on healthcare providers. The failure to maintain or to secure new cost-effective provider contracts may result in a loss of or inability to staff existing or new facilities, higher costs, less attractive service for patients and/or difficulty in meeting applicable regulatory requirements, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

If any of our physician partners lose their regulatory licenses, permits and/or accreditation status, or become ineligible to receive reimbursement under Medicare or Medicaid or from other third-party payors, there may be a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows, or results of operations.

The operations of our hospitals through our physician partners are subject to extensive federal, state and local regulation relating to, among other things, the adequacy of medical care, equipment, personnel, operating policies and procedures, fire prevention, rate-setting and compliance with building codes and environmental protection. Our hospitals and their affiliated professional entities are also subject to extensive laws and regulation relating to facility and professional licensure, conduct of operations, including financial relationships among healthcare providers, Medicare and Medicaid fraud and abuse and physician self-referrals, and maintaining updates to the hospital’s affiliated professional entities’ enrollment in the Medicare and Medicaid programs, including the addition of new clinic locations, providers and other enrollment information. Our hospitals and their affiliated professional entities are subject to periodic inspection by licensing authorities and accreditation organizations to ensure their continued compliance with these various standards. There can be no assurance that these regulatory authorities will determine that all applicable requirements are fully met at any given time. Should any of our hospitals or their affiliated professional entities be found to be noncompliant with these requirements, we could be assessed fines and penalties, could be required to refund reimbursement amounts or could lose our licensure or Medicare and/or Medicaid certification or accreditation so that we or our hospitals are unable to receive reimbursement from third-party payors, which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations.

We are dependent on our physicians and other healthcare professionals to effectively manage the quality and cost of care.

Our success depends upon our continued ability to collaborate with and expand the number of highly qualified physicians and other healthcare professionals, which are key drivers of our profitability.

We operate in a competitive industry, and if we are not able to compete effectively, our business, financial condition and results of operations will be harmed.

Our industry is competitive, and we expect it to attract increased competition. We currently face competition in various aspects of our business, including from a range of companies that provide similar services, including hospitals, managed service organizations and provider networks and data analysis consultants.

Our primary competitors include numerous local provider networks, hospitals and health systems. We may face a more competitive environment and increased challenges to grow at the rates we have projected. We expect that competition will continue to increase as a result of consolidation in the healthcare industry and increased demand for its services.

Some of our competitors may have greater name recognition, particularly in local geographies, longer operating histories, superior products or services and significantly greater resources than we do. Further, our current or potential competitors may be acquired by or partner with third parties with greater resources than we have. As a result, our competitors may be able to respond more quickly and effectively than we can to new or changing opportunities, technologies, standards or customer requirements and may have the ability to initiate or withstand premium competition. In addition, current and potential competitors have established, and may in the future establish, cooperative relationships with providers of complementary services, technologies or services to increase the attractiveness of their services.

Accordingly, new competitors or alliances may emerge which could put us at a competitive disadvantage. If we are unable to successfully compete, our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.

Developments affecting spending by the healthcare industry could adversely affect our business.

The U.S. healthcare industry has changed significantly in recent years, and we expect that significant changes will continue to occur. General reductions in expenditures by healthcare industry participants could result from, among other things:

• regulatory uncertainty regarding the implementation of and reimbursement processes under the NSA;
• government regulations or private initiatives that affect the manner in which healthcare providers interact with patients, payors or other healthcare industry participants, including changes in pricing or means of delivery of healthcare products and services;
• consolidation of healthcare industry participants;
• reductions in government funding for healthcare; and
• adverse changes in business or economic conditions affecting healthcare payors or providers or other healthcare industry participants.

Any of these changes in healthcare spending could adversely affect our revenue. Even if general expenditures by industry participants remain the same or increase, developments in the healthcare industry may result in reduced spending in some or all of the specific market segments that we serve now or in the future. However, the timing and impact of developments in the healthcare industry are difficult to predict. Demand for our services may not continue at current levels and we may not have adequate technical, financial, and marketing resources to react to changes in the healthcare industry.

We and our physician partners and other healthcare professionals may become subject to medical liability claims, which could cause us to incur significant expenses and may require us to pay significant damages if the claims are not covered by insurance.

Our overall business entails the risk of medical liability claims. Although we, and our partner professionals carry insurance covering medical malpractice claims in amounts that we believe are appropriate in light of the risks attendant to the services rendered, successful medical liability claims could result in substantial damage awards that exceed the limits of our and those partner professionals’ insurance coverage. We carry or will carry professional liability insurance for us and each of our healthcare professionals. Professional liability insurance is expensive, and insurance premiums may increase significantly in the future, particularly as we expand our services. As a result, adequate professional liability insurance may not be available to us and our partner professionals in the future at acceptable costs or at all, which may negatively impact our and our partner professionals’ ability to provide services to our hospitals, and thereby adversely affect our overall business and operations.

Any claims made against us or our partner professionals that are not fully covered by insurance could be costly to defend against, result in substantial damage awards, and divert the attention of our management and our partner professional entities from our operations, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, any claims may adversely affect our business or reputation.

If we or our partner physicians or other healthcare providers fail to comply with applicable data interoperability and information blocking rules, our consolidated results of operations could be adversely affected.

The 21st Century Cures Act, or the Cures Act, which was passed and signed into law in December 2016, includes provisions related to data interoperability, information blocking and patient access. In March 2020, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, or HHS, Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology, or ONC, and CMS finalized and issued complementary rules that are intended to clarify provisions of the Cures Act regarding interoperability and information blocking, and include, among other things, requirements surrounding information blocking, changes to ONC’s health IT certification program and requirements that CMS regulated payors make relevant claims/care data and provider directory information available through standardized patient access and provider directory application programming interfaces that connect to provider electronic health record systems. The companion rules will transform the way in which healthcare providers, health IT developers, health information exchanges/health information networks, or HIEs/HINs, and health plans share patient information, and create significant new requirements for healthcare industry participants. For example, the ONC rule, which went into effect on April 5, 2021, prohibits healthcare providers, health IT developers of certified health IT, and HIEs/HINs from engaging in practices that are likely to interfere with, prevent, materially discourage, or otherwise inhibit the access, exchange or use of electronic health information, or EHI, also known as “information blocking.” To further support access and exchange of EHI, the ONC rule identifies eight “reasonable and necessary activities” as exceptions to information blocking activities, as long as specific conditions are met. Any failure to comply with these rules could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Our business and operations could suffer in the event of material information technology system failures, security breaches, or other deficiencies in cybersecurity.

Our information technology systems facilitate our ability to conduct our business. While we have disaster recovery systems and business continuity plans in place, any disruptions in our disaster recovery systems or the failure of these systems to operate as expected could, depending on the magnitude of the problem, adversely affect our operating results by limiting our capacity to effectively monitor and control our operations. Despite our implementation of a variety of reasonable security measures, our information technology systems could be subject to physical or electronic break-ins, and similar disruptions from unauthorized tampering or any weather-related disruptions where our headquarters is located. In addition, in the event that a significant number of our management personnel were unavailable in the event of a disaster, our ability to effectively conduct business could be adversely affected.

In the ordinary course of our business, we, our partner physicians or other physician partners collect and store sensitive data, including personally identifiable information, protected health information, intellectual property and proprietary business information owned or controlled by us or our employees, members and other parties. We manage and maintain our applications and data utilizing a combination of on-site systems and cloud-based data centers. We utilize external security and infrastructure vendors to provide and manage parts of our information technology systems, including our data centers. These applications and data encompass a wide variety of business-critical information, including research and development information, customer information, commercial information and business and financial information. We face a number of risks with respect to the protection of this information, including loss of access, inappropriate use or disclosure, unauthorized access, inappropriate modification and the risk of being unable to adequately monitor and audit and modify our controls over our critical information. This risk extends to the third-party vendors and subcontractors we use to manage this sensitive data or otherwise process it on our behalf. A breach or failure of our or our third-party vendors’ or subcontractors’ network, hosted service providers or vendor systems could result from a variety of circumstances and events, including third-party action, employee negligence or error, malfeasance, computer viruses, cyber-attacks by computer hackers such as denial-of-service and phishing attacks, failures during the process of upgrading or replacing software and databases, power outages, hardware failures, telecommunication failures, user errors, or catastrophic events. If these third-party vendors or subcontractors fail to protect their information technology systems and our confidential and proprietary information, we may be vulnerable to disruptions in service and unauthorized access to our confidential or proprietary information and we could incur liability and reputational damage.

The secure processing, storage, maintenance and transmission of information is vital to our operations and business strategy, and we devote significant resources to protecting such information. Although we take reasonable measures to protect sensitive data from unauthorized access, use or disclosure, our information technology and infrastructure may still be vulnerable to, and we have in the past experienced, low-threat attacks by hackers or breaches due to employee error, malfeasance or other malicious or inadvertent disruptions. Further, attacks upon information technology systems are increasing in their frequency, levels of persistence, sophistication and intensity, particularly in the healthcare industry in which we operate where there is an increased reliance on internet technology and remote employees. Furthermore, because the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access to, or to sabotage, systems change frequently and often are not recognized until launched against a target, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or implement adequate preventative measures, which could result in an incident that compromises the security of our networks or information and is undetected for an extended period. Our information systems must also be continually updated, patched and upgraded to protect against known vulnerabilities and the sheer volume and criticality of these patches has increased markedly. Each time a new vulnerability is identified we are at risk that cyber-attackers exploit such known vulnerability before we have been able to address it.

Any unauthorized access, breach, or loss of personal information could result in the disruption of our operations, legal claims or proceedings, and liability under federal or state laws that protect the privacy of personal information, and corresponding regulatory penalties. In addition, we could face criminal liability, damages for contract breach, reputational harm that could impact our ability to compete, and incur significant costs for remedial measures to prevent future occurrences and mitigate past violations. Notice of breaches may be required to be made to affected individuals or other state or federal regulators, and for extensive breaches, notice may need to be made to the media or State Attorneys General. Such a notice could harm our reputation and our ability to compete. Although we maintain insurance covering certain security and privacy damages and claim expenses, we may not carry insurance or maintain coverage sufficient to compensate for all liability and in any event, insurance coverage would not address the reputational damage that could result from a security incident. Despite our implementation of security measures reasonably designed to prevent unauthorized access, there is no guarantee we can protect our data from breach.

Actual or perceived failures to comply with applicable data protection, privacy and security laws, regulations, standards and other requirements, including contractual obligations, could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Numerous state and federal laws, regulations, standards and other legal obligations, including consumer protection laws and regulations, which govern the collection, dissemination, use, access to, confidentiality, security and processing of personal information, including health-related information, could apply to our operations or the operations of our partners.

These privacy and security laws and regulations (including our contractual obligations) are constantly evolving, may conflict with each other, and can result in investigations, procedures, or actions that lead to significant civil and criminal penalties and operational restrictions.

Any failure or perceived failure by us or our employees, representatives, contractors, consultants, collaborators, or other third parties to comply with such requirements or adequately address privacy and security concerns, even if unfounded, could result in additional cost and liability to us, damage our reputation, and adversely affect our business and results of operations.

Any future litigation against us could be costly and time-consuming to defend.

We may become subject, from time to time, to legal proceedings, federal and state audits, government investigations, and payor audits, investigations, overpayments, and claims that arise in the ordinary course of business such as claims brought by our clients in connection with commercial disputes or employment claims made by our current or former associates. Litigation and audits may result in substantial costs and may divert management’s attention and resources, which may substantially harm our business, financial condition and results of operations. Insurance may not cover such claims, may not provide sufficient payments to cover all of the costs to resolve one or more such claims and may not continue to be available on terms acceptable to us. A claim brought against us that is uninsured or underinsured could result in unanticipated costs, thereby reducing our earnings and leading analysts or potential investors to reduce their expectations of our performance, which could reduce the market price of our Common Stock.

Changes in U.S. tax laws, and the adoption of tax reform policies could adversely affect our operating results and financial condition.

We are subject to federal and state income and non-income taxes in the United States. Tax laws, regulations, and administrative practices in various jurisdictions may be subject to significant change, with or without notice, due to economic, political, and other conditions, and significant judgment is required in evaluating and estimating these taxes. Our effective tax rates could be affected by numerous factors, such as entry into new businesses and geographies, changes to our existing business and operations, acquisitions and investments and how they are financed, changes in our stock price, changes in our deferred tax assets and liabilities and their valuation, and changes in the relevant tax, accounting, and other laws, regulations, administrative practices, principles and interpretations. We are required to take positions regarding the interpretation of complex statutory and regulatory tax rules and on valuation matters that are subject to uncertainty, and tax authorities may challenge the positions that we take.

Our quarterly results may fluctuate significantly, which could adversely impact the value of our Common Stock.

Our quarterly results of operations, including our revenue, net loss and cash flows, have varied and may vary significantly in the future, and period-to-period comparisons of our results of operations may not be meaningful. Accordingly, our quarterly results should not be relied upon as an indication of future performance. Our quarterly financial results may fluctuate as a result of a variety of factors, many of which are outside of our control, including, without limitation, the following:

• the timing of recognition of revenue, including possible delays in the recognition of revenue due to sometimes unpredictable implementation timelines;
• the amount and timing of operating expenses related to the maintenance and expansion of our business, operations and infrastructure;
• our ability to respond to competitive developments;
• security or data privacy breaches and associated remediation costs; and
• the timing of expenses related to the development or acquisition of additional hospitals or businesses.

Any fluctuation in our quarterly results may not accurately reflect the underlying performance of our business and could cause a decline in the trading price of our Common Stock.

Obligations under the term loans of our hospitals, and our related loan and leases guarantees could restrict our operations, particularly our ability to respond to changes in our business or to take specified actions. An event of default under the term loans could harm our business, and creditors having security interests over the hospital assets as well as the leased real estate would be able to foreclose on such assets.

Each of our hospitals is a party to term loans and lines of credit guaranteed by Nutex Holdco to finance hospital equipment and related assets, for aggregate borrowings of approximately $34.0 million as of December 31, 2024.

In addition, Nutex Holdco has assumed in the Merger and subsequently entered into guarantees of finance lease obligations of each of our hospitals and mortgage debt of Real Estate Entities affiliated with Dr. Vo, the Company’s chairman and Chief Executive Officer.

The term loans and lease and mortgage loan guarantees require us to comply with a number of financial and other obligations, which include maintaining debt service coverage and leverage ratios and maintaining insurance coverage, and may impose significant operating and financial restrictions on us, including restrictions on our ability to take actions that may be in our interests. These obligations may limit our flexibility in our operations, and breaches of these obligations could result in defaults under the term loans or guarantees, even if we had satisfied our payment obligations. Moreover, if we defaulted on these obligations, creditors having security interests over the hospital assets or real estate assets could exercise various remedies, including foreclosing on and selling our assets or the real estate assets underlying our hospitals. Unless waived by creditors, for which no assurance can be given, defaulting on these obligations could result in a material adverse effect on our financial condition and ability to continue our operations.

The arrangements we have with our VIEs are not as secure as direct ownership of such entities.

Because of corporate practice of medicine laws, we entered into contractual arrangements to manage certain affiliated physician practice groups or independent physician associations, which allow us to consolidate those groups for financial reporting purposes. We do not have direct ownership interests in any of our VIEs and are not able to exercise rights as an equity holder to directly change the members of the board of directors of these entities so as to affect changes at the management and operational level. Under our arrangements with our VIEs, we must rely on their equity holders to exercise our control over the entities. If our affiliated entities or their equity holders fail to perform as expected, we may have to incur substantial costs and expend additional resources to enforce such arrangements.

Any failure by our affiliated entities or their owners to perform their obligations under their agreements with us would have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

The Physician LLCs are owned by individual physicians who could die, become incapacitated, or become no longer affiliated with us. Although the Management Services Agreements (MSAs) of our hospitals with these affiliates provide that they will be binding on successors of current owners, as the successors are not parties to the MSAs, it is uncertain in case of the death, bankruptcy, or divorce of a current owner whether their successors would be subject to such MSAs.

If there is a change in accounting principles or the interpretation thereof affecting consolidation of VIEs, it could impact our consolidation of total revenues derived from our affiliated physician groups.

Our financial statements are consolidated and include the accounts of our majority-wholly owned subsidiary AHP Health Management Services Inc., non-owned affiliated physician groups and real estate entities that each is a VIE, which consolidation is effectuated in accordance with applicable accounting rules promulgated by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”). Such accounting rules require that, under some circumstances, the VIE consolidation model be applied when a reporting enterprise holds a variable interest (e.g., equity interests, debt obligations, certain management, and service contracts) in a legal entity. Under this model, an enterprise must assess the entity in which it holds a variable interest to determine whether it meets the criteria to be consolidated as a VIE. If the entity is a VIE, the consolidation framework next identifies the party, if one exists, that possesses a controlling financial interest in the VIE, and then requires that party to consolidate as the primary beneficiary. An enterprise’s determination of whether it has a controlling financial interest in a VIE requires that a qualitative determination be made and is not solely based on voting rights. If an enterprise determines the entity in which it holds a variable interest is not subject to the VIE consolidation model, the enterprise should apply the traditional voting control model which focuses on voting rights.

In our case, the VIE consolidation model applies to our controlled, but not owned, physician-affiliated entities including our IPA and PLLCs. Our determination regarding the consolidation of our affiliates, however, could be challenged, which could have a material adverse effect on our operations. In addition, in the event of a change in accounting rules or FASB’s interpretations thereof, or if there were an adverse determination by a regulatory agency or a court or a change in state or federal law relating to the ability to maintain present agreements or arrangements with our affiliated physician group, we may not be permitted to continue to consolidate the revenues of our VIE.

Risk Related to our Population Health Management Division

New physicians and other providers must be properly enrolled in governmental healthcare programs before we can receive reimbursement for their services, and there may be delays in the enrollment process.

Each time a new physician joins us or our affiliated IPA groups, we must enroll the physician under our applicable group identification number for Medicare and Medicaid programs and for certain managed care and private insurance programs before we can receive reimbursement for services the physician renders to beneficiaries of those programs. The estimated time to receive approval for the enrollment is sometimes difficult to predict and, in recent years, the Medicare program carriers often have not issued these numbers to our affiliated physicians in a timely manner. These practices result in delayed reimbursement that may adversely affect our cash flows.

We may have difficulty collecting payments from third-party payors in a timely manner.

We derive significant revenue from third-party payors, and delays in payment or refunds to payors may adversely impact our net revenue. We assume the financial risks relating to uncollectible and delayed payments. In particular, we rely on some key governmental payors. Governmental payors typically pay on a more extended payment cycle, which could require us to incur substantial expenses prior to receiving corresponding payments. In the current healthcare environment, as payors continue to control expenditures for healthcare services, including through revising their coverage and reimbursement policies, we may continue to experience difficulties in collecting payments from payors that may seek to reduce or delay such payments. If we are not timely paid in full or if we need to refund some payments, our revenues, cash flows, and financial condition could be adversely affected.

Decreases in payor rates could adversely affect us.

Decreases in payor rates, either prospectively or retroactively, could have a significant adverse effect on our revenues, cash flow, and results of operations.

Federal and state laws may limit our ability to collect monies owed by patients.

We use third-party collection agencies whom we do not control to collect from patients any co-payments and other payments for services that our physicians provide. The federal Fair Debt Collection Practices Act of 1977 (the “FDCPA”) restricts the methods that third-party collection companies may use to contact and seek payment from consumer debtors regarding past due accounts. State laws vary with respect to debt collection practices, although most state requirements are similar to those under the FDCPA. Therefore, such agencies may not be successful in collecting payments owed to us and our affiliated physician groups. If practices of collection agencies utilized by us are inconsistent with these standards, we may be subject to actual damages and penalties. These factors and events could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

We have established reserves for our potential medical claim losses, which are subject to inherent uncertainties, and a deficiency in the established reserves may lead to a reduction in our assets or net incomes.

We establish reserves for estimated Insured but Not Reported (IBNR) claims. IBNR estimates are developed using actuarial methods and are based on many variables, including the utilization of healthcare services, historical payment patterns, cost trends, product mix, seasonality, changes in membership, and other factors. The estimation methods and the resulting reserves are periodically reviewed and updated.

Many of our contracts are complex in nature and may be subject to differing interpretations regarding amounts due for the provision of various services. Such interpretations may not come to light until a substantial period of time has passed. The inherent difficulty in interpreting contracts and estimating necessary reserves could result in significant fluctuations in our estimates from period to period. Our actual losses and related expenses therefore may differ, even substantially, from the reserve estimates reflected in our financial statements. If actual claims exceed our estimated reserves, we may be required to increase reserves, which would lead to a reduction in our assets or net income.

We do not have a Knox-Keene license.

The Knox-Keene Health Care Service Plan Act of 1975 was passed by the California State Legislature to regulate California managed care plans and is currently administered by the California Department of Managed Healthcare (DMHC). A Knox-Keene Act license is required to operate a healthcare service plan, e.g., an HMO, or an organization that accepts global risk, i.e., accepts full risk for a patient population, including risk related to institutional services, e.g., hospital, and professional services. Applying for and obtaining such a license is a time consuming and detail-oriented undertaking. We currently do not hold any Knox-Keene license. If the DMHC were to determine that we have been inappropriately taking risk for institutional and professional services as a result of our various hospital and physician arrangements without having any Knox-Keene license or applicable regulatory exemption, we may be required to obtain a Knox-Keene license and could be subject to civil and criminal liability, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

A Knox-Keene Act license or exemption from licensure, where applicable, is required to operate a healthcare service plan, e.g., an HMO, or an organization that accepts global risk, i.e., accepts full risk for a patient population, including risk related to institutional services, e.g., hospital, and professional services.

If our affiliated physician group is not able to satisfy California financial solvency regulations, they could become subject to sanctions and their ability to do business in California could be limited or terminated.

The DMHC has instituted financial solvency regulations. The regulations are intended to provide a formal mechanism for monitoring the financial solvency of a RBO in California, including capitated physician groups. Under current DMHC regulations, our affiliated physician groups, as applicable, are required to, among other things:

• Maintain, at all times, a minimum “cash-to-claims ratio” (which means the organization’s cash, marketable securities, and certain qualified receivables, divided by the organization’s total unpaid claims liability) of 0.75; and
• Submit periodic reports to the DMHC containing various data and attestations regarding their performance and financial solvency, including IBNR calculations and documentation and attestations as to whether or not the organization (i) was in compliance with the “Knox-Keene Act” requirements related to claims payment timeliness, (ii) had maintained positive tangible net equity (“TNE”), and (iii) had maintained positive working capital.

In the event that a physician group is not in compliance with any of the above criteria, it would be required to describe in a report submitted to the DMHC the reasons for non-compliance and actions to be taken to bring it into compliance. Under such regulations, the DMHC can also make some of the information contained in the reports, public, including, but not limited to, whether or not a particular physician organization met each of the criteria. In the event any of our affiliated physician groups are not able to meet certain of the financial solvency requirements, and fail to meet subsequent corrective action plans, it could be subject to sanctions, or limitations on, or removal of, its ability to do business in California. There can be no assurance that our affiliated physician group, such as our IPA, will remain in compliance with DMHC requirements or be able to timely and adequately rectify non-compliance. To the extent that we need to provide additional capital to our affiliated physician group in the future in order to comply with DMHC regulations, we would have less cash available for other parts of our operations.

Primary care physicians may seek to affiliate with our and our competitors’ IPAs at the same time.

It is common in the medical services industry for primary care physicians to be affiliated with multiple IPAs. Our affiliated IPA therefore may enter into agreements with physicians who are also affiliated with our competitors. However, some of our competitors at times have agreements with physicians that require the physician to provide exclusive services. Our affiliated IPA often has no knowledge, and no way of knowing, whether a physician is subject to an exclusivity agreement without being informed by the physician. Competitors could initiate lawsuits against us alleging in part interference with such exclusivity arrangements. An adverse outcome from any such lawsuit could adversely affect our business, cash flows and financial condition.

If we inadvertently employ or contract with an excluded person, we may face government sanctions.

Individuals and entities can be excluded from participating in the Medicare and Medicaid programs for violating certain laws and regulations, or for other reasons such as the loss of a license in any state, even if the person retains other licensure. This means that the excluded person and others are prohibited from receiving payments for such person’s services rendered to Medicare or Medicaid beneficiaries, and if the excluded person is a physician, all services ordered (not just provided) by such physician are also non-covered and non-payable. Entities that employ or contract with excluded individuals are prohibited from billing the Medicare or Medicaid programs for the excluded individual’s services and are subject to civil penalties if it does. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of the Inspector General maintains a list of excluded persons. Although we have instituted policies and procedures to minimize such risks, there can be no assurance that we will not inadvertently hire or contract with an excluded person, or that our employees or contracts will not become excluded in the future without our knowledge. If this occurs, we may be subject to substantial repayments and civil penalties which could adversely affect our business, cash flows, and financial condition.

We could incur substantial costs in protecting or defending our intellectual property rights, and any failure to protect our intellectual property could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Our success depends, in part, on our ability to protect our brand and the proprietary methods and our Population Health Management Platform and other technologies that we develop under patent and other intellectual property laws of the United States and foreign jurisdictions so that we can prevent others from using our inventions and proprietary information. The particular forms of intellectual property protection that we seek, or our business decisions about when to file patent applications and trademark applications, may not be adequate to protect our business. We could be required to spend significant resources to monitor and protect our intellectual property rights. Litigation may be necessary in the future to enforce our intellectual property rights, determine the validity and scope of our proprietary rights or those of others, or defend against claims of infringement or invalidity. Such litigation could be costly, time-consuming and distracting to management, result in a diversion of significant resources, lead to the narrowing or invalidation of portions of our intellectual property and have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. Our efforts to enforce our intellectual property rights may be met with defenses, counterclaims and countersuits attacking the validity and enforceability of our intellectual property rights or alleging that we infringe the counterclaimant’s own intellectual property. Any of our patents, patent applications, copyrights, trademarks or other intellectual property rights could be challenged by others or invalidated through administrative process or litigation.

We expect to also rely, in part, on confidentiality agreements with our business partners, employees, consultants, advisors, customers and others in our efforts to protect our proprietary technology, processes and methods. These agreements may not effectively prevent disclosure of our confidential information, and it may be possible for unauthorized parties to copy our software or other proprietary technology or information, or to develop similar software independently without our having an adequate remedy for unauthorized use or disclosure of our confidential information. In addition, others may independently discover our trade secrets and proprietary information, and in these cases, we would not be able to assert any trade secret rights against those parties. Costly and time-consuming litigation could be necessary to enforce and determine the scope of our proprietary rights, and the failure to obtain or maintain trade secret protection could adversely affect our competitive business position.

In addition, the laws of some countries do not protect intellectual property and other proprietary rights to the same extent as the laws of the United States. To the extent we expand our international activities, our exposure to unauthorized copying, transfer and use of our proprietary technology or information may increase.

Our means of protecting our intellectual property and proprietary rights may not be adequate or our competitors could independently develop similar technology. If we fail to meaningfully protect our intellectual property and proprietary rights, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected.

Assertions by third parties of infringement or other violations by us of their intellectual property rights could result in significant costs and harm our business and operating results.

Our success depends upon our ability to refrain from infringing upon the intellectual property rights of others. Some companies, including some of our competitors, own large numbers of patents, copyrights and trademarks, which they may use to assert claims against us. As we grow and enter new markets, we will face a growing number of competitors. As the number of competitors in our industry grows and the functionality of products in different industry segments overlaps, we expect that software and other solutions in our industry may be subject to such claims by third parties. Third parties may in the future assert claims of infringement, misappropriation or other violations of intellectual property rights against us. We cannot assure you that infringement claims will not be asserted against us in the future, or that, if asserted, any infringement claim will be successfully defended. A successful claim against us could require that we pay substantial damages or ongoing royalty payments, prevent us from offering our services, or require that we comply with other unfavorable terms. We may also be obligated to indemnify our customers or business partners or pay substantial settlement costs, including royalty payments, in connection with any such claim or litigation and to obtain licenses, modify applications or refund fees, which could be costly. Even if we were to prevail in such a dispute, any litigation regarding our intellectual property could be costly and time-consuming and divert the attention of our management and key personnel from our business operations.

The information that we expect to provide to our clients could be inaccurate or incomplete, which could harm our business reputation, financial condition, and results of operations.

We expect to aggregate, process, and analyze healthcare-related data and information for use by our clients. Because data in the healthcare industry is fragmented in origin, inconsistent in format, and often incomplete, the overall quality of data received or accessed in the healthcare industry is often poor, the degree or amount of data which is knowingly or unknowingly absent or omitted can be material, and we frequently discover data issues and errors during our data integrity checks. If the analytical data that we expect to provide to our clients are based on incorrect or incomplete data or if we make mistakes in the capture, input, or analysis of these data, our reputation may suffer and our ability to attract and retain clients may be materially harmed.

In addition, we expect to assist our clients with the management and submission of data to governmental entities, including CMS. These processes and submissions are governed by complex data processing and validation policies and regulations. If we fail to abide by such policies or submit incorrect or incomplete data, we may be exposed to liability to a client, court, or government agency that concludes that our storage, handling, submission, delivery, or display of health information or other data was wrongful or erroneous.

Our proprietary applications may not operate properly, which could damage our reputation, give rise to a variety of claims against us, or divert our resources from other purposes, any of which could harm our business and operating results.

Proprietary software and application development is time-consuming, expensive, and complex, and may involve unforeseen difficulties. We may encounter technical obstacles, and it is possible that we discover additional problems that prevent our proprietary applications from operating properly. If our applications and services do not function reliably or fail to achieve client expectations in terms of performance, clients could assert liability claims against us and attempt to cancel their contracts with us. Moreover, material performance problems, defects, or errors in our existing or new applications and services may arise in the future and may result from, among other things, the lack of interoperability of our applications with systems and data that we did not develop and the function of which is outside of our control or undetected in our testing. Defects or errors in our applications might discourage existing or potential clients from purchasing services from us. Correction of defects or errors could prove to be time consuming, costly, impossible, or impracticable. The existence of errors or defects in our applications and the correction of such errors could divert our resources from other matters relating to our business, damage our reputation, increase our costs, and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Risks Related to Our Legal and Regulatory Environment

We conduct business in a heavily regulated industry and if we fail to adhere to all of the complex government laws and regulations that apply to our business, we could incur fines or penalties or be required to make changes to our operations or experience adverse publicity, any or all of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition, cash flows, and reputation.

The U.S. healthcare industry is heavily regulated and closely scrutinized by federal, state and local governments. Comprehensive statutes and regulations govern the manner in which we provide and bill for services and collect reimbursement from governmental programs and private payors, our contractual relationships and arrangements with healthcare providers and vendors, our marketing activities and other aspects of our operations. Of particular importance are:

• the federal Anti-Kickback Statute, or the AKS, which prohibits the knowing and willful offer, payment, solicitation or receipt of any bribe, kickback, rebate or other remuneration for referring an individual, in return for ordering, leasing, purchasing or recommending or arranging for or to induce the referral of an individual or the ordering, purchasing or leasing of items or services covered, in whole or in part, by any federal healthcare program, such as Medicare and Medicaid. Although there are several statutory exceptions and regulatory safe harbors protecting certain common activities from prosecution, the exceptions and safe harbors are drawn narrowly. By way of example, the AKS safe harbor for value-based arrangements requires, among other things, that the arrangement does not induce a person or entity to reduce or limit medically necessary items or services furnished to any patient. Failure to meet the requirements of a safe harbor, however, does not render an arrangement illegal, although such arrangements may be subject to greater scrutiny by government authorities. Further, a person or entity does not need to have actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it to have committed a violation;
• the federal physician self-referral law, or the Stark Law, which, subject to limited exceptions, prohibits physicians from referring Medicare or Medicaid patients to an entity for the provision of certain designated health services, or DHS, if the physician or a member of such physician’s immediate family has a direct or indirect financial relationship (including an ownership interest or a compensation arrangement) with the entity, and prohibits the entity from billing Medicare or Medicaid for such DHS;
• the federal False Claims Act, or the FCA, which imposes civil and criminal liability on individuals or entities that knowingly submit false or fraudulent claims for payment to the government or knowingly make, or cause to be made, a false statement in order to have a false claim paid, including qui tam or whistleblower suits. There are many potential bases for liability under the FCA. The government has used the FCA to prosecute Medicare and other government healthcare program fraud such as coding errors, billing for services not provided, and providing

care that is not medically necessary or that is substandard in quality. In addition, we could be held liable under the FCA if we are deemed to “cause” the submission of false or fraudulent claims by, for example, providing inaccurate billing, coding or risk adjustment information to our physician partners through Provider Portal and Analytic Management Tools, respectively. The government may also assert that a claim including items or services resulting from a violation of the AKS or Stark Law constitutes a false or fraudulent claim for purposes of the FCA;

• the Civil Monetary Penalties Statute, which prohibits, among other things, an individual or entity from offering remuneration to a federal healthcare program beneficiary that the individual or entity knows or should know is likely to influence the beneficiary to order or receive healthcare items or services from a particular provider;
• the criminal healthcare fraud provisions of HIPAA and related rules that prohibit knowingly and willfully executing a scheme or artifice to defraud any healthcare benefit program or falsifying, concealing or covering up a material fact or making any material false, fictitious or fraudulent statement in connection with the delivery of or payment for healthcare benefits, items or services. Similar to the AKS, a person or entity does not need to have actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it to have committed a violation;
• reassignment of payment rules that prohibit certain types of billing and collection practices in connection with claims payable by the Medicare or Medicaid programs;
• similar state law provisions pertaining to anti-kickback, self-referral and false claims issues, some of which may apply to items or services reimbursed by any payor, including patients and commercial insurers;
• laws that regulate debt collection practices;
• a provision of the Social Security Act that imposes criminal penalties on healthcare providers who fail to disclose, or refund known overpayments;
• federal and state laws that prohibit providers from billing and receiving payment from Medicare and Medicaid for services unless the services are medically necessary, adequately and accurately documented, and billed using codes that accurately reflect the type and level of services rendered; and
• federal and state laws pertaining to the provision of services by nurse practitioners and physician assistants in certain settings, physician supervision of those services, and reimbursement requirements that depend on the types of services provided and documented and relationships between physician supervisors and nurse practitioners and physician assistants.

The laws and regulations in these areas are complex, changing and often subject to varying interpretations. As a result, there is no guarantee that a government authority will find that we or our partner physicians or other healthcare professionals are in compliance with all such laws and regulations that apply to our business. Further, because of the breadth of these laws and the narrowness of the statutory exceptions and safe harbors available, it is possible that some of the business activities undertaken by us or our partner physicians or other healthcare professionals could be subject to challenge under one or more of these laws, including, without limitation, our patient assistance programs that waive or reduce the patient’s obligation to pay copayments, coinsurance or deductible amounts owed for the services we provide to them if they meet certain financial need criteria. If our operations are found to be in violation of any of such laws or any other governmental regulations that apply, we may be subject to significant penalties, including, without limitation, administrative, civil and criminal penalties, damages, fines, disgorgement, the curtailment or restructuring of operations, integrity oversight and reporting obligations, exclusion from participation in federal and state healthcare programs and imprisonment. In addition, any action against us or our partner physicians or other physician partners for violation of these laws or regulations, even if we successfully defend against it, could cause us to incur significant legal expenses, divert our management’s attention from the operation of our business and result in adverse publicity, or otherwise experience a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations, financial condition, cash flows, reputation as a result.

If any of our hospitals lose their regulatory licenses, permits and/or registrations, as applicable, or become ineligible to receive reimbursement from third-party payors, there may be a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows, or results of operations.

The operations of our hospitals through partner physicians and other healthcare professionals are subject to extensive federal, state and local regulation relating to, among other things, the adequacy of medical care, equipment, personnel, operating policies and procedures and proof of financial ability to operate. Our hospitals and partner physicians and other healthcare professionals are also subject to extensive laws and regulation relating to facility and professional licensure, conduct of operations, including financial relationships among healthcare providers, Medicare, Medicaid and state fraud and abuse and physician self-referrals, and maintaining updates to our and our partner physicians’ and other healthcare professionals’ enrollment in the Medicare and Medicaid programs, including addition of new hospital locations, providers and other enrollment information. Our hospitals are subject to periodic inspection by licensing authorities to assure their continued compliance with these various standards. There can be no assurance that these regulatory authorities will determine that all applicable requirements are fully met at any given time. Should any of our hospitals be found to be noncompliant with these requirements, we could be assessed fines and penalties, could be required to refund reimbursement amounts or could lose our licensure or Medicare and/or Medicaid certification so that we or our partner physicians and other healthcare professionals are unable to receive reimbursement from such programs and possibly from other third-party payors, any of which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations.

If our arrangements with our partner physicians and other physician partners are found to constitute the improper rendering of medical services or fee splitting under applicable state laws, our business, financial condition and our ability to operate in those states could be adversely impacted.

Our contractual relationships with our partner physicians may implicate certain state laws that generally prohibit non-professional entities from providing licensed medical services or exercising control over licensed physicians or other healthcare professionals (such activities generally referred to as the “corporate practice of medicine”) or engaging in certain practices such as fee-splitting with such licensed professionals. The interpretation and enforcement of these laws vary significantly from state to state. There can be no assurance that these laws will be interpreted in a manner consistent with our practices or that other laws or regulations will not be enacted in the future that could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Regulatory authorities, state boards of medicine, state attorneys general and other parties may assert that, despite the agreements through which we operate, we are engaged in the provision of medical services and/or that our arrangements with our physician partners constitute unlawful fee-splitting. If a jurisdiction’s prohibition on the corporate practice of medicine or fee-splitting is interpreted in a manner that is inconsistent with our practices, we would be required to restructure or terminate our arrangements with our physician partners to bring our activities into compliance with such laws. A determination of non-compliance, or the termination of or failure to successfully restructure these relationships could result in disciplinary action, penalties, damages, fines, and/or a loss of revenue, any of which could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. State corporate practice and fee-splitting prohibitions also often impose penalties on healthcare professionals for aiding in the improper rendering of professional services, which could discourage physicians and other healthcare professionals from providing clinical services to our hospitals.

We face inspections, reviews, audits and investigations under federal and state government programs and contracts. These audits could have adverse findings that may negatively affect our business, including our results of operations, liquidity, financial condition and reputation.

As a result of our participation in the Medicare and Medicaid programs, we are subject to various governmental inspections, reviews, audits and investigations to verify our compliance with these programs and applicable laws and regulations. Other third-party payors may also reserve the right to conduct audits. We also periodically conduct internal audits and reviews of our regulatory compliance. An adverse inspection, review, audit or investigation could result in:

• refunding amounts we have been paid pursuant to the Medicare or Medicaid programs or from payors;
• state or federal agencies imposing fines, penalties and other sanctions on us;
• temporary suspension of payment for new patients to the facility or agency;
• decertification or exclusion from participation in the Medicare or Medicaid programs or one or more payor networks;
• self-disclosure of violations to applicable regulatory authorities;
• damage to our reputation;
• the revocation of a facility’s or agency’s license;
• criminal penalties;
• a corporate integrity agreement with HHS’ Office of Inspector General; and
• loss of certain rights under, or termination of, our contracts with payors.

If adverse inspections, reviews, audits or investigations occur and any of the results noted above occur, it could have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results. Furthermore, the legal, document production and other costs associated with complying with these inspections, reviews, audits or investigations could be significant.

Recent healthcare regulations, and other changes in the healthcare industry and in healthcare spending may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The impact on us of healthcare reform legislation and other changes in the healthcare industry and in healthcare spending is uncertain, but may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our revenue is dependent on the healthcare industry and could be affected by changes in healthcare spending, reimbursement and policy. The healthcare industry is subject to changing political, regulatory and other influences. Additionally, the potential impact of new policies that may be implemented as a result of the new administration is currently uncertain.

On January 1, 2022, the NSA became effective. As a result, we experienced a significant decline in collections of patient claims for emergency services. There are numerous continuing legal challenges to the federal regulations promulgated under the NSA, in particular those mandating the methodology of calculating the qualifying payment amount and implementing the independent dispute resolution process, creating significant uncertainty in the claims recovery process. Any sustained decline in the collections we receive for our emergency services could have a material adverse effect on our operations and financial performance and may negatively affect the trading value of our Common Stock.

Risks Related to Our Common Stock

Anti-takeover provisions under Delaware law could make an acquisition of the Company, which may be beneficial to the stockholders of the Company, more difficult and may prevent attempts by the stockholders to replace or remove management.

We are subject to the anti-takeover provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law (“DGCL”), including Section 203. Under these provisions, if anyone becomes an “interested stockholder,” the Company may not enter into a “business combination” with that person for three years without special approval, which could discourage a third party from making a takeover offer and could delay or prevent a change of control. For purposes of Section 203 of the DGCL, “interested stockholder” means, generally, someone owning 15% or more of the Company’s outstanding voting stock or an affiliate of the Company that owned 15% or more of the Company’s outstanding voting stock during the past three years, subject to certain exceptions as described in Section 203 of the DGCL. As such, Section 203 of the DGCL could prohibit or delay mergers or a change in control and may discourage attempts by other companies to acquire the Company.

Additionally, certain provisions in our Charter, such as advance notice provisions for matters to be included in the proxy statement for annual meetings, could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire control of us, even if such change in control would be beneficial to our stockholders.

General Risk Factors

Because we have no current plans to pay cash dividends on our Common Stock for the foreseeable future, you may not receive any return on investment unless you sell your Common Stock for a price in excess of the purchase price.

We may retain future earnings, if any, for future operations, expansion and debt repayment and have no current plans to pay any cash dividends for the foreseeable future. Any decision to declare and pay dividends will be made at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on, among other things, our results of operations, financial condition, cash requirements, contractual restrictions and other factors that our board of directors may deem relevant. In addition, our ability to declare dividends may be limited by restrictive covenants contained in any existing or future indebtedness. As a result, you may not receive any return on an investment in our Common Stock unless you sell your Common Stock for a price greater than that which you paid for it.

The market price and trading volume of our Common Stock may be volatile and could decline significantly.

Securities markets worldwide experience significant price and volume fluctuations. This market volatility, as well as general economic, market, or political conditions, could reduce the market price of our Common Stock in spite of our operating performance, which may limit or prevent investors from readily selling their Common Stock and may otherwise negatively affect the liquidity of the Common Stock. There can be no assurance that the market price of Common Stock will not fluctuate widely or decline significantly in the future in response to a number of factors, including, among others, the following:

• actual or anticipated fluctuations in our quarterly financial results or the quarterly financial results of companies perceived to be similar to us;
• changes in the market’s expectations about our operating results;
• success of competitors;
• our operating results failing to meet the expectation of securities analysts or investors in a particular period;
• changes in financial estimates and recommendations by securities analysts concerning us or the health population management industry in general;
• operating and stock price performance of other companies that investors deem comparable to us;
• our ability to market new and enhanced products on a timely basis;
• changes in laws and regulations affecting our business;
• our ability to meet compliance requirements;
• commencement of, or involvement in, litigation involving us;
• changes in our capital structure, such as future issuances of securities or the incurrence of additional debt;
• the volume of shares of our Common Stock available for public sale;
• any major change in our board of directors or management;
• sales of substantial amounts of Common Stock by our directors, executive officers or significant stockholders or the perception that such sales could occur; and
• general economic and political conditions such as recessions, interest rates, fuel prices, international currency fluctuations and acts of war or terrorism.

The stock market in general, and Nasdaq in particular, have experienced price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of the particular companies affected. The trading prices and valuations of these stocks, and of our securities, may not be predictable. A loss of investor confidence in the market for retail stocks or the stocks of other companies which investors perceive to be similar to us could depress our stock price regardless of our business, prospects, financial condition or results of operations. A decline in the market price of our securities also could adversely affect our ability to issue additional securities and our ability to obtain additional financing in the future.

If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, the price and trading volume of our securities could decline.

The trading market for our securities depends in part on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us or our business. We will not control these analysts, and the analysts who publish information about us may have relatively little experience with us or our industry, which could affect their ability to accurately forecast our results and could make it more likely that we fail to meet their estimates. If few or no securities or industry analysts cover us, the trading price for our securities would be negatively impacted. If one or more of the analysts who covers us downgrades our securities, publishes incorrect or unfavorable research about us, ceases coverage of us, or fails to publish reports on us regularly, demand for and visibility of our securities could decrease, which could cause the price or trading volumes of our securities to decline.

We will continue to incur significantly increased costs and devote substantial management time as a result of operating as a public company.

As a public company, we incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses. For example, we are subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act and are required to comply with the applicable requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, as well as rules and regulations of the SEC and Nasdaq, including the establishment and maintenance of effective disclosure and financial controls, corporate governance requirements and required filings of annual, quarterly and current reports with respect to our business and results of operations. Any failure to develop or maintain effective controls or any difficulties encountered in their implementation or improvement could harm our results of operations or cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations. In particular, we incur significant expenses and devote substantial management effort toward ensuring compliance with the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. We are in the process of hiring additional personnel and may in future need to hire additional accounting and financial staff with appropriate public company experience and technical accounting knowledge and may need to establish an internal audit function.

We are obligated to develop and maintain proper and effective internal control over financial reporting in order to comply with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. We may not complete our analysis of our internal control over financial reporting in a timely manner, or these internal controls may not be determined to be effective, which may adversely affect investor confidence in us and, as a result, adversely affect the value of our Common Stock.

We are required by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act to furnish a report by management on, among other things, the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting in our annual report. The process of designing and implementing internal control over financial reporting required to comply with this requirement will be time-consuming, costly and complicated. If during the evaluation and testing process we identify one or more other material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting or determine that existing material weaknesses have not been remediated, our management will be unable to assert that our internal control over financial reporting is effective. See “—We have identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting. If our internal control over financial reporting is not effective, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results or file our periodic reports in a timely manner, which may cause adverse effects on our business and may cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information and may lead to a decline in the price of our Common Stock.” In addition, if we fail to achieve and maintain the adequacy of our internal controls, as such standards are modified, supplemented or amended from time to time, we may not be able to ensure that we can conclude on an ongoing basis that we have effective internal controls over financial reporting in accordance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.

Even if our management concludes that our internal control over financial reporting is effective, our independent registered public accounting firm may issue a report that is qualified if it is not satisfied with our controls or the level at which our controls are documented, designed, operated or reviewed.

We cannot be certain as to the timing of completion of our evaluation, testing and any remediation actions or the impact of the same on our operations. If we are not able to implement the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act in a timely manner or with adequate compliance, our independent registered public accounting firm may issue an adverse opinion due to ineffective internal controls over financial reporting, and we may be subject to sanctions or investigation by regulatory authorities, such as the SEC. As a result, there could be a negative reaction in the financial markets due to a loss of confidence in the reliability of our financial statements. In addition, we may be required to incur costs in improving our internal control system and the hiring of additional personnel. Any such action could negatively affect our results of operations and cash flows.

Nutex manages cybersecurity and data protection through a continuously evolving framework. The framework allows us to identify, assess and mitigate the risks we face, and assists us in establishing policies and safeguards to protect our systems and the information of those we serve.

Our cybersecurity program is managed by our Director of Information Technology and Chief Operating Officer. The Audit Committee of the Board of Directors has oversight of our cybersecurity program and is responsible for reviewing and assessing the Company’s cybersecurity and data protection policies, procedures and resource commitment, including key risk areas and mitigation strategies. As part of this process, the Audit Committee receives regular updates from the Director of Information Technology and Chief Operating Officer on critical issues related to our information security risks, cybersecurity strategy, supplier risk and business continuity capabilities.

The Company’s framework includes an incident management and response program that continuously monitors the Company’s information systems for vulnerabilities, threats and incidents; manages and takes action to contain incidents that occur; remediates vulnerabilities; and communicates the details of threats and incidents to management, including the Director of Information Technology and Chief Operating Officer, as deemed necessary or appropriate. Pursuant to the Company’s incident response plan, incidents are reported to the Audit Committee, appropriate government agencies and other authorities, as deemed necessary or appropriate, considering the actual or potential impact, significance and scope.

We work to require our third-party partners and contractors to handle data in accordance with our data privacy and information security requirements and applicable laws. We regularly engage with our suppliers, partners, contractors, service providers and internal development teams to identify and remediate vulnerabilities in a timely manner and monitor system upgrades to mitigate future risk, and ensure they employ appropriate and effective controls and continuity plans for their systems and operations.

To ensure that our program is designed and operating effectively, our infrastructure and information systems are audited periodically by internal and external auditors. We will perform regular vulnerability assessments and penetration tests to improve system security and address emerging security threats. Our internal audit team independently assesses security controls against our enterprise policies to evaluate compliance and leverages a combination of auditing and security frameworks to evaluate how leading practices are applied throughout our enterprise. Audit results and remediation progress are reported to and monitored by senior management and the Audit Committee. We also periodically partner with industry-leading cybersecurity firms to assess our cybersecurity program. These assessments complement our other assessment work by evaluating our cybersecurity program as a whole.

We complete an enterprise information risk assessment as part of our overall enterprise information security risk management assessment, which is overseen by our Director of Information Technology and Chief Operating Officer. This risk assessment is a review of internal and external threats that evaluates changes to the information risk landscape to inform the investments and program enhancements to be made in the future to rapidly respond and recover from potential attacks, including rebuild and recovery protocols for key systems. We evaluate our enterprise information security risk to ensure we address any unexpected or unforeseen changes in the risk environment or our systems and the resulting impacts are communicated to the Company’s overall enterprise risk management program.

We believe our Director of Information Technology and Chief Operating Officer have the appropriate knowledge and expertise to effectively manage our cybersecurity program. The Director of Information Technology has more than 25 years of information technology experience across the healthcare industry before joining Nutex Health. The Chief Operating Officer has more than 20 years of in-depth knowledge of our business operations that helps integrate the cybersecurity program into the overall business operations.

As of December 31, 2024, the Company has not identified any risks from cybersecurity threats that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect the Company, including our business strategy, results of operations or financial condition, but there can be no assurance that any such risk will not materially affect the Company in the future. For further information about the cybersecurity risks we face, and potential impacts, see Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors.”

Our principal executive office is located at 6030 S. Rice Ave, Suite C, Houston, Texas 77081. We also maintain corporate offices located at 2455 East Sunrise Blvd. Suite 1204 Fort Lauderdale FL, 33304. Each of these locations is leased. As of December 31, 2024, our hospital division operated 24 micro-hospitals, specialty hospitals and HOPDs in 11 states in the U.S. We lease each of these locations. Our population health management division manages three IPAs and two MSOs which operate from leased locations in two states. We believe that our current facilities are in good condition and adequate to meet our operating needs for the present and immediately foreseeable future.

Securities Class Action

On August 22, 2025, a putative securities class action complaint was filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas in Harris County, captioned Anjana Bhagavan v. Nutex Health Inc., Case No. 4:25-cv-03999. The complaint names Nutex Health Inc. (the “Company”), our Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer, our Chief Financial Officer, and our President and Director as defendants and asserts claims under Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder. The allegations in the complaint generally track those contained in a recent short-seller report. The plaintiff seeks unspecified damages. The Company disputes the allegations and intends to vigorously defend the lawsuit. The Company has not yet responded to the complaint. The court has not yet issued a scheduling order or set the case for trial. No discovery has occurred. The Company is unable to predict the outcome of the litigation or estimate the potential financial impact, but an adverse ruling could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.

Derivative Action

On September 8, 2025, a purported stockholder filed a derivative action on behalf of Nutex Health Inc. in the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas, captioned Juan Camilo Jimenez, derivatively on behalf of Nutex Health Inc., Case No. 4:25-cv-04253, naming as defendants the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, its Chief Financial Officer and its President, along with the current members of its Board of Directors (other than Frank E. Jaumot) and a director who recently retired from the Board of Directors, alleging, among other things, violations of Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act, breaches of fiduciary duties, unjust enrichment, abuse of control, gross mismanagement, and waste of corporate assets. In addition, on September 11, 2025, a second purported stockholder filed a derivative action on behalf of Nutex Health Inc. in the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas, captioned Michael Minckler, derivatively on behalf of Nutex Health Inc., nominal defendant v. Thomas T. Vo, et al; Case no. 4:25-cv-4330 containing nearly identical allegations. The derivative actions arise from the same operative facts as alleged in the securities class action, and they seek orders permitting the plaintiff to maintain the action derivatively on behalf of the Company, awarding unspecified damages allegedly sustained by the Company, awarding restitution from the individual defendants and requiring the Company to make certain reforms to its corporate governance and internal procedures.

The Company has stipulated to the consolidation of the two derivative actions but has not yet responded to the complaints. The court has not yet issued a scheduling order or set either case for trial. No discovery has occurred. The Company is unable to predict the outcome of the litigation or estimate the potential financial impact, if any.

The following discussion is intended to assist you in understanding our results of operations and our present financial condition and contains forward-looking statements that reflect our future plans, estimates, beliefs and expected performance. The forward-looking statements are dependent upon events, risks and uncertainties that may be outside our control. We caution you that our actual results could differ materially from those discussed in these forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences are discussed elsewhere in this Annual Report, particularly in the “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and “Risk Factors,” all of which are difficult to predict. In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the forward-looking events discussed may not occur. We do not undertake any obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements except as otherwise required by applicable law.

Explanatory Note

On April 1, 2022, Nutex Health Holdco LLC merged with Clinigence Holdings, Inc., a publicly traded Delaware corporation, which was renamed Nutex Health Inc. after the merger. Immediately prior to the merger, holders of 84% of the aggregate equity interests in subsidiaries and affiliates of Nutex Health Holdco LLC contributed these ownership interests to Nutex Health Holdco LLC in exchange for Nutex Health Holdco LLC equity interests. Immediately thereafter, in the merger, each unit representing an equity interest in Nutex Health Holdco LLC was converted into the right to receive shares of common stock of Clinigence Holdings, Inc. (n/k/a Nutex Health, Inc.).

The Merger was accounted for as a reverse business combination under U.S. GAAP. Therefore, Nutex Health Holdco LLC was treated as the accounting acquirer in the merger. Beginning with the second quarter of 2022, our financial statements are presented on a consolidated basis and include Clinigence.

Except where the context indicates otherwise, (i) references to “we,” “us,” “our,” or the “Company” refer, for periods prior to the completion of the merger, to Nutex Health Holdco LLC and its subsidiaries, (ii) references the “Nutex Health” for periods following the completion of the merger, refer to Nutex Health Inc. and its subsidiaries and (ii) references to “Clinigence” refer to Clinigence Holdings, Inc. and its subsidiaries prior to the completion of the merger.

Overview

Nutex Health Inc. is a physician-led, healthcare services and operations company with 24 hospital facilities in 11 states (hospital division), and a primary care-centric, risk-bearing population health management division. Our hospital division implements and operates innovative health care models, including micro-hospitals, specialty hospitals and hospital outpatient departments (“HOPDs”). The population health management division owns and operates provider networks such as independent physician associations (“IPAs”) and offers a cloud-based proprietary technology platform to IPAs which aggregates clinical and claims data across multiple settings, information systems and sources to create a holistic view of patients and providers.

At December 31, 2024, we employed approximately 800 full-time employees, contracted 255 doctors at our facilities and partnered with over 2,100 physicians within our networks. Our corporate headquarters is based in Houston, Texas. We were incorporated on April 13, 2000 in the state of Delaware.

Our financial statements present the Company’s consolidated financial condition and results of operations including those of majority-owned subsidiaries and variable interest entities (“VIEs”) for which we are the primary beneficiary.

The hospital division includes our healthcare billing and collections organization and hospital entities. In addition, we have financial and operating relationships with multiple professional entities (the “Physician LLCs”) and real estate entities (the “Real Estate Entities”). The Physician LLCs employ the doctors who work in our hospitals. These entities are consolidated by the Company as VIEs because they do not have significant equity at risk, and we have historically provided support to the Physician LLCs in the event of cash shortages and received the benefit of their cash surpluses.

The Real Estate Entities own the land and hospital buildings which are leased to our hospital entities. The Real Estate Entities have mortgage loans payable to third parties which are collateralized by the land and buildings. We consolidate the Real Estate Entities as VIEs in instances where our hospital entities are guarantors or co-borrowers under their outstanding mortgage loans. Since the second quarter of 2022, we deconsolidated 18 Real Estate Entities after the third-party lenders released our guarantees of associated mortgage loans, leaving two Real Estate Entities as current VIEs consolidated in our financial statements.

The Company has no direct or indirect ownership interest in the Physician LLCs or Real Estate Entities, so 100% of the equity for these entities is shown as noncontrolling interest in the consolidated balance sheets and statements of operations.

The population health management division includes our management services organizations. In addition, AHISP, IPA, a physician-affiliated entity that is not owned by us—is consolidated as a VIE of our wholly-owned subsidiary AHP since we are the primary beneficiary of their operations under AHP’s management services contracts with them.

Sources of revenue. Our hospital division recognizes net patient service revenue for contracts with patients and in most cases a third-party payor (commercial insurance, workers compensation insurance or, in limited cases, Medicare/Medicaid).

We receive payment for facility services rendered by us from federal agencies, private insurance carriers, and patients. The Physician LLCs receive payment for doctor services from these same sources. On average, greater than 90% of our net patient service revenue is paid by insurers, federal agencies, and other non-patient third parties. The remaining revenues are paid by our patients in the form of copays, deductibles, and self-payment. We generally operate as an out-of-network provider and, as such, do not have negotiated reimbursement rates with insurance companies.

The following tables present the allocation of the transaction price with the patient between the primary patient classification of insurance coverage:

The population health management division recognizes revenue for capitation and management fees for services to IPAs. Capitation revenue consists primarily of capitated fees for medical services provided by physician-owned entities we consolidate as VIEs. Capitated arrangements are made directly with various managed care providers including HMOs. Capitation revenues are typically prepaid monthly to us based on the number of enrollees selecting us as their healthcare provider. Capitation is a fixed payment amount per patient per unit of time paid in advance for the delivery of health care services, whereby the service providers are generally liable for excess medical costs. We receive management fees that are based on gross capitation revenues of the IPAs or physician groups we manage.

Our growth strategy. We plan to expand our operations by expanding our clinical services at our existing facilities, by entering new market areas either through development of new hospitals, formation of new IPAs or by making acquisitions. We expect to open three new hospital facilities by the end of the year 2025. These facilities are either under construction or in advanced planning stages. We anticipate launching one-to-three additional IPAs per year, principally in geographic areas around our existing micro-hospitals.

Restatement of Previously Issued Consolidated Financial Statements

As previously disclosed in the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 21, 2025, our Audit Committee of the Board of Directors, after consultation with the Chief Financial Officer, concluded that our Previously Issued Financial Statements included in the Original Form 10-K should be restated to reclassify non-cash stock-based compensation obligations related to under-construction and ramping hospitals as liabilities rather than equity. In addition, we identified certain immaterial adjustments to be made including to related-party accounts payable amounts that were intended to be contribution amounts per certain Contribution Agreements with former owners of hospitals who transferred their interests to Nutex Health Holdco LLC effective April 1, 2022, a $2.9 million adjustment to reclassify restricted balances out of cash and cash equivalents and into restricted short-term investments, an adjustment to accrued income tax expense, a change in presentation of the effective tax rate reconciliation to separately present disaggregate other items, and the deferred tax components for the right-of-use assets and liabilities in the income taxes footnote table are now presented on a gross basis. Further, the Company recorded an immaterial adjustment in the footnote on variable interest entities (Note 19) related to disclosure of consolidated balances. The discussion of financial results presented herein is reflective of the Restatement Adjustments.

Industry Trends

The demand for healthcare services continues to be impacted by the following trends:

• Regulatory uncertainty;
• A growing focus on healthcare spending by consumers, employers and insurers, who are actively seeking lower-cost care solutions;
• A shift in patient volumes from inpatient to outpatient settings due to technological advancements and demand for care that is more convenient, affordable and accessible;
• The growing aged population, which requires greater chronic disease management and higher-acuity treatment; and
• Ongoing consolidation of providers and insurers across the healthcare industry.

The healthcare industry, particularly emergency care hospitals, continues to be subject to ongoing regulatory uncertainty. Changes in federal or state healthcare laws, regulations, funding policies or reimbursement practices, especially those involving reductions to government payment rates or limitations on what providers may charge, could significantly impact future revenue and operations. For example, the No Surprises Act prohibits providers from charging patients an amount beyond the in-network cost sharing amount for services rendered by out-of-network providers, subject to limited exceptions. For services for which balance billing is prohibited, the No Surprises Act includes provisions that may limit the amounts received by out-of-network providers from health plans. Any reduction in the rates that we can charge or amounts we can receive for our services will reduce our total revenue and our operating margins.

Results of Operations

We report the results of our operations as three segments in our consolidated financial statements: (i) the hospital division, (ii) the population health management division and, (iii) the real estate division. Activity within our business segments is significantly impacted by the demand for healthcare services we provide, competition for these services in each of the market areas we serve, and the legislative changes discussed above.

Following is our results of operations for the periods shown:

Year Ended December 31, 2024 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2023

We reported a net income attributable to Nutex Health Inc. of $52.1 million, or earnings of $9.69 per share, for 2024 as compared with a net loss attributable to Nutex Health Inc. of $45.8 million, or a loss of $10.39 per share, for 2023. Our 2024 results were principally affected by:

• Revenue growth of approximately $169.7 million was primarily driven by successful participation in arbitration through the Independent Dispute Resolution ("IDR") process under the No Surprises Act ("NSA").
• Increased revenue was also attributed to higher utilization of more complex clinical services, including increased observation and in-patient stays.
• Patient visits rose by 16.9% for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to the same period in 2023. Mature hospitals experienced an average visit growth of 6.5% year-over-year, alongside the impact of four new hospital openings in 2024.
• Our operating expenses increased primarily due the revenue generated from the IDR process in addition to the opening of new facilities and volume growth.

Adjusted EBITDA for 2024 was $124.1 million as compared to $10.8 million for 2023. Refer to Non-GAAP Financial Measures discussed below for a definition and reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA.

A discussion of our segment results is included below.

Hospital Division. Our revenue for 2024 totaled $449.1 million as compared to $218.1 million for 2023, an increase of 106% caused by successful participation in arbitration through the IDR process under the NSA and by an increase in the number of patient visits associated with higher utilization of premium services. The following table shows the number of patient visits during the periods:

Total revenue increased $231.0 million in 2024 from 2023 primarily due to successful participation in arbitration through the IDR process, contributing $169.7 million to the increase, and by an increase in the number of patient visits and the number of visits associated with higher utilization of more complex clinical services.

On July 1, 2024, we engaged with a third-party IDR vendor to further support our out of network claims appeals and determine which claims would be beneficial to arbitrate. The IDR process can take up to three to five months to receive payments relative to the start of a claim’s open negotiation process. In order to facilitate the dispute arbitration process, the Company incurred fees to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (“CMS”), the organizations that arbitrate the payment amount between the plan and providers (“IDRE”), and commission and fees to the third-party IDR vendor. Total accrued arbitration expenses are $47.7 million as of December 31, 2024.

For these reasons, we refined our estimates of variable consideration and revenue recognition timing, particularly to claims subject to arbitration. Our methodology now incorporates historical arbitration outcomes, payor behavior, and expected resolution timing in determining the expected transaction price for applicable claims. The result of this change in estimate increased our estimate of the ultimate amounts of accounts receivable we will collect for the current and prior periods. This change in estimate increased revenue and net income before tax for the year ended December 31, 2024 by approximately $169.7 million and $112.0 million, respectively.

The hospital division’s operating income was $195.5 million during 2024, up 438.1% as compared to $36.3 million in the same period of 2023. Our operating income for 2024 was positively affected by an increase in net revenue as noted above. Our contract services expense increased $57.6 million due to the cost associated with the IDR process. Our payroll expense increased due to the opening of four facilities in 2024 as well as due to the accrual of bonus payable in 2025. Our operating income was adversely impacted by $8.4 million from the opening of four new hospital locations in 2024. Start-up and operating expenses at new facilities often exceed our revenue at these facilities until they achieve stabilized volumes of patient visits.

Population Health Management Division. We completed our reverse business combination with Clinigence in April 2022. Legacy Clinigence’s operations are reported as the population health management division. Our total revenue for 2024 for this division was $30.9 million consisting of capitation revenue of $27.8 million, management fees of $2.1 million and SaaS revenue of $1 million. The increase in revenue is attributed to increases in capitation revenue in 2024. Capitation revenue is recognized by our consolidated VIE, AHISP. We do not have an equity interest in this VIE but consolidate it since we are the primary beneficiary of its operations under our management services contract with them. We also earn management fees under our management services contracts with other IPAs and MSOs which are reported as revenue.

The population health management division had $1.4 million of operating income for 2024 driven by our divestiture of Procare and Clinigence Health Inc. entities. These two entities were negatively impacting the population health management division’s operating performance. This strategic move contributed to improved gross margins from 2024 onward, reinforcing the organization's long-term profitability.

Real Estate Division. This division reports on the operations of consolidated Real Estate Entities where we provide guarantees of their indebtedness or are co-borrowers. During the second quarter of 2022, we deconsolidated 17 Real Estate Entities after the third-party lenders released our guarantees of associated mortgage loans. During 2023, we deconsolidated one Real Estate Entity after the third-party lenders released our guarantees of associated mortgage loans. As of December 31, 2024, we provided guarantees to the indebtedness of two Real Estate Entities.

Revenue and operating expenses of consolidated Real Estate Entities are not significant since the extent of these entities’ operations is to own facilities leased to our hospital division entities which are financed by a combination of contributed equity by related parties and third-party mortgage indebtedness. Such leases are typically on a triple net basis where our hospital division is responsible for all operating costs, repairs and taxes on the facilities. Finance lease income is recognized outside of segment operating income as other income by the Real Estate Entities. However, these amounts are largely eliminated in the consolidation of these entities into our financial statements.

Corporate and other costs. Corporate and other costs in 2024 included general and administrative expenses totaling $41.9 million, impairment losses of assets and goodwill of $7.1 million due to facility closures and stock-based compensation of $16.6 million. Our corporate costs for 2023 included general and administrative costs of $33.2 million, a non-cash impairment charge of $30.2 million and stock-based compensation of $2.8 million. General and administrative costs increased $8.6 million attributed to increases in accrued bonus expense ($2.7 million), professional services ($2.3 million), insurance expense ($2.3 million) and in other ($1.3 million).

As a public company, we must comply with new laws, regulations and requirements, certain corporate governance provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, related regulations of the SEC and the continued listing requirements of the NASDAQ, with which we were not required to comply with as a private company. We incur additional annual expenses related to these matters and, among other things, additional directors’ and officers’ liability insurance, director fees, reporting requirements of the SEC, transfer agent fees, hiring additional accounting, legal and administrative personnel, increased auditing and legal fees and similar expenses.

Nonoperating items

Interest expense. Interest expense totaled $19.9 million in 2024 as compared with $16.3 million for 2023. The increase in interest expense is primarily due to leases entered into in 2024 for the opening of four facilities throughout the year.

Income tax expense. In periods before our merger with Clinigence, Nutex Health Holdco LLC and the Nutex Subsidiaries were pass-through entities treated as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes. No provision for federal income taxes was provided for these periods as federal taxes were obligations of these companies’ members. After the merger, Nutex Health Holdco LLC became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Clinigence and is included in its consolidated corporate tax filings. We recognized a non-cash charge of $21.3 million to income tax expense during 2022 for the change in tax status of Nutex Health Holdco LLC. This charge provides for the accumulated net deferred tax liabilities representing the differences between the book and tax bases of Nutex Health Holdco LLC’s assets and liabilities as of the April 1, 2022 change in tax status.

At the time of our merger with Clinigence, Clinigence had a full valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets. For the year ended December 31, 2022 we recorded a non-cash benefit of $2.4 million to income tax expense to remove the acquired valuation allowance after we concluded that the associated deferred tax assets would be realizable.

As of December 31, 2023, a valuation allowance was established against the net deferred tax asset because the Company determined it was more likely than not that future earnings would not be sufficient to realize the corresponding tax benefits. In determining the appropriate valuation allowance, the Company considered the projected realization of tax benefits based on expected levels of future taxable income, available tax planning strategies and reversals of existing taxable temporary differences.

As of December 31, 2024, we recorded a non-cash benefit of $6.5 million to income tax expense to remove the majority of the valuation allowance after we concluded that the associated deferred tax assets would be realizable. In determining the appropriate valuation allowance, the Company considered its net cumulative earnings (adjusted for permanent items) for the last three years, along with the change to its business related to the higher revenue estimates without impacting its existing cost structure. $1.0 million valuation allowance remains to offset the deferred tax asset related to capital loss carryforwards that the company does not expect to realize.

Each of the discrete items above, as well as the non-deductible goodwill impairment expense recognized in 2024, 2023 and 2022, are one-time, non-cash items.

Year Ended December 31, 2023 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2022

We reported a net loss attributable to Nutex Health Inc. of $45.8 million, or a loss of $10.39 per share, for 2023 as compared with a net loss attributable to Nutex Health Inc. of $424.8 million, or a loss of $100.36 per share, for 2022. Our 2023 results were principally affected by:

• A non-cash asset impairment charge of $29.1 million and a non-cash goodwill impairment charge of $1.1 million due to the closures of two facilities in January 2023 and two facilities in January 2024;
• Increase in revenue primarily related to increased collections and improved acuity;
• Issuance in March 2023 of 1,000,000 common shares for total expense of $1.9 million to Apollo Medical Holdings, Inc. for IPA managerial services;
• Higher interest expense in 2023 principally as a result of the Yorkville Pre-paid Advance issuance;
• Higher overall costs in general and administrative costs due primarily to increased corporate staffing and support to meet the Company’s public company obligations.

Adjusted EBITDA for 2023 was $10.8 million as compared to $12.5 million for 2022. Refer to Non-GAAP Financial Measures discussed below for a definition and reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA. The items affecting revenue and start-up costs of four new hospitals in 2023 contributed significantly to the decline in Adjusted EBITDA in the 2023 period.

A discussion of our segment results is included below.

Hospital Division. Our revenue for 2023 totaled $218.1 million as compared to $198.5 million for 2022, an increase of 10% caused by an increase in collection amounts, offset by a decrease in the number of patient visits. The following table shows the number of patient visits during the periods:

Total revenue increased $19.6 million in 2023 from 2022 primarily due to increase in improved collections and higher patient acuity, offset by a 11% drop in COVID related visits.

In 2022, the average payment by insurers for patient claims for emergency services declined by approximately 30% compared to prior periods principally because of the NSA compared to prior periods.

The hospital division’s operating income was $36.3 million during 2023, up 142% as compared $15.0 million in the same period of 2022. Our operating income for 2023 was positively affected by an increase in net revenue. We have made significant progress with the IDR process for both the NSA (Federal) as well as the Texas Department of Insurance, resulting in higher average payments in 2023 as compared to 2022. Our operating income was adversely impacted by $1.4 million due to the opening of four new locations in 2023. Start-up and operating expenses at new facilities often exceed our revenue at these facilities until they achieve stabilized volumes of patient visits.

Population Health Management Division. We completed our reverse business combination with Clinigence in April 2022. Legacy Clinigence’s operations are reported as the population health management division. Our total revenue for 2023 for this division was $29.6 million consisting of capitation revenue of $25.4 million, management fees of $2.9 million and SaaS revenue of $1.3 million. The increase in revenue is attributed to three quarters of revenues being reported in 2022 due to the reverse merger versus a full year of revenues in 2023, contributing $7.0 million of the increase. The remaining increase is attributed to increases in capitation revenue in 2023. Capitation revenue is recognized by our consolidated VIE, AHISP. We do not have an equity interest in this VIE but consolidate it since we are the primary beneficiary of its operations under our management services contract with them. We also earn management fees under our management services contracts with other IPAs and MSOs which are reported as revenue.

The population health management division had $1.6 million of operating loss for 2023 driven by losses in our MSOs and technology platform. Strategically, we are focused on the growth of this division principally through the addition of new independent physician associations and have staffed our organization to manage larger numbers of such organizations. In August 2023, we completed the acquisition of two IPAs in Florida.

Real Estate Division. This division reports the operations of consolidated Real Estate Entities where we provide guarantees of their indebtedness or are co-borrowers. During the second quarter of 2022, we deconsolidated 17 Real Estate Entities after the third-party lenders released our guarantees of associated mortgage loans. During 2023, we deconsolidated one Real Estate Entity after the third-party lenders released our guarantees of associated mortgage loans.

Revenue and operating expenses of consolidated Real Estate Entities are not significant since the extent of these entities’ operations is to own facilities leased to our hospital division entities which are financed by a combination of contributed equity by related parties and third-party mortgage indebtedness. Such leases are typically on a triple net basis where our hospital division is responsible for all operating costs, repairs and taxes on the facilities. Finance lease income is recognized outside of segment operating income as other income by the Real Estate Entities. However, these amounts are largely eliminated in the consolidation of these entities into our financial statements.

At December 31, 2023, two Real Estate Entities continue to be consolidated in our financial statements. We expect that hospitals we open in the future may be leased from new Real Estate Entities which may be owned in whole or part by related parties. Third-party lenders to these entities may require that we provide a guarantee or become co-borrowers under mortgage indebtedness financings for such facilities. In such instances, we may be required to consolidate these new Real Estate Entities in our financial statements as VIEs.

Corporate and other costs. Corporate and other costs in 2023 included general and administrative expenses totaling $33.2 million, impairment losses of $30.2 million due to facility closures and stock-based compensation of $2.8 million. Our corporate costs for 2022 included general and administrative costs of $19.8 million, acquisition costs for the reverse business combination with Clinigence totaling $3.9 million and a non-cash impairment charge reducing goodwill totaling $398.1 million. General and administrative costs increased $13.4 million attributed to increases in payroll ($8.0 million) and professional services ($1.6 million) as the Company increased corporate staffing to support the Company’s public company obligations. General and administrative costs include our executive management, accounting, human resources, corporate technology, insurance and professional fees.

As a public company, we must comply with new laws, regulations and requirements, certain corporate governance provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, related regulations of the SEC and the continued listing requirements of the NASDAQ, with which we were not required to comply with as a private company. We incur additional annual expenses related to these matters and, among other things, additional directors’ and officers’ liability insurance, director fees, reporting requirements of the SEC, transfer agent fees, hiring additional accounting, legal and administrative personnel, increased auditing and legal fees and similar expenses.

Nonoperating items

Interest expense. Interest expense totaled $16.3 million in 2023 as compared with $12.5 million for 2022. The increase was due to addition of finance leases and debt for new facilities ($2.2 million), Yorkville amortization and payments ($1.9 million) and September 2023 Private Offering amortization ($0.2 million) offset by no interest payments as a result of the paydown of East Valley debt. This includes interest expense associated with the mortgage indebtedness of consolidated Real Estate Entities, interest expense on outstanding term notes and lines of credit for financing operating equipment and working capital needs, interest expense for financing leases and the accretion costs related to the conversion of notes assumed in the Clinigence transaction.

Income tax expense. In periods before our merger with Clinigence, Nutex Health Holdco LLC and the Nutex Subsidiaries were pass-through entities treated as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes. No provision for federal income taxes was provided for these periods as federal taxes were obligations of these companies’ members. After the merger, Nutex Health Holdco LLC became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Clinigence and is included in its consolidated corporate tax filings. We recognized a non-cash charge of $21.3 million to income tax expense during 2022 for the change in tax status of Nutex Health Holdco LLC. This charge provides for the accumulated net deferred tax liabilities representing the differences between the book and tax bases of Nutex Health Holdco LLC’s assets and liabilities as of the April 1, 2022 change in tax status.

At the time of our merger with Clinigence, Clinigence had a full valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets. For the year ended December 31, 2022 we recorded a non-cash benefit of $2.4 million to income tax expense to remove the acquired valuation allowance after we concluded that the associated deferred tax assets would be realizable.

Each of the discrete items above, as well as the non-deductible goodwill impairment expense recognized in 2023 and 2022, are one-time, non-cash items.

As of December 31, 2023, a valuation allowance was established against the net deferred tax asset because the Company determined it was more likely than not that future earnings will not be sufficient to realize the corresponding tax benefits. In determining the appropriate valuation allowance, the Company considered the projected realization of tax benefits based on expected levels of future taxable income, available tax planning strategies and reversals of existing taxable temporary differences.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of December 31, 2024, we had $40.6 million of cash and equivalents, compared to $22.0 million of cash and equivalents at December 31, 2023.

Significant sources and uses of cash during 2024.

Sources of cash:

• Cash from operating activities was $23.2 million.
• Cash from common stock issuance, net of issuance costs was $9.2 million.
• Non-controlling members made cash capital contributions of $3.4 million.
• Cash from warrant exercises was $2.4 million.

Uses of cash:

• Capital expenditures were $2.3 million.
• Purchased a certificate of deposit to secure a loan for $2.9 million
• We made distributions to noncontrolling interest owners totaling $6.4 million.
• Cash associated with net repayment of notes payable totaled $3.0 million.
• Cash associated with repayments of finance leases totaled $4.6 million.

Future sources and uses of cash. Our operating activities are financed with cash on hand which is generated from revenues. Most of our hospital facilities are leased from various lessors including related parties. These leases are presented in our consolidated balance sheets unless the lease is from a consolidated Real Estate Entity. Our growth plans include the development of new hospital locations. We expect that in many of these locations we will lease facilities from newly established entities partially owned by related parties.

We routinely enter into equipment lease agreements to procure new or replacement equipment and may also finance these purchases with term debt. We have smaller lines of credits available for working capital purposes and are presently working to supplement or replace these with larger financing commitments. These larger financing commitments are subject to market conditions and we may not be able to obtain such larger financing commitments at favorable economic terms or at all.

Indebtedness. The Company’s indebtedness at December 31, 2024 is presented in Item 8, "Financial Statements - Note 8 – Debt" and our lease obligations are presented in Item 8, "Financial Statements - Note 9 – Leases."

We have entered into private debt arrangements with banking institutions for the purchase of equipment and to provide working capital and liquidity through cash and lines of credit. Unless otherwise delineated above, these debt arrangements are obligations of Nutex and/or its wholly-owned subsidiaries. Consolidated Real Estate Entities have entered into private debt arrangements with banking institutions for purposes of purchasing land, constructing new emergency room facilities and building out leasehold improvements which are leased to our hospital entities. Nutex is a guarantor or, in limited cases, a co-borrower on the debt arrangements of the Real Estate Entities for the periods shown. Since the second quarter of 2022, we deconsolidated 18 Real Estate Entities after the third-party lenders released our guarantees of associated mortgage loans.

Certain outstanding debt arrangements require minimum debt service coverage ratios and other financial covenants. At December 31, 2024, we were in compliance with these debt arrangements; we had remaining availability of an aggregate of $5.5 million under outstanding lines of credit.

Pre-Paid Advance Agreement with Yorkville. On February 15, 2024, the parties terminated the Pre-Paid Advance Agreement (the “PPA”) dated April 11, 2023 between the Company and YA II PN, Ltd. (“Yorkville”) pursuant to which the Company requested an advance of $15.0 million from Yorkville a “Pre-Paid Advance”) purchased by Yorkville at 90% of the face amount. Interest accrued on the outstanding balance of the Pre-Paid Advance at an annual rate equal to 0% subject to an increase to 15% upon events of default described in the PPA. The Pre-Paid Advance had a maturity date of 12 months from the Pre-Paid Advance Date. As a result of the Pre-Paid Advance, the Company (i) issued, on April 11, 2023, 0.2 million shares of common stock to Yorkville (23.1 million prior to the 2024 Reverse Stock Splits), reducing the principal of initial Pre-Paid Advance to $7.3 million, (ii) made Optional Prepayments of $8.2 million in accordance with the PPA, consisting of $7.7 million of principal and $1.0 million attributed to the Payment Premium offset by $0.5 million in debt discount amortization, and (iii) paid off in full the remaining outstanding balance of the PPA on January 30, 2024.

Unsecured Convertible Term Notes and Warrants with Accredited Investors. From September 2023 to December 2023, the Company conducted a private offering of convertible notes (“Unsecured Convertible Term Notes”) and six-year warrants (“Warrants”) to accredited investors (the “Holders”) as defined in Rule 501 under the 1933 Act and issued Unsecured Convertible Term Notes convertible into an aggregate of 89,751 shares (13,462,500 prior to the 2024 Reverse Stock Splits) of common stock at a conversion price of $60.00 per share ($0.40 prior to the 2024 Reverse Stock Splits) and Warrants to purchase an aggregate of 44,875 shares of common stock (6,731,250 prior to the 2024 Reverse Stock Splits) at an exercise price of $60.00 per share ($0.40 prior to the 2024 Reverse Stock Splits). We also issued Warrants for the purchase of 26,925 shares (4,038,750 prior to the 2024 Reverse Stock Splits) to the placement agent. On March 26, 2024, the Company and the Holders agreed to amend the conversion price of the Unsecured Convertible Term Notes and exercise price of the Warrants to $30.00 each ($0.20 prior to the 2024 Reverse Stock Splits), resulting in the Unsecured Convertible Term Notes being convertible into 179,500 shares of common stock (26,925,000 prior to the 2024 Reverse Stock Splits), the Warrants exercisable for 89,750 shares of common stock (13,462,500 prior to the 2024 Reverse Stock Splits) and the placement agent Warrants exercisable for 53,850 shares of common stock (8,077,500 prior to the 2024 Reverse Stock Splits). The Unsecured Convertible Term Notes mature on October 31, 2025 and the Warrants expire on December 31, 2029.

Committed Investment Agreement with Lincoln Park Capital. On November 14, 2022, Nutex and Lincoln Park Capital Fund, LLC, an Illinois limited liability company (the “Investor”), entered into a purchase agreement pursuant to which Nutex has the right, in its sole discretion, but not the obligation, to sell to the Investor up to $100 million worth of shares of Common Stock, over the 36-month term of the purchase agreement, subject to the terms and conditions provided therein. Nutex will control the timing and amount of any future sales of its Common Stock and the Investor is obligated to make purchases in accordance with the purchase agreement, subject to various limitations including those under the Nasdaq listing rules. Under the Agreement, issuances of Common Stock may be suspended upon the occurrence of customary events, including the unavailability of the resale registration statement. The Company has the right at any time for any reason to terminate the Agreement.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of December 31, 2024, we had no material off-balance sheet arrangements.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Adjusted EBITDA. Adjusted EBITDA is used as a supplemental non-GAAP financial measure by management and external users of our financial statements, such as industry analysts, investors, lenders and rating agencies. We believe Adjusted EBITDA is useful because it allows us to more effectively evaluate our operating performance.

We define Adjusted EBITDA as net income (loss) attributable to Nutex Health Inc. plus net interest expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization, further adjusted for stock-based compensation, certain defined items of expense, any acquisition-related costs and impairments. Interest expense includes interest on lease liabilities, which is a component of total finance lease cost. A reconciliation of net income to Adjusted EBITDA is included below. Adjusted EBITDA is not intended to serve as an alternative to U.S. GAAP measures of performance and may not be comparable to similarly-titled measures presented by other companies.

Unaudited

Unaudited

Significant Accounting Policies

Revenue recognition.

Hospital division – Our hospital division recognizes patient service revenue for contracts with patients, and in most cases, patients with out of network benefits with a third-party payor, such as, commercial insurance, workers compensation insurance or, in limited cases, Medicare/Medicaid. The Company’s performance obligations are to provide emergency health care services primarily on an outpatient basis. Patient service revenues are recorded at the amount that reflects the consideration that the Company expects to be paid for providing patient care. These amounts are net of appropriate discounts giving recognition to differences between the Company’s charges and reimbursement rates from third party payors.

Hospital revenues earned by the Company are recognized at a point in time when the services are provided to patients, net of adjustments and discounts. Because all the Company’s performance obligations relate to contracts with patients with a duration of less than one-year, certain disclosures are limited.

We are considered “out-of-network” with commercial health plans. As there are no contractual rates established with insurance entities, revenues are estimated based on the “usual and customary” charges allowed by insurance payors using historical collection experience, historical trends of refunds and payor payment adjustments (retractions). Revenue from the Medicare program is based on reimbursement rates set by governmental authorities. For insured patients, the transaction price is determined based on gross charges for services provided, reduced by adjustments provided to third-party payors, discounts and implicit price concessions provided primarily to uninsured patients in accordance with the Company’s policy. For uninsured patients, the Company recognizes revenue based on established rates, subject to certain discounts and implicit price concessions. The Company is reimbursed from third party payors under various methodologies based on the level of care provided.

Patients who have health care insurance may also have discounts applied related to their copayment or deductible. Estimates of contractual adjustments and discounts are determined by major payor classes for outpatient revenues based on historical experience. The Company estimates implicit price concessions based on its historical collection experience with these classes of patients using a portfolio approach. The portfolios consist of major payor classes for outpatient revenue. Based on historical collection trends and other analyses, the Company concluded that revenue for a given portfolio would not be materially different than if accounting for revenue on a contract-by-contract basis.

Customer payments are due upon receipt of an explanation of benefits for insured patients or it is due upon receipt of the bill from the Company for uninsured payments. There is no financing component associated with payments due from insurers or patients.

Population health management division – The population health management division recognizes revenue for capitation and management fees for services to IPAs and physician groups and for the licensing, training, and consulting related to our cloud-based proprietary technology.

Capitation revenue consists primarily of capitated fees for medical services provided by physician-owned entities we consolidate as VIEs. Capitated arrangements are made directly with various managed care providers including HMOs. Capitation revenues are typically prepaid monthly to us based on the number of enrollees selecting us as their healthcare provider. Capitation is a fixed payment amount per patient per unit of time paid in advance for the delivery of health care services, whereby the service providers are generally liable for excess medical costs.

We receive management fees that are based on gross capitation revenues of the IPAs or physician groups we manage. Revenue is recognized and payments are received monthly for our services. In addition, we provide consultant services that are charged as a flat fixed rate and recognized as revenue when the service is performed. Consultant services revenues represent a small portion of our total revenue.

Stock-based compensation.

The Company accounts for employee and non-employee stock-based compensation using the fair value method. Non-employee stock-based compensation is based on contractual obligations under the terms of the Contribution Agreements entered into in connection with our merger with Clinigence on April 1, 2022.

Obligations for under-construction and ramping hospitals — Under the terms of the Contribution Agreements, contributing owners of the under-construction hospitals and ramping hospitals (as determined on April 1, 2022), including Dr. Vo, our Chairman and CEO, are eligible to receive a one-time additional issuance of Company common stock.

The number of additional shares depends on two main factors: the trailing twelve-month operating results of the particular hospital and the trading price of Nutex Health common stock, with both factors determined at the end of the applicable Measurement Period. There is no threshold of certain operating results to be achieved; however, there is a floor price of common stock to be applied to the calculation. The exact amount a Nutex Owner of a particular hospital will receive will accordingly depend on (i) the trailing twelve months of operating results of that particular hospital, minus the initial capital contribution and debt assumption, (ii) the current Nutex common stock trading price, and (iii) the ownership percentage in the hospital such Nutex Owner held prior to the Contribution Transaction and the Merger.

The Company measures these obligations as liability-classified stock-based compensation at fair value (level 3) on each reporting date until settlement, with changes in fair value recognized in the consolidated statement of operations. The fair value of these awards is determined using Monte Carlo simulation, which incorporates inputs such as expected term, volatility, risk-free interest rate, dividend yield and the probability of achieving performance condition.

Other stock-based compensation awards — Compensation cost for equity incentive awards is based on the fair value of the equity instrument generally on the date of grant and is recognized over the requisite service period. Forfeitures are recognized as they occur. The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of its stock options and warrants. The Black-Scholes option pricing model requires the input of highly subjective assumptions including the expected stock price volatility of the Company’s common stock, the risk-free interest rate at the date of grant, the expected vesting term of the grant, expected dividends, and an assumption related to forfeitures of such grants. Changes in these subjective input assumptions can materially affect the fair value estimate of the Company’s stock options and warrants.

Construction in Progress. The Company regularly is in the process of constructing new facilities. Generally, our hospital facilities are responsible for the leasehold buildout and equipment while the associated Real Estate Entity procures the land, if any, and constructs a new or remodeled facility. Costs incurred to construct assets which will ultimately be classified as fixed assets are capitalized and classified in our financial statements as construction in progress until construction is completed and the asset is available for use. Once the asset is available for use, it is reclassified as another category of fixed assets and depreciated across its useful life.

Goodwill Impairment. We test goodwill for impairment at least annually by comparing the estimated fair values of our reporting units to their respective carrying values. We use an income method to estimate the fair value of these assets, which is based on forecasts of the expected future cash flows attributable to the respective assets. Significant estimates and assumptions inherent in the valuations reflect a consideration of other marketplace participants and include the amount and timing of future cash flows (including expected growth rates and profitability). Estimates utilized in the projected cash flows include consideration of macroeconomic conditions, overall category growth rates, competitive activities, Company business plans and the discount rate applied to the cash flows. Unanticipated market or macroeconomic events and circumstances may occur, which could affect the accuracy or validity of the estimates and assumptions.

On June 30, 2024, the Company recognized an impairment of goodwill of $3.2 million and the derecognition of goodwill of $0.5 million, both for the Population Health Management Division, related to the sale of Procare Health, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Nutex. Procare was considered part of the Population Health Management Division. Prior to the sale of Procare, the Company recognized a goodwill impairment amount of $3.2 million. On the sale of Procare, the Company recognized the derecognition of goodwill of $0.5 million based on the remaining carrying amount of goodwill for the Procare business after impairment.

Due to the sale of Procare, the Company tested for impairment the remaining goodwill in the Population Health Management Division of $13.9 million. On June 30, 2024, we determined that the fair value of our Population Health Management Division was greater than its carrying value. Therefore, no additional goodwill impairment was recognized for the quarter ended June 30, 2024. No additional goodwill impairment was recognized for year ended December 31, 2024.

On December 31, 2023, we recognized an impairment loss of $1.1 million in a reporting unit within our Hospital Division for the closure of a facility in January 2024.

During the three months ended September 30, 2022, we determined that the estimated fair value of our population health management division reporting unit which was acquired in the reverse business combination with Clinigence was less than its carrying value. Therefore, we conducted a second step of the goodwill impairment test to determine the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill. In this analysis, we allocated the fair value of the reporting unit to identifiable assets and liabilities of the reporting unit. The residual fair value after this allocation was compared to the goodwill balance with the excess goodwill charged to expense. Based on this analysis, we recognized a non-cash impairment charge of $398.1 million, as revised, to reduce the carrying amount of goodwill for the population health management division reporting unit.

We believe the estimates and assumptions utilized in our impairment testing are reasonable and are comparable to those that would be used by other marketplace participants. However, actual events and results could differ substantially from those used in our valuations. To the extent such factors result in a failure to achieve the level of projected cash flows used to estimate fair value for purposes of establishing or subsequently impairing the carrying amount of goodwill and intangible assets, we may need to record additional non-cash impairment charges in the future.

We are exposed to market risk related to changes in interest rates, primarily as a result of the line of credit facilities which bear interest based on floating rates.

To mitigate the impact of fluctuations in interest rates on our long-term debt, we generally target our debt portfolio to be maintained at fixed rates.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures. We maintain disclosure controls and procedures as that term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and our Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. Any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. In accordance with Rule 13a-15(b) of the Exchange Act, we have evaluated, under the supervision of our CEO and our CFO, the effectiveness of disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2024. Based on this evaluation, the Company concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were ineffective as of December 31, 2024 due to the material weaknesses identified as described below.

Further, subsequent to the filing of the Original Form 10-K, management identified an additional material weakness in internal control over financial reporting (described below) in connection with the restatement of the previously filed consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting and for assessing the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting. The Company has designed its internal control over financial reporting to provide reasonable assurance on the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of the consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

The Company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that:

• Pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the Company’s transactions and dispositions of the Company’s assets;
• Provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of the consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of the Company’s management and directors; and
• Provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.

Because of inherent limitations in internal control over financial reporting, such controls may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness of internal controls to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

In connection with the preparation of the Company’s annual consolidated financial statements, management assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on criteria established in the Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the “COSO criteria”).

Based on this assessment, the following material weaknesses have been identified:

• The Company had ineffective design, implementation, and operation controls over logical access, program change management, and vendor management controls:

1. Appropriate restrictions that would adequately prevent users from gaining inappropriate access to the financially relevant systems.

2. IT programs and data changes affecting the Company’s financial IT applications and underlying accounting records, are identified, tested, authorized and implemented appropriately to validate that data produced by its relevant IT systems were complete and accurate. Automated process-level and manual controls that are dependent upon the information derived from such financially relevant systems were also determined to be ineffective as a result of such deficiency.

3. Key third party service provider SOC reports were obtained and reviewed.

• Business process controls across all financial reporting processes were not effectively designed and implemented to properly address the risk of material misstatement, including controls without proper segregation of duties between preparer and reviewer and key management review controls.
• Ineffective design and implementation of controls over the completeness and accuracy of information included in key spreadsheets supporting the financial statements.

Management has subsequently determined that the material weakness described below also existed as of December 31, 2024:

• The Company had ineffective design, implementation and operation controls to timely and accurately analyze and account for complex and non-routine accounting matters.

Management has concluded that, based on applying the COSO criteria, as of December 31, 2024, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was not effective to provide reasonable assurance of the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

Remediation Plans. In 2024, the Company started the process of designing and implementing effective internal control measures to remediate the reported material weaknesses. The Company’s efforts included implementing a new enterprise-wide system to reduce reliance on manual processes and spreadsheets supporting the financial statements. Additionally, the Company engaged an accounting firm in 2024 to assist in the proper design, implementation and testing of internal controls over financial reporting. We made additions to our accounting and financial reporting teams throughout 2024 and 2025.

While we believe that these efforts will continue to improve our internal control over financial reporting, our remediation efforts are ongoing and will require validation and testing of the design and operating effectiveness of internal controls. The actions that we are taking are subject to ongoing senior management review, as well as audit committee oversight. We will not be able to conclude whether the steps we are taking will fully remediate the remaining material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting until we have completed our remediation efforts and subsequent evaluation of their effectiveness. We may also conclude that additional measures may be required to remediate the material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting.

Attestation report of the registered public accounting firm. Not applicable as we are a non-accelerated filer.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. We are taking actions to remediate the material weaknesses relating to our internal control over financial reporting, as described above. Except as otherwise described herein, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the period covered by this Annual Report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Inherent Limitations on Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures. Our senior members of management do not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or our internal control over financial reporting will prevent all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.