Cactus, Inc.: Form 10-K for the period ended Dec 31, 2025

General

Cactus, Inc. (“Cactus Inc.”) was incorporated on February 17, 2017 as a Delaware corporation for the purpose of completing an initial public offering of equity, which was completed on February 12, 2018 (our “IPO”). We began operating in August 2011 following the formation of Cactus Wellhead, LLC (“Cactus LLC”) in part by Scott Bender and Joel Bender, who have owned or operated wellhead manufacturing businesses since the late 1970s.

"The Company" is primarily engaged in the design, manufacture, sale and rental of highly engineered pressure control and spoolable pipe technologies. Our products are sold and rented principally for onshore unconventional oil and gas wells and are utilized during the drilling, completion and production phases of our customers’ wells. We also provide field services for all of our products and rental items to assist with the installation, maintenance and handling of the equipment. Additionally, we offer repair and refurbishment services as appropriate. We operate through service centers and pipe yards located in the United States, Canada and Australia. We also provide rental and service operations in the Middle East and other select international markets. Our primary manufacturing and production facilities are in Bossier City, Louisiana, Baytown, Texas and Suzhou, China. In addition, a new plant is commencing production in Vietnam. Our corporate headquarters are located in Houston, Texas.

On January 1, 2026, the Company acquired 65% of Baker Hughes Pressure Control LLC, which holds Baker Hughes Company's former surface pressure control business. See "Cactus International Joint Venture with Baker Hughes" below.

FlexSteel Acquisition

On February 28, 2023, we completed the acquisition of the FlexSteel business (the “Merger”) through a merger with HighRidge Resources, Inc. and its subsidiaries (“HighRidge”). The purpose of the Merger was to effect the acquisition of the operations of FlexSteel Holdings, Inc. and its subsidiaries. We completed the acquisition on a cash-free, debt-free basis and paid total cash consideration of $658.6 million which included the initial purchase consideration, final adjustments for closing working capital, cash on hand and indebtedness adjustments, and earn-out payments made in 2024 as set forth in the related merger agreement.

Current Ownership Structure

On February 27, 2023, an internal reorganization (the “CC Reorganization”) was completed to facilitate the Merger. Cactus Companies, LLC (“Cactus Companies”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Cactus Inc., acquired all of the outstanding units representing limited liability ownership interests in Cactus LLC (“CW Units”), the operating subsidiary of Cactus Inc., in exchange for an equal number of units representing limited liability company interests in Cactus Companies (“CC Units”).

Cactus Inc. is a holding company whose only material assets are CC Units, which Cactus Inc. holds both directly and indirectly. Cactus Inc. is the sole managing member of Cactus Companies. Cactus Inc. (directly and through a wholly owned subsidiary) and the other owners of CC Units entered into the Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Operating Agreement of Cactus Companies (the “Cactus Companies LLC Agreement”), which provides for Cactus Inc. to be responsible for all operational, management and administrative decisions relating to Cactus Companies’ business.

Holders of CC Units other than Cactus Inc. (such holders, "CC Unit Holders") own one share of Cactus Inc.'s Class B common stock, par value $0.01 per share ("Class B common stock"), for each CC Unit such CC Unit Holder owns and Cactus Companies is the sole member of Cactus LLC. Pursuant to the Cactus Companies LLC Agreement, owners of CC Units are entitled to redeem their CC Units for shares of Cactus Inc.’s Class A common stock, par value $0.01 per share ("Class A common stock") on a one-for-one basis, which would result in a corresponding increase in Cactus Inc.’s membership interest in Cactus Companies and an increase in the number of shares of Class A common stock outstanding.

Since our IPO through December 31, 2025, 49.6 million CC Units (including CW Units prior to the CC Reorganization) and a corresponding number of shares of Class B common stock have been redeemed in exchange for shares of Class A common stock. Holders of Class A common stock and Class B common stock vote together as a single class on all matters presented to our stockholders for their vote or approval, except as otherwise required by applicable law or our amended and restated certificate of incorporation. Cactus WH Enterprises, LLC (“Cactus WH Enterprises”) is the largest CC Unit Holder. Cactus WH Enterprises is a Delaware limited liability company owned by Scott Bender, Joel Bender, and Steven Bender, each of whom is an executive officer of Cactus Inc. As of December 31, 2025, Cactus Inc. owned 86.3% and CC Unit Holders owned 13.7% of Cactus Companies, which was based on approximately 68.9 million shares of Class A common stock issued and outstanding and approximately 11.0 million shares of Class B common stock issued and outstanding. Cactus WH Enterprises held approximately 12.1% of our voting power as of December 31, 2025.

The following diagram indicates our simplified ownership structure as of December 31, 2025:

Cactus International Joint Venture with Baker Hughes

On January 1, 2026 (the “Closing Date”), Baker Hughes Holdings LLC ("Baker Hughes Holdings") and certain of its affiliates sold 65% of the limited liability company membership interests ("Membership Interests") in Baker Hughes Pressure Control LLC (the "Joint Venture" or "Cactus International"), which holds Baker Hughes Company's former surface pressure control business (the "Acquired Business") to Cactus UK Holding Limited (the “Cactus Member”), a subsidiary of Cactus Companies, for a cash purchase price of $344.5 million, subject to certain working capital, cash, debt, capital expenditure and other customary adjustments (the "Baker Hughes Transaction").

For so long as Baker Hughes Pressure Control Holdings LLC (the "Baker Member") continues to hold Membership Interests, the Cactus Member shall cause the Joint Venture to operate its business generally in the ordinary course. Certain actions of the Board of Directors of the Joint Venture require the affirmative vote of at least one director appointed by the Baker Member. Baker Hughes Company ("Baker Hughes Company") and the Company will have specific non-compete restrictions with respect to surface pressure control applications in certain countries, and the members of the Joint Venture are subject to certain transfer restrictions with respect to the Membership Interests.

From and after the second anniversary of the Closing Date, the Baker Member has the right to sell to either the Joint Venture or the Cactus Member, and the Cactus Member has the right to purchase or cause the Joint Venture to purchase, all of the Membership Interests held directly or indirectly by Baker Hughes Company. The purchase price will be based on an enterprise value of the Joint Venture using a multiple of six times its trailing twelve month ("TTM") Adjusted EBITDA (as defined and calculated pursuant to the Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of the Joint Venture, entered into on the Closing Date by the Joint Venture, the Cactus Member, the Baker Member, Cactus Inc. and Baker Hughes Company (the "Joint Venture LLC Agreement")), subject to a maximum valuation of $660.0 million, and if the Cactus Member elects to purchase or cause the Joint Venture to purchase the Membership Interests, a minimum valuation of $530.0 million applies. In connection with the Baker Hughes Transaction, Cactus Companies is obligated to pay Baker Hughes Holdings $10.0 million on the first anniversary of the Closing Date and $14.5 million at such time as Baker Hughes Company ceases to be a member of the Joint Venture.

For further information on the Joint Venture please refer to (i) the complete text of the Joint Venture LLC Agreement, a copy of which is filed as Exhibit 10.29 to this Annual Report and (ii) note 19 to our consolidated financial statements.

Our Products and Services

We have two operating segments consisting of Pressure Control and Spoolable Technologies. See discussion below of each operating segment.

Pressure Control

The Pressure Control segment designs, manufactures, sells and rents a range of wellhead and pressure control equipment under the Cactus Wellhead brand. Products are sold and rented principally for onshore unconventional oil and gas wells and are utilized during the drilling, completion and production phases of our customers’ wells. In addition, we provide field services for all of our products and rental items to assist with the installation, maintenance and handling of the equipment.

We operate through service centers in the United States, which are strategically located in the key oil and gas producing regions, and in Eastern Australia. These service centers support our field services and provide equipment assembly and repair services. We also provide rental and service operations in the Middle East. Pressure Control manufacturing and production facilities are located in Bossier City, Louisiana, Suzhou, China and Hai Duong, Vietnam.

Demand for our product sales in the Pressure Control segment is driven primarily by the number of new wells drilled, as each new well requires a wellhead and, after the completion phase, a production tree. Demand for our rental items is driven primarily by the number of well completions as we rent frac trees to oil and gas operators to assist in hydraulic fracturing. To a lesser extent, rental demand is also driven by drilling activity as we rent tools used in the installation of wellheads. Field service and other revenues are closely correlated with revenues from product sales and rentals, as items sold or rented almost always have an associated service component.

Spoolable Technologies

The Spoolable Technologies segment designs, manufactures, and sells spoolable pipe and associated end fittings under the FlexSteel brand. Our customers use these products primarily as production, gathering and takeaway pipelines to transport oil, gas or other liquids. In addition, we provide field services and rental items to assist our customers with the installation of these products. We support our field service operations through service centers and pipe yards located in oil and gas regions throughout the United States and Western Canada. We also provide equipment and services in select international markets. The Spoolable Technologies manufacturing facility is located in Baytown, Texas.

Demand for our product sales in the Spoolable Technologies segment is driven primarily by the number of wells being placed into production after the completions phase as customers use our spoolable pipe and associated fittings to bring wells more rapidly onto production. Rental and field service and other revenues are closely correlated with revenues from product sales, as items sold usually have an associated rental and service component.

Our Revenues

Our revenues are derived from three sources: products, rentals, and field service and other. Product revenues are derived from the sale of wellhead systems, production trees and spoolable pipe and fittings. Rental revenues are primarily derived from the rental of equipment used during the completion process, the repair of such equipment and the rental of equipment or tools used to install wellhead equipment and spoolable pipe. Field service and other revenues are primarily earned when we provide installation and other field services for both product sales and equipment rental.

For the year ended December 31, 2025, we derived 76% of our total revenues from the sale of our products, 8% from rentals and 16% from field service and other. In 2024, we derived 75% of our total revenues from the sale of our products, 9% from rentals and 16% from field service and other. In 2023, we derived 74% of our total revenues from the sale of our products, 10% from rentals and 16% from field service and other. We have predominantly domestic operations and sales, but also generate revenues in Australia, Canada and other select international markets. As a result of the Baker Hughes Transaction, we expect that a greater portion of our operations and sales will be attributable to international markets, particularly the Middle East.

Most of our sales are made on a call out basis pursuant to customer agreements, wherein our clients provide delivery instructions for goods and/or services as their operations require. Such goods and services are most often priced in accordance with a preapproved price list. The actual pricing of our products and services is impacted by a number of factors including competitive pricing pressure, the value perceived by our customers, the level of utilized capacity in the oil service sector, cost of manufacturing the product, cost of providing the service, and general market conditions. See “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Recent Developments and Trends” for a discussion of trends in market demand.

Costs of Conducting Our Business

The principal elements of cost of sales for our products are the direct and indirect costs to manufacture and supply our products, including labor, materials, machine time, tariffs and duties, freight and lease expenses related to our facilities. The principal elements of cost of sales for rentals are the direct and indirect costs of manufacturing and supplying rental equipment, including depreciation, repairs specifically performed on such rental equipment and freight. The principal elements of cost of sales for field service and other are labor, equipment depreciation and repair, equipment and vehicle lease expenses, fuel and supplies. Selling, general and administrative expenses (“SG&A”) are comprised of costs such as sales and marketing, engineering and product development, general corporate overhead, business development, compensation, employment benefits, insurance, information technology, safety and environmental, legal and professional.

Suppliers and Raw Materials

Forgings, tube and bar stock represent the principal raw materials used in the manufacture of our Pressure Control products and rental equipment. In addition, we require accessory items (such as elastomers, ring gaskets, studs and nuts) and machined components. The principal raw materials used by our Spoolable Technologies segment include tube, bar stock, steel strip and high-density polyethylene. We purchase a majority of our raw materials from vendors primarily located in the United States, China, India, Australia and Vietnam. We do not believe that we are overly dependent on any individual vendor to supply our required materials or services. The materials and services essential to our business are normally readily available and, where we use one or a few vendors as a source of any particular materials or services, we believe that we can, within a reasonable period of time, make satisfactory alternative arrangements in the event of an interruption of supply from any vendor. We believe our materials and services vendors have the capacity to meet additional demand should we require it, although at potentially higher costs and with extended deliveries.

Manufacturing

Our manufacturing and production facilities within our Pressure Control operating segment are located in Bossier City, Louisiana, Suzhou, China and Hai Duong, Vietnam. Although all facilities can produce our full range of products, our Bossier City facility has advanced production capabilities and is designed to support time-sensitive and rapid turnaround of made-to-order equipment, while our facilities in China and Vietnam are optimized for longer lead time orders and outsources its machining requirements. Excluding the new plant in Vietnam, the facilities are licensed to the latest American Petroleum Institute (“API”) 6A specification for wellheads and valves and API Q1 and ISO 9001:2015 quality management systems. The Bossier City facility also has the ability to perform frac rental equipment remanufacturing. Our production facility in China is configured to efficiently produce our range of pressure control products and components for less time-sensitive, higher-volume orders. The Suzhou facility assembles and tests finished and semi-finished machined components before shipment to the United

States, Australia and other international locations. Our Suzhou and Vietnam subsidiaries are wholly-owned, and the facilities are staffed by Cactus employees, which we believe is a key factor in sustaining high quality and dependable deliveries.

Our manufacturing facility within our Spoolable Technologies operating segment is located in Baytown, Texas. Using proprietary-designed manufacturing equipment, we produce pipe products in accordance with industry standards. Additionally, our Baytown facility utilizes advanced Computer Numeric Control machines dedicated to the precision manufacturing of the FlexSteel connectors. Our Baytown facility is licensed to the latest API 15S specification for spoolable reinforced plastic line pipe, API 17J specification for unbonded flexible pipe and adheres to certified API Q1 and ISO 9001:2015 quality management systems.

Trademarks and Patents

Trademarks are important to the marketing of our products. The Company has numerous trademarks registered with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office as well as foreign trademark offices and has also applied for registration of several other trademarks, which are still pending. Once registered, our trademarks can be renewed every 10 years as long as we are using them in commerce. We also seek to protect our technology through the use of patents, which affords us 20 years of protection of our proprietary inventions and technology. We have been awarded U.S. patents and patents in foreign jurisdictions while still having additional patent applications pending. We also rely on trade secret protection for our confidential and proprietary information. To protect our information, we customarily enter into confidentiality agreements with our employees and suppliers. There can be no assurance, however, that others will not independently obtain similar information or otherwise gain access to our trade secrets.

Cyclicality

We are substantially dependent on conditions in the oil and gas industry, including the level of exploration, development and production activity of, and the corresponding capital spending by, oil and natural gas exploration and production companies. The level of exploration, development and production activity is directly affected by trends in oil and natural gas prices, which have historically been volatile, and by the availability of capital and the associated capital spending discipline exercised by customers in response to existing and anticipated prices of crude oil and natural gas. Declines, as well as anticipated declines, in oil and gas prices could negatively affect the level of these activities and capital spending, which could adversely affect demand for our products and services and, in certain instances, result in the cancellation, modification or rescheduling of existing and expected orders and the ability of our customers to pay us for our products and services. These factors could have an adverse effect on our revenue and profitability.

Seasonality

Our business is not significantly impacted by seasonality, although our fourth quarter has historically been impacted by holidays and our customers’ budget cycles. These factors can lead to lower activity in our three revenue categories as well as lower margins, particularly in field services due to reduced labor utilization.

Customers

We serve over 300 customers representing private operators, publicly-traded independents, majors and other companies with operations in the key U.S. oil and gas producing basins as well as in Australia, Canada, the Middle East and other international locations. For the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023 one customer represented 17%, 15% and 10%, respectively, of total Company revenues, with both operating segments reporting revenues with the customer.

Competition

The markets in which we operate are highly competitive. In the Pressure Control segment, we believe we are one of the largest suppliers of wellheads used in the United States. We compete with Vault, divisions of SLB and TechnipFMC, and a large number of other companies. We believe the rental market for frac stacks and related flow control equipment is more fragmented than the wellhead product market, and we do not believe any individual company represents more than 20% of the U.S. market. In the Spoolable Technologies segment, we compete with companies who offer spoolable products, including Baker Hughes, Mattr, NOV and select other companies, as well as companies who offer traditional steel line pipe, including Tenaris, Vallourec, and a large number of other line pipe manufacturers and distributors.

We believe the competitive factors in the markets we serve include technical features, equipment availability, work force competency, efficiency, safety record, reputation, continuity of management, and price. Additionally, projects are often awarded on a bid basis, which tends to create a highly competitive environment. While we seek to be competitive in our pricing, we believe many of our customers elect to work with us based on product performance, features, safety and availability, as well as the quality of our people, equipment and services. We seek to differentiate ourselves from our competitors by timely delivering the highest‑quality services and equipment possible, coupled with superior execution and operating efficiency in a safe working environment.

Environmental, Health and Safety Regulation

We are subject to stringent governmental laws and regulations, both in the United States and other countries, pertaining to protection of the environment and occupational safety and health. Compliance with environmental legal requirements in the United States at the federal, state or local levels may require acquiring permits to conduct regulated activities, incurring capital expenditures to limit or prevent emissions, discharges and any unauthorized releases, and complying with stringent practices to handle, recycle and dispose of certain wastes. These laws and regulations include, among others:

• the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (the “Clean Water Act”);
• the Clean Air Act;
• the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act;
• the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act;
• the Occupational Safety and Health Act; and
• national and local environmental protection laws in Australia, China, Canada and the Middle East.

New, modified or stricter enforcement of environmental laws and regulations could be adopted or implemented that may significantly increase our compliance costs, pollution mitigation costs, or the cost of any remediation of environmental contamination that may become necessary, and these costs could be material. Our customers are also subject to most, if not all, of the same laws and regulations relating to environmental protection and occupational safety and health in the United States and in foreign countries where we operate. Consequently, to the extent these environmental compliance costs, pollution mitigation costs or remediation costs are incurred by our customers, those customers could elect to delay, reduce or cancel drilling, exploration or production programs, which could reduce demand for our products and services and, as a result, have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. Consistent with our quality assurance and Health, Safety & Environment (“HSE”) principles, we have established proactive environmental and worker safety policies in the United States and foreign countries for the management, handling, recycling or disposal of chemicals and gases and other materials and wastes resulting from our operations. Substantial fines and penalties can be imposed and orders or injunctions limiting or prohibiting certain operations may be issued in connection with any failure to comply with laws and regulations relating to worker health and safety.

Licenses and Certifications. Our manufacturing facility in Bossier City, Louisiana, our production facility in Suzhou, China and our service center in Brendale, Australia are currently licensed by the API to monogram manufactured products in accordance with API 6A, 21st Edition product specification for both wellheads and valves while the quality management system is certified to API Q1, 10th Edition and ISO 9001:2015. Cactus has also developed an API Q2 program specific to our Pressure Control service business. We have and are implementing the API Q2 Quality Management System at select service locations to reduce well site non-productive time, improve service tool reliability and enhance customer satisfaction and retention.

Our manufacturing facility in Baytown, Texas also holds API licenses, allowing us to monogram our FlexSteel products in strict accordance with industry-leading standards. Specifically, we adhere to the API 15S 3rd Edition product specification for spoolable reinforced plastic line pipe and the API 17J 5th Edition product specification for unbonded flexible pipe. The FlexSteel quality management system is certified to API Q1, 9th Edition, and ISO 9001:2015. We also hold product conformity certifications for our Spoolable Technologies segment from ICONTEC, covering Latin and South American standards for API 15S and 17J, and ABNT, endorsing Brazilian production conformity to API 15S and 17J.

The API licenses and certifications expire every three years and are renewed upon successful completion of annual audits. Our current licenses and certifications are published on our website at www.CactusWHD.com (http://www.CactusWHD.com). Information relating to the Pressure Control segment is available under the “Quality” section of the Cactus Wellhead webpage, and information relating to the Spoolable Technologies segment is available under the “HSEQ” section of the FlexSteel webpage. API’s standards are subject to revision, however, and there is no guarantee that future amendments or substantive changes to the standards would not require us to modify our operations or manufacturing processes to meet the new standards. Doing so may materially affect our operational costs. We also cannot guarantee that changes to the standards would not lead to the rescission of our licenses should we be unable to make the changes necessary to meet the new standards. Loss of our API licenses could materially affect demand for these products.

Hydraulic Fracturing. Most of our customers utilize hydraulic fracturing in their operations. Environmental concerns have been raised regarding the potential impact of hydraulic fracturing and the resulting wastewater disposal on underground water supplies and seismic activity. These concerns have led to several regulatory and governmental initiatives in the United States to restrict the hydraulic fracturing process, which could have an adverse impact on our customers’ completions or production activities. Although we do not conduct hydraulic fracturing, certain of our products are used in hydraulic fracturing. Increased regulation and attention given to the hydraulic fracturing process could lead to greater opposition to oil and gas production activities using hydraulic fracturing techniques. Since 2021, the Texas Railroad Commission, which regulates the state’s oil and gas industry, has suspended the use of deep wastewater disposal wells in certain areas of oil-producing counties in West Texas. The suspensions are intended to mitigate earthquakes thought to be caused by the injection of waste fluids, including saltwater, that are a byproduct of hydraulic fracturing into disposal wells. The bans require oil and gas production companies to find other options to handle the wastewater, which may include piping or trucking it longer distances to other locations not under the bans. In addition, the Texas Railroad Commission has overseen the development of well-operator-led response plans to reduce injection volumes in other portions of West Texas in order to reduce seismicity in these areas. The adoption of new laws or regulations at the federal, state, local or foreign level imposing reporting obligations on, or otherwise limiting, delaying or banning, the hydraulic fracturing process or other processes on which hydraulic fracturing and subsequent hydrocarbon production relies, such as water disposal, could make it more difficult to complete oil and natural gas wells. Further, it could increase our customers’ costs of compliance and doing business, and otherwise adversely affect the hydraulic fracturing services for which they contract, which could negatively impact demand for our products.

Climate Change. Local, state, national and foreign governments and agencies continue to evaluate, and in some instances adopt, climate-related legislation and other regulatory initiatives that would restrict emissions of greenhouse gases. Changes in environmental requirements related to greenhouse gases, climate change and alternative energy sources may negatively impact demand for our services. Oil and natural gas exploration and production may decline as a result of environmental requirements, including land use policies responsive to environmental concerns.

Because our business depends on the level of activity in the oil and natural gas industry, existing or future laws, regulations, treaties or international agreements related to greenhouse gases and climate change, may reduce demand for oil and natural gas and could have a negative impact on our business. Likewise, such restrictions may result in additional compliance obligations that could have a material adverse effect on our business, consolidated results of operations and consolidated financial position. In addition, our business could be negatively impacted by initiatives to address greenhouse gases and climate change and incentives to conserve energy or use alternative energy sources.

Insurance and Risk Management

We rely on customer indemnifications and third‑party insurance as part of our risk mitigation strategy. However, our customers may be unable to satisfy indemnification claims against them or are not always willing to provide adequate indemnifications. Additionally, state laws may not always allow indemnifications we obtain or extend to be enforced. We indemnify our customers against certain claims and liabilities resulting or arising from our provision of goods or services to them. Our insurance may not be sufficient to cover any particular loss or may not cover all losses. We carry a variety of insurance coverages for our operations, and we are partially self‑insured for certain claims, in amounts that we believe to be customary and reasonable. Historically, insurance rates have been subject to various market fluctuations that may result in less coverage, increased premium costs, or higher deductibles or self‑insured retentions.

Our insurance includes coverage for commercial general liability, damage to our real and personal property, damage to our mobile equipment, pollution liability, workers’ compensation and employer’s liability, auto liability, foreign package policy, commercial crime, fiduciary liability employment practices, cargo, excess liability, directors and officers’ and cyber insurance. We also maintain a partially self-insured medical plan that utilizes specific and aggregate stop loss limits. Our insurance includes various coverage limitations, policy limits and deductibles or self‑insured retentions, which must be met prior to, or in conjunction with, any recovery.

Human Capital Management

As of December 31, 2025, we employed over 1,500 people worldwide, of which over 100 were employed outside of the United States, mainly in Australia, China and Vietnam. We are not a party to any collective bargaining agreements and have not experienced any strikes or work stoppages. We consider our relations with our workforce to be strong.

Our success is intrinsically tied to our ability to attract, retain, and inspire a diverse and talented team across all levels of our organization. This includes our global workforce, executive leadership, and other key personnel. Operating in a highly competitive industry, we have developed and implemented targeted strategies, objectives, and metrics for recruitment and retention. These initiatives are integral to our overall business management approach, contributing to our ability to maintain high retention rates among key managers and associates while fostering a dynamic and motivated workforce.

Recruiting. Our talent strategy focuses on attracting, recognizing, developing, and retaining top-performing individuals. To identify and secure exceptional talent, we actively encourage and reward employee referrals, leverage multiple social media platforms, and participate in regional job fairs. Additionally, we build strategic partnerships with educational institutions across the United States and collaborate with local workforce commissions. These efforts ensure we maintain a diverse and highly skilled candidate pool in every region where we operate.

Training and Development. We are deeply committed to the training and development of our associates, with a special emphasis on those in field, plant, and branch operations. Our comprehensive internal training programs are designed to enhance and monitor technical and safety skills while fostering growth in key areas such as safety practices, corporate and personal responsibility, product knowledge, behavioral development, and ethical conduct.

To support career advancement, our development plans equip individuals with the technical expertise needed to perform their roles with the highest levels of safety and precision. For associates requiring specialized skills, knowledge, or certifications, we provide access to external training opportunities tailored to their professional growth.

We believe that our unwavering focus on training and development not only fosters a safer work environment but also creates pathways for internal promotions, boosts associate morale, and strengthens retention across the organization.

Workplace Culture. We believe our workplace culture is fundamental to our success, driving innovation, creativity, and sustainable growth. Our commitment is to nurture a workplace culture that values every individual, and empowers everyone to contribute their unique perspectives.

We are dedicated to fostering an environment where discrimination has no place. This commitment is reflected in every aspect of our business—from recruitment and promotion practices to associate development initiatives and supplier partnerships. Our workforce comprises a diverse associate group, with approximately 12% women and approximately 49% of our workforce representing a minority population. By cultivating a diverse environment, we strengthen our organization, enrich our workplace culture, and ensure long-term success.

Compensation and Benefits. We provide comprehensive compensation and benefits programs thoughtfully designed to address the needs of our associates and their families. Our approach goes beyond offering competitive salaries and wages, incorporating a wide range of benefits to promote financial security, health, wellness, and professional growth.

Our financial benefits include annual bonuses and retirement plans, such as a 401(k), to help associates build long-term financial stability. We also utilize targeted equity-based grants with vesting conditions to support the retention of key personnel, aligning their success with the Company's growth.

To promote health and wellness, we offer competitive healthcare and insurance options, including health savings accounts partially funded by the Company and standard flexible spending accounts. Associates also have access to company-sponsored long- and short-term disability coverage, accident and critical illness insurance, and resources to support overall well-being.

Recognizing the importance of work-life balance, we provide paid time off, family leave, and paid maternity and paternity leave. Our commitment to supporting families extends further with access to family care resources and personal legal services insurance. Additionally, associate assistance programs are available to help navigate personal and professional challenges.

We also invest in our associates' professional development by offering tuition reimbursement in certain circumstances, enabling continued growth and skill development.

Through this holistic approach to compensation and benefits, we aim to create a supportive and empowering environment that fosters associate satisfaction, enhances retention, and ensures the long-term success of both our associates and the organization.

Health and Safety. Our health and safety programs are designed around global standards with appropriate variations addressing the multiple jurisdictions and regulations, specific hazards and unique working environments of our manufacturing and production facilities, service centers and headquarters. We require each location to conduct regular safety evaluations to verify that expectations for safety program procedures and training are being met. We also engage in third-party conformity assessments of our HSE processes to determine adherence to our HSE management system and to global health and safety standards. We monitor our Occupational Safety and Health Administration Total Recordable Incident Rate (“TRIR”) to assess our operation’s health and safety performance. TRIR is defined as the number of incidents per 100 full-time employees that have resulted in a recordable injury or illness in the pertinent period. During fiscal year 2025, our Pressure Control segment reported a TRIR of 1.49, which compares to 0.81 in 2024, with no work-related fatalities in either year. Our Spoolable Technologies segment reported a TRIR of 0.79 for fiscal year 2025, compared to 1.26 in 2024, with no work-related fatalities. Based on the most recent statistics available from the International Association of Drilling Contractors, our TRIR statistics are in line with the industry average.

We are committed to the health, safety and wellness of our associates. We provide our associates and their families access to various flexible and convenient health and wellness programs. These programs include benefits that offer protection and security to have peace of mind concerning events that may require time away from work or impact their financial well-being. These tools also support their physical and mental health by providing resources to improve or maintain their health status.

Executive Officers and Directors

The following tables set forth certain information regarding our Executive Officers and Directors as of February 25, 2026:

Information About Our Executive Officers

Information About Our Board of Directors

Available Information

Our principal executive offices are located at 920 Memorial City Way, Suite 300, Houston, TX 77024, and our telephone number at that address is (713) 626‑8800. Our website address is www.CactusWHD.com (http://www.CactusWHD.com). Our periodic reports and other information filed with or furnished to the SEC, including our Form 10-Ks, Form 10-Qs and Form 8-Ks, as well as amendments to such filings, are available free of charge through our website, as soon as reasonably practicable after those reports and other information are electronically filed with or furnished to the SEC. Information on our website or any other website is not incorporated by reference into this Annual Report and does not constitute a part of this Annual Report.

Investing in our Class A common stock involves risks. You should carefully consider the information in this Annual Report, including the matters addressed under “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward‑Looking Statements,” and the following risks before making an investment decision. Our business, results of operations and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected by any of these risks. Additional risks or uncertainties not currently known to us, or that we deem immaterial, may also have an effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. The trading price of our Class A common stock could decline due to any of these risks, and you may lose all or part of your investment.

Risks Related to the Oilfield Services Industry and Our Business

Demand for our products and services depends on oil and gas industry activity and customer expenditure levels, which are directly affected by trends in the supply of and demand for and price of crude oil and natural gas and availability of capital.

Demand for our products and services depends primarily upon the general level of activity in the oil and gas industry, including the number of drilling rigs in operation, the number of oil and gas wells being drilled, the depth, lateral length and drilling conditions of these wells, the volume of production, the number of well completions and the level of well remediation activity, the number of wells put into production, the number of wells drilled but uncompleted, the impact of actions taken by the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries and other oil and gas producing countries ("OPEC+") affecting the global supply of oil and gas and the capital spending by oil and gas exploration and production companies. Oil and gas activity is in turn heavily influenced by, among other factors, current and anticipated oil and natural gas prices locally and worldwide, which have historically been volatile. Declines, as well as anticipated declines, in oil and gas prices could negatively affect the level of these activities and capital spending, which could adversely affect demand for our products and services and, in certain instances, result in the cancellation, modification or rescheduling of existing and expected orders and the ability of our customers to pay us for our products and services. These factors could have an adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

The oil and gas industry is cyclical and has historically experienced periodic downturns, which have been characterized by diminished demand for our products and services and downward pressure on the prices we charge. These downturns cause exploration and production ("E&P") companies to reduce their capital budgets and drilling activity. Any future downturn or expected downturn could result in a significant decline in demand for oilfield services and adversely affect our business, results of operations and cash flows.

U.S. drilling and completion activity could be adversely affected by any significant constraints in equipment, labor or takeaway capacity in the regions in which we operate.

U.S. drilling and completion activity may be impacted by, among other things, the availability and cost of ancillary equipment and services, pipeline capacity, and material and labor availability and costs. Should significant changes in activity occur, there could be concerns over availability of the equipment, materials and labor required to drill and complete a well, together with the ability to move the produced oil and natural gas to market. Should significant constraints develop that materially impact the efficiency and economics of oil and gas producers, U.S. drilling and completion activity could be adversely affected. This would have an adverse impact on the demand for the products we sell and rent, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and cash flows.

We may be unable to employ a sufficient number of skilled and qualified workers to sustain or expand our current operations.

The delivery of our products and services requires personnel with specialized skills and experience. Our ability to be productive and profitable will depend upon our ability to attract and retain skilled workers. In addition, our ability to expand our operations depends in part on our ability to increase the size of our skilled labor force. The demand for skilled workers is high and the cost to attract and retain qualified personnel has remained elevated. During industry downturns, skilled workers may leave the industry, reducing the availability of qualified workers when conditions improve. In addition, a significant increase in the wages paid by competing employers both within and outside of our industry could result in increases in the wage rates that we must pay. If we are not able to employ and retain skilled workers, our ability to respond quickly to customer demands or strong market conditions may inhibit our growth, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and cash flows.

Our business is dependent on the continuing services of certain of our key managers and employees.

We depend on key executives and management personnel. Our future plans depend in part on our ability to identify, retain, develop and/or recruit suitable successors to senior management. The loss of any key executives and/or managers could adversely impact our business. The loss of qualified associates or an inability to retain and motivate additional highly‑skilled associates required for the operation and expansion of our business could hinder our ability to successfully maintain and expand our market share.

Political, regulatory, economic and social disruptions in the countries in which we conduct business and globally could adversely affect our business or results of operations.

In addition to our facilities in the United States, we operate a production facilities in China and, Vietnam, and we have facilities in Australia and Canada that sell and rent equipment as well as provide parts, repair services and field services associated with installation. Additionally, we provide rental and field service operations in the Middle East. Instability and unforeseen changes in any of the markets in which we conduct business could have an adverse effect on the demand for, or supply of, our business, results of operations and cash flows. We have also expanded our operations and footprint in the Middle East as a result of the Baker Hughes Transaction.

We are dependent on a relatively small number of customers in a single industry. The loss of an important customer could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

Our customers are engaged in the oil and natural gas E&P business primarily in the United States, but also in Australia, Canada, the Middle East and other select international markets. Historically, we have been dependent on a relatively small number of customers for our revenues. Our business, results of operations and financial position could be materially adversely affected if an important customer ceases to engage us for our services on favorable terms, or at all, or fails to pay or delays paying us significant amounts of our outstanding receivables for product and services provided. Additionally, the E&P industry has seen consolidation activity, which may continue. Changes in ownership of our customers may result in the loss of, or reduction in, business from those customers which could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and cash flows.

Delays in obtaining, or inability to obtain or renew, permits or authorizations by our customers for their operations could impair our business.

Our customers are required to obtain permits or authorizations from one or more governmental agencies or other third parties to perform drilling and completion activities, including hydraulic fracturing. Such permits or approvals are typically required by state agencies but can also be required by federal and local governmental agencies or other third parties. As with most permitting and authorization processes, there is a degree of uncertainty as to whether a permit will be granted, the time it will take for a permit or approval to be issued and the conditions which may be imposed in connection with the granting of the permit. In some jurisdictions, certain regulatory authorities have delayed or suspended the issuance of permits or authorizations while the potential environmental impacts associated with issuing such permits can be studied and appropriate mitigation measures evaluated. In Texas, rural water districts have begun to impose restrictions on water use and may require permits for water used in drilling and completion activities. Oil and gas leasing on public land remains politically fraught and federal land available for oil and gas leasing could be significantly reduced due to environmental and climate concerns. The effects of these developments or other initiatives to reform the federal leasing process could result in additional restrictions or limitations on the issuance of federal leases and permits for drilling on public lands. Permitting, authorization or renewal delays, the inability to obtain new permits or the revocation of current permits could impact our customers’ operations and cause a loss of revenue and potentially have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and cash flows.

Competition within the oilfield services industry may adversely affect our ability to market our services.

The oilfield services industry is highly competitive and fragmented and includes numerous companies capable of competing effectively in our markets, including several large companies that possess substantially greater financial and other resources than we do. Consolidation of our competitors and the entry of new competitors could result in a further increase in competition. The amount of equipment available may exceed demand, which could result in active price competition. Many contracts are awarded on a bid basis, which may further increase competition based primarily on price. In addition, adverse market conditions reduce demand for well servicing equipment, which results in excess equipment and lower utilization rates. If market conditions deteriorate or if adverse market conditions persist, the prices we are able to charge and utilization rates may decline. Any significant future increase in overall market capacity for the products, rental equipment or services that we offer could adversely affect our business, results of operations and cash flows.

New technology may cause us to become less competitive.

The oilfield services industry is subject to the introduction of new drilling and completions techniques and services using new technologies, some of which may be subject to patent or other intellectual property protections. Although we believe our equipment and processes currently give us a competitive advantage in the U.S., as competitors and others use or develop new or comparable technologies in the future, we may lose market share or be placed at a competitive disadvantage. Further, we may face competitive pressure to develop, implement, license or acquire certain new technologies at a substantial cost. Some of our competitors have greater financial, technical and personnel resources that may allow them to enjoy various competitive advantages in the development and implementation of new technologies. We cannot be certain that we will be able to continue to develop and implement new technologies or products. Limits on our ability to develop, bring to market, effectively use and implement new and emerging technologies may have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and cash flows, including a reduction in the value of assets replaced by new technologies.

Increased costs, inflation, increased transit times, changes in global trade policies, increased tariffs, or lack of availability, of raw materials and other components may result in increased operating expenses and adversely affect our results of operations and cash flows.

Our ability to source and transport raw materials and components, such as steel, tube and bar stock, forgings and machined components is critical to our ability to successfully compete. Among other things, the conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East may result in longer transit times, higher costs and reduced availability of raw materials and components used in our wide variety of products and systems. Further union port labor related disruptions could also result in increased transit times and costs. Transit times through and availability of the Panama Canal may be impacted by weather patterns and political tensions among the US, Panama and China.

Tariffs, and related policy changes implemented by the U.S. government, have created volatility in the oil and gas markets and will likely result in higher operating expenses and potentially lower demand for our products, which could adversely affect our results of operations and cash flows. U.S. tariff increases on imports of steel, aluminum, and derivative products worldwide may impact our costs and profitability. Additionally, the imposition of high tariffs on products from China, as well as varying levels of tariffs on products from India and Vietnam could have an unfavorable impact on our supply chain diversification plans. Further, should our current suppliers be unable to provide the necessary raw materials or components or otherwise fail to deliver materials and components timely and, in the quantities required, as a result of global trade policies or other reasons, resulting delays in the provision of products or services to our customers could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and cash flows. In addition, our results of operations may be adversely affected by further rising costs to the extent we are unable to partially recoup them from our customers. There is no assurance that we will be able to continue to purchase and move these materials on a timely basis or at commercially viable prices, nor can we be certain of the impact of changes to tariffs, litigation related to tariffs and future legislation that may impact trade with China or other countries. Further, unexpected changes in the size of regional and/or product markets, particularly for short lead‑time products, could affect our results of operations and cash flows.

We design, manufacture, sell, rent and install equipment that is used in oil and gas E&P activities, which may subject us to liability, including claims for personal injury, property damage and environmental contamination should such equipment fail to perform to specifications.

We provide products and systems to customers involved in oil and gas exploration, development and production. Some of our equipment is designed to operate in high‑temperature and/or high‑pressure environments, and some equipment is designed for use in hydraulic fracturing operations. We also provide parts, repair services and field services associated with installation at all our facilities and service centers in the United States and Australia, as well as at customer sites, including sites in the Middle East. Because of applications to which our products and services are exposed, particularly those involving high pressure environments, a failure of such equipment, or a failure of our customers to maintain or operate the equipment properly, could cause damage to the equipment, damage to the property of customers and others, personal injury and environmental contamination and could lead to a variety of claims against us that could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and cash flows.

We indemnify our customers against certain claims and liabilities resulting or arising from our provision of goods or services to them. In addition, we rely on customer indemnifications, generally, and third‑party insurance as part of our risk mitigation strategy. However, courts may limit indemnity claims and our insurance may not be adequate to cover our liabilities. In addition, our customers may be unable to satisfy indemnification claims against them. Further, insurance companies may refuse to honor their policies, or insurance may not generally be available in the future, or if available, premiums may not be commercially justifiable. We could incur substantial liabilities and damages that are either not covered by customer indemnities or insurance or that are in excess of policy limits, or incur liability at a time when we are not able to obtain liability insurance. Such potential liabilities could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and cash flows.

Our customers require us to be licensed or approved by industry groups such as the American Petroleum Institute ("API") and the International Organization for Standardization ("ISO"). The failure to obtain and maintain such licenses and/or approvals could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

We currently hold licenses from API and ISO that are required by our customers. Maintaining those licenses are subject to continually meeting the standards required for those licenses, including periodic audit by the applicable organization. If we are not able to continue to hold such licenses and/or approvals, we could potentially no longer be able to provide goods and services to many of our customers.

Our operations are subject to hazards inherent in the oil and natural gas industry, which could expose us to substantial liability and cause us to lose customers and substantial revenue.

Risks inherent in our industry include the risks of equipment defects, installation errors, the presence of multiple contractors at the wellsite over which we have no control, vehicle accidents, fires, explosions, blowouts, surface cratering, uncontrollable flows of gas or well fluids, pipe or pipeline failures, abnormally pressured formations and various environmental hazards such as oil spills and releases of, and exposure to, hazardous substances. For example, our operations are subject to risks associated with hydraulic fracturing, including any mishandling, surface spillage or potential underground migration of fracturing fluids, including chemical additives. The occurrence of any of these events could result in substantial losses to us due to injury or loss of life, severe damage to or destruction of property, natural resources and equipment, pollution or other environmental damage, clean‑up responsibilities, regulatory investigations and penalties, suspension of operations and repairs required to resume operations. The cost of managing such risks may be significant. The frequency and severity of such incidents will affect operating costs, insurability and relationships with customers, employees and regulators. In particular, our customers may elect not to purchase our products or services if they view our environmental or safety record as unacceptable, which could cause us to lose customers and substantial revenues, leading to a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and cash flows.

Oilfield anti-indemnity provisions enacted by many states may restrict or prohibit a party’s indemnification of us.

We typically enter into agreements with our customers governing the provision of our services, which usually include certain indemnification provisions for losses resulting from operations. Such agreements may require each party to indemnify the other against certain claims regardless of the negligence or other fault of the indemnified party; however, many states place limitations on contractual indemnity agreements, particularly agreements that indemnify a party against the consequences of its own negligence. Furthermore, certain states, including Louisiana, New Mexico, Texas, and Wyoming, have enacted statutes generally referred to as “oilfield anti-indemnity acts” expressly prohibiting certain indemnity agreements contained in or related to oilfield services agreements. Such oilfield anti-indemnity acts may restrict or void a party’s indemnification of us, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and cash flows.

Our operations require us to comply with various domestic and international regulations, violations of which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

We are exposed to a variety of federal, state, local and international laws and regulations relating to matters such as environmental, workplace, health and safety, labor and employment, customs and tariffs, export and re-export controls, economic sanctions, currency exchange, bribery and corruption and taxation. These laws and regulations are complex, frequently change and have tended to become more stringent over time. They may be adopted, enacted, amended, enforced or interpreted in such a manner that the incremental cost of compliance could adversely impact our business, results of operations and cash flows.

In addition to our U.S. operations, we have operations in, among other countries, China, Australia, Canada, Vietnam and the Middle East. Our operations outside of the United States require us to comply with numerous anti‑bribery and anti‑corruption regulations. The U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, among others, applies to us and our operations. Our policies, procedures and programs may not always protect us from reckless or criminal acts committed by our associates or agents, and severe criminal or civil sanctions may be imposed as a result of violations of these laws. We are also subject to the risks that our associates and agents outside of the United States may fail to comply with applicable laws.

In addition, we import raw materials, semi‑finished goods, and finished products into, among other countries, the United States, China, Australia, Canada, Vietnam, India and the Middle East for use in such countries or for manufacturing and/or finishing for re‑export and import into another country for use or further integration into equipment or systems. Most movement of raw materials, semi‑finished or finished products involves imports and exports. As a result, compliance with multiple trade sanctions, embargoes and import/export laws and regulations pose an ongoing challenge and risk to us since a portion of our business is conducted outside of the United States through our subsidiaries. Our failure to comply with these laws and regulations could materially affect our business, results of operations and cash flows.

Compliance with environmental laws and regulations may adversely affect our business and results of operations.

Environmental laws and regulations in the United States and foreign countries affect the equipment, systems and services we design, market and sell, as well as the facilities where we manufacture and produce our equipment and systems. For example, we may be affected by such laws as the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, the Clean Water Act, the Clean Air Act and the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970. Further, our customers may be subject to a range of laws and regulations governing hydraulic fracturing, drilling and greenhouse gas emissions.

We are required to invest financial and managerial resources to comply with environmental laws and regulations. Failure to comply with these laws and regulations may result in the assessment of administrative, civil and criminal penalties, the imposition of remedial obligations, or the issuance of orders enjoining operations. These laws and regulations, as well as the adoption of other new laws and regulations affecting our operations or the exploration, production and transportation of crude oil and natural gas by our customers, could adversely affect our business and operating results by increasing our costs of compliance, increasing the costs of compliance and costs of doing business for our customers, limiting the demand for our products and services or restricting our operations. Increased regulation or a move away from the use of fossil fuels caused by additional regulation could also reduce demand for our products and services, leading to a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and cash flows.

Existing or future laws and regulations related to greenhouse gases and climate change and related public and governmental initiatives and additional compliance obligations could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, prospects, and financial condition.

Changes in environmental requirements related to greenhouse gas emissions may negatively impact demand for our products and services. Oil and natural gas E&P activity may decline as a result of environmental requirements, including land use policies and other actions to restrict oil and gas leasing and permitting in response to environmental and climate change concerns. Federal, state, and local agencies continue to evaluate climate-related legislation and other regulatory initiatives that would restrict emissions of greenhouse gases in areas in which we conduct business. Because our business depends on the level of activity in the oil and natural gas industry, existing or future laws and regulations related to greenhouse gases could have a negative impact on our business if such laws or regulations reduce demand for oil and natural gas. Likewise, such laws or regulations may result in additional compliance obligations with respect to the release, capture, sequestration, and use of greenhouse gases. These additional obligations could increase our costs and have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, prospects, and financial condition. Additional compliance obligations could also increase costs of compliance and costs of doing business for our customers, thereby reducing demand for our products and services. Finally, increased frequency and severity of storms, droughts, floods, wildfires and other climatic events could have an adverse impact on our operations.

Many of our customers utilize hydraulic fracturing in their operations. Environmental concerns have been raised regarding the potential impact of hydraulic fracturing on underground water supplies and seismic activity. These concerns have led to several regulatory and governmental initiatives in the United States to restrict the hydraulic fracturing process, which could have an adverse impact on our customers’ completions or production activities. Although we do not conduct hydraulic fracturing, our products are used in hydraulic fracturing. Increased regulation and attention given to the hydraulic fracturing process could lead to greater opposition to oil and gas production activities using hydraulic fracturing techniques. Since 2021, the Texas Railroad Commission, which regulates the state’s oil and gas industry, has suspended the use of deep wastewater disposal wells in certain areas of four oil-producing counties in West Texas. The suspensions are intended to mitigate earthquakes thought to be caused by the injection of waste fluids, including saltwater, that are a byproduct of hydraulic fracturing into disposal wells. The bans require oil and gas production companies to find other options to handle the wastewater, which may include piping or trucking it longer distances to other locations not under the ban. In addition, the Texas Railroad Commission has overseen the development of well-operator-led response plans to reduce injection volumes in other portions of West Texas to reduce seismicity in these areas. The adoption of new laws or regulations at the federal, state, local or foreign level imposing reporting obligations on, or otherwise limiting, delaying or banning, the hydraulic fracturing process or other processes on which hydraulic fracturing and subsequent hydrocarbon production relies, such as water disposal, could make it more difficult to complete oil and natural gas wells. Further, it could increase our customers’ costs of compliance and doing business, and otherwise adversely affect the hydraulic fracturing services they perform, which could negatively impact demand for our products, leading to a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and cash flows.

Increasing attention by the public and government agencies to climate change and environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) matters could also negatively impact demand for our products and services. Increasing attention is being given to corporate activities related to ESG in public discourse and the investment community. A number of advocacy groups, both domestically and internationally, have campaigned for governmental and private action to promote change at public companies related to ESG matters, including through the investment and voting practices of investment advisers, public pension funds, universities and other members of the investing community. These activities include increasing attention and demands for action related to climate change and energy rebalancing matters, such as promoting the use of substitutes to fossil fuel products and encouraging the divestment of fossil fuel equities, as well as pressuring lenders and other financial services companies to limit or curtail activities with fossil fuel companies. If this were to continue, it could have a material adverse effect on the valuation of our Class A common stock and our ability to access equity capital markets.

In addition, our business could be impacted by initiatives to address greenhouse gases and climate change and public pressure to conserve energy or use alternative energy sources. State or federal initiatives to incentivize a shift away from fossil fuels could also reduce demand for hydrocarbons. Early in 2025, President Trump signed executive orders that, among other things, directed federal executive departments and agencies to initiate a regulatory freeze for certain rules, called upon the Environmental Protection Agency (the “EPA”) to submit a report on the continuing applicability of its endangerment finding for GHGs under the Clean Air Act and issue guidance on the “social cost of carbon” to consider whether such metric should be eliminated, and paused the disbursement of funds appropriated through the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 and the Infrastructure Investments and Jobs Act. Additionally, on February 12, 2026, the EPA finalized its rescission of the 2009 Greenhouse Gas Endangerment Finding regarding greenhouse gas and all federal greenhouse gas emissions standards for vehicles and engines. However, future presidential administrations may pursue executive orders or rulemaking that would increase the amount of regulation.

The global outbreak of COVID-19 had, and similar pandemics in the future may have, an adverse impact on our business and operations.

The COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected our revenues and operations. We experienced, and if another pandemic was to occur, we may experience in the future, slowdowns or temporary idling of certain of our manufacturing and service facilities due to a number of factors, including implementing additional safety measures, testing of our team members, team member absenteeism and governmental orders. A prolonged closure could have a material adverse impact on our ability to operate our business and on our results of operations. We have also experienced, and if another pandemic was to occur, we could experience, disruption and volatility in our supply chain, which has resulted, and may continue to result, in increased costs for certain goods. Outbreaks of other pandemics or contagious diseases may in the future disrupt our operations, suppliers or facilities, result in increased costs for certain goods or otherwise impact us in a manner similar to the COVID-19 pandemic.

The ongoing conflicts in various parts of the world may affect our business and results of operations.

The ongoing conflicts in Venezuela, Iran, Ukraine and other countries in the Middle East could have effects on global macroeconomic conditions which could impact our business and results of operations. The conflicts are highly unpredictable and have resulted in volatility with oil and natural gas prices worldwide. Elevated energy prices could result in higher inflation worldwide, causing economic uncertainty in the oil and natural gas markets as well as the stock market, resulting in stock price volatility, foreign currency fluctuations and supply chain disruptions. These conditions could ultimately dampen demand for our goods and services by increasing the possibility of a recession. In addition, the conflicts could lead to increased cyberattacks or could aggravate other risk factors that we identify in our public filings. Additional conflicts in other parts of the world could have similar negative impacts on our business.

Risks Related to Our Class A Common Stock

We are a holding company whose only material asset is our equity interest in Cactus Companies, and accordingly, we are dependent upon distributions from Cactus Companies to pay taxes, make payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement ("TRA") and cover our corporate and other overhead expenses and pay dividends to holders of our Class A Common Stock.

We are a holding company and have no material assets other than our equity interest in Cactus Companies. We have no independent means of generating revenue. To the extent Cactus Companies has available cash and subject to the terms of any current or future credit agreements or debt instruments, we intend to cause Cactus Companies to make (i) pro rata distributions to its unit holders, including us, in an amount at least sufficient to allow us to pay our taxes and to make payments under the TRA and (ii) non‑pro rata payments to us to reimburse us for our corporate and other overhead expenses. To the extent that we need funds and Cactus Companies or its subsidiaries are restricted from making such distributions or payments under applicable law or regulation or under the terms of any future financing arrangements, or are otherwise unable to provide such funds, our financial condition and liquidity could be materially adversely affected. In addition, our ability to pay dividends to holders of our Class A common stock depends on receipt of distributions from Cactus Companies.

Moreover, because we have no independent means of generating revenue, our ability to make payments under the TRA is dependent on the ability of Cactus Companies to make distributions to us in an amount sufficient to cover our obligations under the TRA. This ability, in turn, may depend on the ability of Cactus Companies’ subsidiaries to make distributions to it. The ability of Cactus Companies and its subsidiaries to make such distributions will be subject to, among other things, (i) the applicable provisions of Delaware law (or other applicable U.S. and foreign jurisdictions) that may limit the amount of funds available for distribution and (ii) restrictions in relevant debt instruments issued by Cactus Companies or its subsidiaries. To the extent that we are unable to make payments under the TRA for any reason, such payments will be deferred and will accrue interest until paid.

Cactus WH Enterprises has the ability to direct the voting of a significant percentage of the voting power of our common stock, and its interests may conflict with those of our other shareholders.

Holders of Class A common stock and Class B common stock vote together as a single class on all matters presented to our stockholders for their vote or approval, except as otherwise required by applicable law or our amended and restated certificate of incorporation. Cactus WH Enterprises owned approximately 12.1% of our voting power as of December 31, 2025. This concentration of ownership may limit stockholders’ ability to affect the way we are managed or the direction of our business. The interests of Cactus WH Enterprises with respect to matters potentially or actually involving or affecting us, such as future acquisitions, financings and other corporate opportunities and attempts to acquire us, may conflict with the interests of our other stockholders. The existence of significant stockholders may have the effect of deterring hostile takeovers, delaying or preventing changes in control or changes in management or limiting the ability of our other stockholders to approve transactions that they may deem to be in our best interests. Cactus WH Enterprises’ concentration of stock ownership may also adversely affect the trading price of our Class A common stock to the extent investors perceive a disadvantage in owning stock of a company with significant stockholders.

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws, as well as Delaware law, contain provisions that could discourage acquisition bids or merger proposals, which may adversely affect the market price of our Class A common stock.

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation authorizes our board of directors to issue preferred stock without shareholder approval. If our board of directors elects to issue preferred stock, it could be more difficult for a third party to acquire us. In addition, some provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire control of us, even if the change of control would be beneficial to our shareholders, including:

• limitations on the removal of directors, including a classified board whereby only one-third of the directors are elected each year, which will be phased out by 2027;
• limitations on the ability of our shareholders to call special meetings;
• providing that the board of directors is expressly authorized to adopt, or to alter or repeal our bylaws; and
• establishing advance notice and certain information requirements for nominations for election to our board of directors or for proposing matters that can be acted upon by shareholders at shareholder meetings.

In addition, certain change of control events have the effect of accelerating the payment due under the TRA, which could be substantial and accordingly serve as a disincentive to a potential acquirer of our company.

Future sales of our Class A common stock in the public market, or the perception that such sales may occur, could reduce our stock price, and any additional capital raised by us through the sale of equity or convertible securities may dilute your ownership in us.

Subject to certain limitations and exceptions, the CC Unit Holders may cause Cactus Companies to redeem their CC Units for shares of Class A common stock (on a one‑for‑one basis, subject to conversion rate adjustments for stock splits, stock dividends and reclassification and other similar transactions) and then sell those shares of Class A common stock. Additionally, we may issue additional shares of Class A common stock or convertible securities in subsequent public offerings. We had 68,899,841 outstanding shares of Class A common stock and 10,958,435 outstanding shares of Class B common stock as of February 25, 2026. The CC Unit Holders own all outstanding shares of our Class B common stock, representing approximately 13.7% of our total outstanding common stock.

As required pursuant to the terms of the registration rights agreement that we entered into at the time of our IPO, we have filed a registration statement on Form S-3 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, to permit the public resale of shares of Class A common stock owned by Cactus WH Enterprises, Lee Boquet and certain members of our board of directors.

We cannot predict the size of future issuances of our Class A common stock or securities convertible into Class A common stock or the effect, if any, that future issuances and sales of shares of our Class A common stock will have on the market price of our Class A common stock.

Sales of substantial amounts of our Class A common stock (including shares issued in connection with an acquisition) or secondary offerings, or the perception that such sales could occur, may adversely affect prevailing market prices of our Class A common stock.

Cactus Inc. will be required to make payments under the TRA for certain tax benefits that we may claim, and the amounts of such payments could be significant.

In connection with our IPO, we entered into the TRA with certain direct and indirect owners of Cactus LLC (the “TRA Holders”). Following completion of the CC Reorganization, the TRA Holders are certain direct and indirect owners of Cactus Companies and prior direct and indirect owners of Cactus LLC. This agreement generally provides for the payment by Cactus Inc. to each TRA Holder of 85% of the net cash savings, if any, in U.S. federal, state and local income tax and franchise tax that Cactus Inc. actually realizes or is deemed to realize in certain circumstances as a result of certain increases in tax basis and certain benefits attributable to imputed interest. Cactus Inc. will retain the benefit of the remaining 15% of these net cash savings.

The term of the TRA will continue until all tax benefits that are subject to the TRA have been utilized or expired, unless we exercise our right to terminate the TRA (or the TRA is terminated due to other circumstances, including our breach of a material obligation thereunder or certain mergers or other changes of control relating to Cactus Companies), and we make the termination payment specified in the TRA. In addition, payments we make under the TRA will be increased by any interest accrued from the due date (without extensions) of the corresponding tax return. Payments under the TRA commenced in 2019, and in the event that the TRA is not terminated, the payments under the TRA are anticipated to continue for approximately 20 years after the date of the last redemption of CC Units.

The payment obligations under the TRA are our obligations and not obligations of Cactus Companies, and we expect that the payments we will be required to make under the TRA will be substantial. Estimating the amount and timing of payments that may become due under the TRA is by its nature imprecise. For purposes of the TRA, cash savings in tax generally are calculated by comparing our actual tax liability (determined by using the actual applicable U.S. federal income tax rate and an assumed combined state and local income tax rate) to the amount we would have been required to pay had we not been able to utilize any of the tax benefits subject to the TRA. The amounts payable, as well as the timing of any payments under the TRA, are dependent upon significant future events and assumptions, including the timing of the redemption of CC Units, the price of our Class A common stock at the time of each redemption, the extent to which such redemptions are taxable transactions, the amount of the redeeming unit holder’s tax basis in its CC Units at the time of the relevant redemption, the depreciation and amortization periods that apply to the increase in tax basis, the amount and timing of taxable income we generate in the future and the U.S. federal income tax rates then applicable, and the portion of our payments under the TRA that constitute imputed interest or give rise to depreciable or amortizable tax basis. The payments under the TRA are not conditioned upon a holder of rights under the TRA having a continued ownership interest in us.

In certain cases, payments under the TRA may be accelerated and/or significantly exceed the actual benefits, if any, we realize in respect of the tax attributes subject to the TRA.

If we elect to terminate the TRA early or it is terminated early due to Cactus Inc.’s failure to honor a material obligation thereunder or due to certain mergers or other changes of control, our obligations under the TRA would accelerate and we would be required to make an immediate payment equal to the present value of the anticipated future payments to be made by us under the TRA (determined by applying a discount rate equivalent to the 30-day SOFR plus 221.5 basis points) and such payment is expected to be substantial. The calculation of anticipated future payments will be based upon certain assumptions and deemed events set forth in the TRA, including (i) the assumption that we have sufficient taxable income to fully utilize the tax benefits covered by the TRA and (ii) the assumption that any CC Units (other than those held by Cactus Inc.) outstanding on the termination date are deemed to be redeemed on the termination date. Any early termination payment may be made significantly in advance of the actual realization, if any, of the future tax benefits to which the termination payment relates.

As a result of either an early termination or a change of control, we could be required to make payments under the TRA that exceed our actual cash tax savings under the TRA. In these situations, our obligations under the TRA could have a substantial negative impact on our liquidity and could have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing certain mergers, asset sales, or other forms of business combinations or changes of control. If the TRA were terminated as of December 31, 2025, the estimated termination payments, based on the assumptions discussed above, would have been approximately $251.2 million (calculated using a discount rate equal to the 12-month term SOFR published by CME Group Benchmark Administration Limited, plus 221.5 basis points, applied against an undiscounted liability of approximately $348.4 million). The foregoing number is merely an estimate and the actual payment could differ materially. There can be no assurance that we will be able to finance our obligations under the TRA.

Payments under the TRA are based on the tax reporting positions that we will determine. The TRA Holders will not reimburse us for any payments previously made under the TRA if any tax benefits that have given rise to payments under the TRA are subsequently disallowed, except that excess payments made to any TRA Holder will be netted against payments that would otherwise be made to such TRA Holder, if any, after our determination of such excess. As a result, in some circumstances, we could make payments that are greater than our actual cash tax savings, if any, and may not be able to recoup those payments, which could adversely affect our liquidity.

If Cactus Companies were to become a publicly traded partnership taxable as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we and Cactus Companies might be subject to potentially significant tax inefficiencies, and we would not be able to recover payments previously made by us under the TRA even if the corresponding tax benefits were subsequently determined to have been unavailable due to such status.

We intend to operate such that Cactus Companies does not become a publicly traded partnership taxable as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes. A “publicly traded partnership” is a partnership the interests of which are traded on an established securities market or are readily tradable on a secondary market or the substantial equivalent thereof. Under certain circumstances, redemptions of CC Units pursuant to the Redemption Right or our Call Right (each as defined in Note 12 in the notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements) or other transfers of CC Units could cause Cactus Companies to be treated as a publicly traded partnership. Applicable U.S. Treasury regulations provide for certain safe harbors from treatment as a publicly traded partnership, and we intend to operate such that one or more such safe harbors shall apply. For example, we intend to limit the number of unit holders of Cactus Companies, and the Cactus Companies LLC Agreement, which was entered into with Cactus LLC in connection with the closing of our IPO and amended as part of the CC Reorganization, provides for limitations on the ability of CC Unit Holders to transfer their CC Units and provides us, as managing member of Cactus Companies, with the right to impose restrictions (in addition to those already in place) on the ability of unit holders of Cactus Companies to redeem their CC Units pursuant to the Redemption Right to the extent we believe it is necessary to ensure that Cactus Companies will continue to be treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

If Cactus Companies were to become a publicly traded partnership, significant tax inefficiencies might result for us and for Cactus Companies, including inefficiencies as a result of our inability to file a consolidated U.S. federal income tax return with Cactus Companies. In addition, we would no longer have the benefit of certain increases in tax basis covered under the TRA, and we would not be able to recover any payments previously made by us under the TRA, even if the corresponding tax benefits (including any claimed increase in the tax basis of Cactus Companies’ assets) were subsequently determined to have been unavailable.

General Risks

A failure of our information technology infrastructure and cyberattacks could adversely impact us.

We depend on our information technology (“IT”) systems for the efficient operation of our business. Accordingly, we rely upon the capacity, reliability and security of our IT hardware and software infrastructure and our ability to expand and update this infrastructure in response to our changing needs. Despite our implementation of security measures, our systems may be vulnerable to damage from computer viruses, natural disasters, incursions by intruders or hackers, failures in hardware or software, power fluctuations, cyber terrorists and other similar disruptions. Additionally, we rely on third parties to support the operation of our IT hardware and software infrastructure, and in certain instances, utilize web‑based applications. The failure of our IT systems or those of our vendors to perform as anticipated for any reason or any significant breach of security could disrupt our business and result in numerous adverse consequences, including reduced effectiveness and efficiency of operations, inappropriate disclosure of confidential and proprietary information, reputational harm, increased overhead costs and loss of important information, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations and cash flows. In addition, we may be required to incur significant costs to protect against damage caused by these disruptions or security breaches in the future.

We rely on our information systems to conduct our business, and failure to protect these systems against security breaches could disrupt our business and adversely affect our results of operations.

We rely on IT systems and networks in our operations, and those of our third-party vendors, suppliers and other business partners. Despite our implementation of security measures, our systems may be vulnerable to damage from computer viruses, natural disasters, incursions by intruders or hackers, failures in hardware or software, power fluctuations, cyber terrorists and other similar disruptions. A successful cyber-attack could materially disrupt our operations or lead to unauthorized access, release or alteration of information on our systems or the systems of our service providers, vendors or customers.

Any such attack or other breach of our IT systems—or those of our third-party service providers, suppliers or other business partners—could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial condition, our reputation or cash flows. In addition, the unavailability of the information systems or the failure of these systems to perform as anticipated, including any failure in disaster recovery plans or data backups, for us or our third-party technical managers for any reason could disrupt our business. We may be required to incur significant additional costs to remediate, modify or enhance our information technology systems or to try to prevent any such attacks.

Finally, certain cyber incidents, such as surveillance or reconnaissance, may remain undetected for an extended period. Our systems for protecting against cybersecurity risks may not be sufficient. As cyberattacks continue to evolve, including those leveraging artificial intelligence, we may be required to expend significant additional resources to continue to modify or enhance our protective measures or to investigate and remediate any vulnerabilities to cyberattacks. In addition, new laws and regulations governing data privacy, cybersecurity, and the unauthorized disclosure of confidential information pose increasingly complex compliance challenges and potentially elevate costs, and any failure to comply with these laws and regulations could result in significant penalties and legal liability.

Our business is subject to complex and evolving laws and regulations regarding privacy and data protection (“data protection laws”).

The regulatory environment relating to data privacy and protection is constantly evolving and can be subject to significant change. Laws and regulations governing data privacy and the unauthorized collection, processing or disclosure of personal information, including a growing number of U.S. state laws and regulations, such as the California Consumer Privacy Act, pose increasingly complex compliance challenges and potentially elevate our costs. Any failure, or perceived failure, by us to comply with applicable data protection laws could result in proceedings or actions against us by governmental entities or others, subject us to significant fines, penalties, judgments and negative publicity, require us to change our business practices, increase the costs and complexity of compliance, and adversely affect our business. As noted above, we are also subject to the possibility of cyber-attacks, which themselves may result in a violation of these laws. Finally, if we acquire a company that has violated or is not in compliance with applicable data protection laws, we may incur significant liabilities and penalties as a result.

Holders of our Class A common stock may not receive dividends on their Class A common stock.

Holders of our Class A common stock are entitled to receive only such dividends as our Board of Directors may declare out of funds legally available for such payments. We are incorporated in Delaware and are governed by the Delaware General Corporation Law (“DGCL”). The DGCL allows a corporation to pay dividends only out of a surplus, as determined under Delaware law or, if there is no surplus, out of net profits for the fiscal year in which the dividend was declared and for the preceding fiscal year. Under the DGCL, however, we cannot pay dividends out of net profits if, after we pay the dividend, our capital would be less than the capital represented by the outstanding stock of all classes having a preference upon the distribution of assets. We are not required to pay a dividend, and any determination to pay dividends and other distributions in cash, stock or property by us in the future (including determinations as to the amount of any such dividend or distribution) will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will be dependent on then-existing conditions, including business conditions, our financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, capital requirements, contractual restrictions, including restrictive covenants contained in debt agreements, and other factors.

If we are unable to fully protect our intellectual property rights or trade secrets or a third party attempts to enforce their intellectual property rights against us, we may suffer a loss in revenue or any competitive advantage or market share we hold, or we may incur costs in litigation defending intellectual property rights.

While we have several patents and others are pending, we do not have patents relating to all of our key processes and technology. If we are not able to maintain the confidentiality of our trade secrets, or if our competitors are able to replicate our technology or services, our competitive advantage could be diminished. We also cannot provide any assurance that any patents we may obtain in the future would provide us with any significant commercial benefit or would allow us to prevent our competitors from employing comparable technologies or processes. We may initiate litigation from time to time to protect and enforce our intellectual property rights. In any such litigation, a defendant may assert that our intellectual property rights are invalid or unenforceable. Third parties from time to time may also initiate litigation against us by asserting that our businesses infringe, impair, misappropriate, dilute or otherwise violate another party’s intellectual property rights. We may not prevail in any such litigation, and our intellectual property rights may be found invalid or unenforceable or our products and services may be found to infringe, impair, misappropriate, dilute or otherwise violate the intellectual property rights of others. The results or costs of any such litigation may have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. Any litigation concerning intellectual property could be protracted and costly, is inherently unpredictable and could have an adverse effect on our business, regardless of its outcome.

Risks Related to the Joint Venture and the Baker Hughes Transaction

We may not realize the anticipated benefits from the Baker Hughes Transaction, and the Baker Hughes Transaction could adversely impact our business and our operating results.

We may not be able to achieve the full potential strategic and financial benefits that we expect to achieve from the Baker Hughes Transaction, or such benefits may be delayed or not occur at all. We may not achieve the anticipated benefits from the Baker Hughes Transaction for a variety of reasons, including, among others, unanticipated costs, charges and expenses. For example, the capital needs of the Joint Venture may exceed our current expectations. In addition, we may not achieve the anticipated unrealized benefits of operational initiatives being, and expected to be, taken with respect to the Joint Venture. If we fail to achieve some or all of the benefits expected to result from the Baker Hughes Transaction, or if such benefits are delayed, our business could be harmed.

We may experience difficulties in integrating the operations of the Joint Venture into our business.

The success of the Baker Hughes Transaction depends in part on our ability to successfully integrate the operations of the Joint Venture into our business. The integration process could take longer than anticipated and could result in the loss of key employees from the Company and/or the Joint Venture, the disruption of the Company’s and/or the Joint Venture’s ongoing businesses, tax costs or inefficiencies, or inconsistencies in standards, controls, information technology systems, procedures or policies, any of which could adversely affect our ability to maintain relationships with customers, employees or other third parties, or our ability to achieve the anticipated benefits of the Baker Hughes Transaction, and could harm our financial performance. Prior to the Baker Hughes Transaction, we did not have any significant infrastructure in most of the countries where the Joint Venture is doing business. As a result, Baker Hughes Company is providing the Joint Venture with limited transition services. If Baker Hughes Company fails to continue providing these transition services, or if we are unable to successfully or timely integrate and support the operations of the Joint Venture, we may incur unanticipated liabilities and be unable to realize the revenue growth, synergies and other anticipated benefits resulting from the Baker Hughes Transaction, and our business, results of operations and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected.

We may be required to acquire Baker Hughes Company’s interests in the Joint Venture.

Generally beginning on January 1, 2028, the Baker Member has the right to sell to either the Joint Venture or the Cactus Member, and the Joint Venture or the Cactus Member, as applicable, shall be obligated to purchase all of the Membership Interests held by Baker Hughes Company (the “Put Right”). The purchase price (the “Exit Price”) will be based on an enterprise value of the Joint Venture using a multiple of six times its TTM Adjusted EBITDA (as defined and calculated in the Joint Venture LLC Agreement), subject to a maximum valuation of $660.0 million. If the Baker Member exercises the Put Right, we may not have sufficient liquidity to fund the Exit Price. We may be required to access external financing, and we may be unable to do so on favorable terms, or at all. Accordingly, our obligation to fund the Exit Price may adversely affect our liquidity and cause us to enter into financing arrangements with terms that are unfavorable to us.

The Joint Venture LLC Agreement restricts certain of our or the Joint Venture’s actions.

For so long as Baker Hughes Company owns interests in the Joint Venture, we must, subject to certain exceptions, cause the Joint Venture to operate its business in the ordinary course consistent with past practice and not take certain actions that could reasonably be expected to reduce the Exit Price. Certain significant actions of the Joint Venture require the approval of Baker Hughes Company. Such restrictions may limit the ability of the Joint Venture to take actions that we believe to be beneficial to our business, results of operations and financial condition, or those of the Joint Venture. It is possible that disputes arise between us and Baker Hughes Company concerning our operation of the Joint Venture and such disputes could adversely affect our business and financial performance.

Our agreement with Baker Hughes Company significantly restricts our ability to transfer our interests in the Joint Venture. These transfer restrictions may limit our ability to dispose of our Membership Interests in the Joint Venture in ways which may be beneficial to our business, results of operations and financial condition.

For so long as Baker Hughes Company owns interests in the Joint Venture, we are required to conduct the surface pressure control business in the countries where the Acquired Business operated prior to our acquisition only through the Joint Venture, subject to certain exceptions. These restrictions mean that certain new opportunities will be directed to the Joint Venture and not us, which may reduce the direct benefit that we receive from such new opportunities.

The Joint Venture may have liabilities that are not known to us and the indemnities negotiated in the Framework Agreement may not offer adequate protection.

As part of the Baker Hughes Transaction, the Joint Venture assumed certain liabilities of the Acquired Business. There may be liabilities that we failed or were unable to discover in the course of performing due diligence investigations into the Acquired Business. We may also have not correctly assessed the significance of certain liabilities of the Acquired Business identified in the course of our due diligence. Any such liabilities, individually or in the aggregate, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. As we integrate the Joint Venture into our operations, we may learn additional information about the Joint Venture, such as unknown or contingent liabilities and issues relating to compliance with applicable laws, that could potentially have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We may not be able to enforce claims with respect to certain of the representations and warranties that Baker Hughes Holdings made in the Framework Agreement.

Under the Framework Agreement entered into by Cactus Companies, Baker Hughes Holdings and the Joint Venture on June 2, 2025 (the "Framework Agreement"), Baker Hughes Holdings gave customary representations and warranties related to the Acquired Business. We may not be able to enforce any claims against Baker Hughes Holdings or its affiliates relating to breaches of certain representations and warranties in the Framework Agreement, except in the case of fraud as provided in the Framework Agreement. Accordingly, the liability of these entities with respect to breaches of Baker Hughes Holdings’ representations and warranties under the Framework Agreement is limited. To provide for coverage against certain breaches by Baker Hughes Holdings of its representations and warranties in the Framework Agreement and certain pre-closing taxes of the Joint Venture, we have obtained a representation and warranty insurance policy. The policy is subject to a retention amount, exclusions, policy limits and certain other customary terms and conditions.

The Baker Hughes Transaction represents an expansion outside of our current geographic regions, and we may encounter new obstacles operating in different geographic regions.

Prior to the Baker Hughes Transaction, our operations historically focused on the United States. The Baker Hughes Transaction represents an expansion of our operations in the Middle East and other jurisdictions. Certain aspects related to operating in these new jurisdictions may not be as familiar to us as the jurisdictions in which we operated prior to the Baker Hughes Transaction. As a result, we may encounter obstacles that may cause us not to achieve the expected results of the Baker Hughes Transaction. These obstacles may include a less familiar and more volatile geopolitical landscape, new customers with whom we have no established relationship and just a small number of which account for the preponderance of the Joint Venture’s revenue, pressure from local governments to hire local associates, use local suppliers or to direct business to nationalized companies, unfamiliar operating conditions, and a distinct regulatory environment. Our future success will depend, in part, upon our ability to manage this expanded business, which may pose substantial challenges for management, including challenges related to the management and monitoring of new operations and jurisdictions and associated increased costs and complexity. We may also face increased scrutiny from governmental authorities as a result of the increase in the size of our business. Any adverse conditions, regulations or developments related to our expansion into or within these new jurisdictions may have a negative impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Risk Management and Strategy.

We depend on information systems and related technologies for internal purposes, including secure data storage, processing, and transmission, as well as in our interactions with our business associates, customers, and suppliers. We also rely on third-party business associates, with whom we may share data and services, to defend their digital technologies and services against attack.

Managing Material Risks & Integrated Overall Risk Management

We have integrated cybersecurity risk management into our broader risk management framework to promote a company-wide culture of cyber risk awareness. We depend on various controls, policies, procedures and programs (“Risk Controls”) to manage our risks, including risks associated with our information systems. Risks Assessment and Risk Controls are included as part of our annual enterprise risk management (“ERM”) program. Our risk controls include our administrative, physical, and technical controls (“Cyber Risk Controls”). We are dependent on our Cyber Risk Controls to protect our information systems and the data that resides on or is transmitted through them. The Cyber Risk Controls are in many cases integrated with our other Risk Controls in an attempt to maximize their effectiveness.

Engaging Third Parties on Risk Management

We collaborate with our clients, vendors and other third parties to develop information systems and protect against cybersecurity threats. We engage third-party security experts for risk assessments and program enhancements.

Managing Third Party Risk

There are risks associated with the use of vendors, service providers and other third parties that provide information system services to us, process information on our behalf, or have access to our information. We evaluate third-party service providers’ cybersecurity posture and seek to mitigate risk through contractual safeguards, monitoring, and incident response plans.

Risks from Cybersecurity Incidents

While we have experienced and will likely continue to experience varying degrees of cyber incidents in the normal conduct of our business, including attacks resulting from phishing emails and malware infections, those incidents have not materially affected the Company’s business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition. There can be no assurance that the systems we have designed to prevent or limit the effects of cyber incidents or attacks will be sufficient to prevent or detect future material consequences arising from incidents or attacks, or to avoid a material adverse impact on our systems after such incidents or attacks do occur. However, the Company does not currently anticipate that risks from cybersecurity threats are reasonably likely to materially affect the Company, including its business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition.

Governance.

Risk Management Personnel

Our Information Technology ("IT") Director of Cybersecurity and Networking has direct responsibility for assessing, monitoring and managing risks related to cybersecurity threats in conjunction with the Senior Vice President of IT and Chief Information Officer. Third party experts and/or consultants are retained to help identify, assess and monitor cybersecurity incidents and related risks. Our IT Director of Cybersecurity and Networking has been in that position with the Company since 2019 and, including prior experience, has significant experience in managing IT infrastructure, architecture and security. Our Senior Vice President of IT and Chief Information Officer joined the Company in 2025. Over his extensive career, he has developed substantial expertise in enterprise resource planning, infrastructure, applications, IT architecture and cyber security, including experience in areas closely aligned with the Company’s operations.

Monitoring Cybersecurity Risks and Incidents

Our IT Director of Cybersecurity and Networking meets regularly with members of our executive team to discuss and review risks related to cybersecurity. The reviews may include evaluations of risks and incidents identified by third-party providers retained to review our cyber risk as well as cybersecurity threat scenario planning. Identified risks related to cybersecurity threats may also be analyzed as part of our ERM process.

Board of Director Oversight

Our Audit Committee is responsible for oversight of our programs and procedures related to cybersecurity risk. Management provides periodic reports to the Audit Committee on cybersecurity risk. The Audit Committee reports significant findings from these reports to the full Board of Directors.

The following table sets forth information with respect to our current principal facilities as of December 31, 2025. We believe that our facilities are suitable and adequate for our current operations.

(1) Consists of various facilities adjacent to each other constituting our manufacturing facility, test and assembly facility, warehouse and service center.

(2) We also own land adjacent to these facilities.

(3) Corporate headquarters.

Due to the nature of our business, we are, from time to time, involved in routine litigation or subject to disputes or claims related to our business activities, including workers’ compensation claims and employment related disputes. For information concerning existing legal proceedings as of December 31, 2025, see Note 13 to our consolidated financial statements.

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the accompanying consolidated financial statements and related notes. The following discussion contains “forward-looking statements” that reflect our plans, estimates, beliefs and expected performance. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated as discussed in these forward-looking statements as a result of a variety of risks and uncertainties, including those described in “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and “Item 1A. Risk Factors” included elsewhere in this Annual Report, all of which are difficult to predict. In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the forward-looking events discussed may not occur. We assume no obligation to update any of these forward-looking statements except as otherwise required by law.

Market Factors

See “Item 1. Business” for information on our products and business. Demand for our products and services depends primarily upon oil and gas industry activity levels, including the number of active drilling rigs, the number of wells being drilled, the number of wells being completed and the volume of newly producing wells, among other factors. Oil and gas E&P activity is in turn heavily influenced by, among other factors, investor sentiment, availability of capital and oil and gas prices locally and worldwide, which have historically been volatile.

Revenues generated by our Pressure Control and Spoolable Technologies operating segments are derived from three sources: products, rentals, and field service and other. Product revenues are derived from the sale of wellhead systems, production trees and spoolable pipe and fittings. Rental revenues are primarily derived from the rental of equipment used during the completion process, the repair of such equipment and the rental of equipment or tools used to install wellhead equipment or spoolable pipe. Field service and other revenues are primarily earned when we provide installation and other field services for both product sales and equipment rental.

Pressure Control

The Pressure Control segment designs, manufactures, sells and rents a range of wellhead and pressure control equipment under the Cactus Wellhead brand. Products are sold and rented principally for onshore unconventional oil and gas wells and are utilized during the drilling, completion and production phases of our customers’ wells. In addition, we provide field services for all of our products and rental items to assist with the installation, maintenance and handling of the equipment.

We operate through service centers in the United States, which are strategically located in the key oil and gas producing regions, and in Eastern Australia. These service centers support our field services and provide equipment assembly and repair services. We also provide rental and service operations in the Middle East. Pressure Control manufacturing and production facilities are located in Bossier City, Louisiana, Suzhou, China and Hai Duong, Vietnam.

Demand for our product sales in the Pressure Control segment are driven primarily by the number of new wells drilled, as each new well requires a wellhead and, after the completion phase, a production tree. Demand for our rental items is driven primarily by the number of well completions as we rent frac trees to oil and gas operators to assist in hydraulic fracturing. Rental demand is also driven by drilling activity as we rent tools used in the installation of wellheads. Field service and other revenues are closely correlated with revenues from product sales and rentals, as items sold or rented almost always have an associated service component.

Spoolable Technologies

The Spoolable Technologies segment designs, manufactures and sells spoolable pipe and associated end fittings under the FlexSteel brand. Our customers use these products primarily as production, gathering and takeaway pipelines to transport oil, gas or other liquids. In addition, we also provide field services and rental items to assist our customers with the installation of these products. We support our field service operations through service centers and pipe yards located in oil and gas producing regions throughout the United States and Western Canada. Our manufacturing facility is located in Baytown, Texas.

Demand for our product sales in the Spoolable Technologies segment are driven primarily by the number of wells being placed into production after the completions phase as customers use our spoolable pipe and associated fittings to bring wells more rapidly onto production. Rental and field service and other revenues are closely correlated with revenues from product sales, as items sold usually have an associated rental and service component.

Seasonality

Our business experiences some seasonality during the fourth quarter due to holidays and customers managing their cash balances as the year closes out. These activities can lead to lower demand in our three revenue categories as well as lower margins, particularly in field services due to lower labor utilization.

Recent Developments and Trends

Oil and Natural Gas Prices

The following table summarizes average oil and natural gas prices in North America over the indicated periods as well as industry activity levels as reflected by the average number of active onshore drilling rigs during the same periods.

(1) U.S. Energy Information Administration (“EIA”) Cushing, OK WTI (“West Texas Intermediate”) spot price per barrel of crude oil.

(2) EIA Henry Hub Natural Gas spot price per million British Thermal Unit (“MMBtu”).

(3) Based on Baker Hughes rig count information.

Broad economic uncertainty, geopolitical uncertainty, and robust supply of crude oil relative to demand resulted in lower oil prices and U.S. drilling activity levels in 2025. Onshore U.S. drilling activity levels declined through the first half of 2025, resulting in the average number of U.S. land drilling rigs for 2025 to be 6% below 2024 levels. Average oil prices were down 15% from 2024 average levels. Conversely, optimism regarding the medium-to-long term outlook for natural gas demand strengthened as energy demands from artificial intelligence-associated infrastructure build out increased. Henry Hub natural gas prices increased approximately 61% in 2025 from 2024 with prices averaging $3.52 per MMBtu in 2025 compared to $2.19 per MMBtu in 2024. Natural gas-directed drilling activity favorably impacted industry activity levels, but not enough to offset weakness in oil-directed drilling activity. Ongoing conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East have had global repercussions on commodity prices and have resulted in increased market uncertainty and volatile equity and commodity pricing.

U.S. Trade Policies

Over the course of 2025, the Trump administration has implemented and announced a number of new tariffs, including new Section 232 tariffs of 50% on imports of steel and certain products made from steel from most countries outside of the U.S., and Synthetic Opioid tariffs on all imports from China. Threats and actual implementation of tariffs continue to cause much market and geopolitical uncertainty, as evidenced by the recently announced and then rescinded imposition of tariffs by the U.S. on imports from NATO allies opposed to U.S. intervention in Greenland. Tariff announcements have resulted in global equity, bond, and currency markets to experience heightened levels of volatility as market participants incorporate potential effects of supply chain disruption, inflation, and consumer demand into pricing models.

We are incurring, and expect to continue to incur, elevated tariff expenses on our goods imported from Vietnam and China, and experience generally higher steel input costs at our Bossier City manufacturing facility as a result of the broad Section 232 tariffs. Both tariffs and higher steel input costs have impacted profitability, although the impact has been partially mitigated by cost reduction efforts and increased pricing. The weaker oil demand and increased supply outlook and associated decline in commodity pricing has led and is likely to continue to lead to lower U.S. land drilling and completion activity levels in 2026 and correspondingly may reduce domestic demand for our products and services.

Pillar Two Framework

The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (“OECD”) has introduced a framework (“Pillar Two”) that provides for a new, global minimum tax of at least 15% on the income of large multinational corporations arising in each jurisdiction in which they operate. Pillar Two is being implemented on a country-by-country basis, and many countries have adopted rules in this regard. The United States has raised concerns regarding Pillar Two and has set out a proposed “side-by-side” solution under which U.S. parented groups (such as the Company) would be exempted from certain minimum taxes under Pillar Two in recognition of the existing U.S. minimum tax rules to which they are subject. On June 28, 2025, the Group of Seven issued a statement indicating that they agree that a side-by-side solution could preserve gains made by jurisdictions in tackling base erosion and profit shifting and provide clarity and stability in the international tax landscape. However, none of the OECD member states that have adopted Pillar Two have enacted rules necessary to implement the side-by-side solution. The Company continues to evaluate the impact of both Pillar Two and the proposed side-by-side solution and estimates the impacts to income tax expense to be immaterial.

2025 Tax Legislation

On July 4, 2025, tax legislation colloquially known as the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (“OBBBA”) was enacted. The OBBBA includes tax provisions such as the reinstatement of immediate deductibility of certain capital expenditures for tangible, depreciable personal property of domestic research and development expenditures. These provisions have the effect of accelerating tax deductions which, in turn, will reduce current tax expense with an offset to deferred tax expense. The Company continues to evaluate the impacts of this legislation but anticipates the impact to total income tax expense will be immaterial.

Consolidated Results of Operations

The following discussions relating to significant line items from our condensed consolidated statements of income are based on available information and represent our analysis of significant changes or events that impact the comparability of reported amounts. Where appropriate, we have identified specific events and changes that affect comparability or trends and, where reasonably practicable, have quantified the impact of such items.

We have two operating segments consisting of the Pressure Control segment and the Spoolable Technologies segment. Our results of operations are evaluated by the Chief Executive Officer on a consolidated basis as well as at the segment level. The performance of our operating segments is primarily evaluated based on segment operating income (in addition to other measures), which is defined as income before taxes and before interest income (expense), net, other income (expense), net and corporate and other expenses not allocated to the operating segments.

Year Ended December 31, 2025 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2024

The following table presents summary consolidated operating results for the periods indicated:

(in thousands)

nm = not meaningful

Pressure Control. Pressure Control revenue was $717.2 million for 2025, a decrease of $6.8 million, or 0.9%, from $724.0 million for 2024. The decrease in revenues was primarily due to reduced sales of wellhead and production related equipment resulting from lower drilling and completion activity by our customers following a decline in rig counts, offset by an increase in intersegment sales. Operating income of $189.9 million in 2025 resulted in a decrease of $20.8 million, or 9.9%, from $210.7 million in 2024. The decrease in operating income was primarily attributable to escalated tariff cost impacts on product margins, as well as increased legal expenses and reserves in connection with litigation claims.

Spoolable Technologies. Spoolable Technologies revenue of $368.2 million for 2025, represented a decrease of $38.8 million, or 9.5%, from $407.0 million for 2024, primarily due to reduced sales of spoolable pipe and associated end fittings resulting from lower domestic activity by our customers. Total operating income of $98.7 million for 2025, resulted in a decrease of $6.2 million, or 5.9%, from $104.9 million for 2024. Operating income for 2025 was reduced primarily due to lower sales volume. Operating income for 2024 included a non-recurring $16.3 million of expense related to the change in fair value of the earn‑out liability associated with the FlexSteel acquisition.

Corporate and other. Corporate and other revenue includes the elimination of inter-segment sales from our Pressure Control segment to our Spoolable Technologies segment. Corporate and other expenses include costs associated with executive management and other administrative functions not directly attributable to our reporting segments. Corporate and other expenses for 2025 were $38.0 million, an increase of $12.1 million from $26.0 million for 2024. The increase was largely attributable to professional fees associated with the Baker Hughes transaction.

Interest income, net. Interest income, net was $11.0 million in 2025 compared to $6.5 million in 2024. The increase in interest income, net of $4.5 million was primarily due to an increase in interest income earned on higher levels of cash invested during the period.

Other (expense) income, net. Other expense, net of $0.8 million in 2025, represented a decrease of $4.0 million, compared to other income, net of $3.2 million. The decrease primarily related to the revaluation of the liability related to the tax receivable agreement as a result of changes to the forecasted state tax rate.

Income tax expense. Income tax expense for 2025 was $59.0 million (22.6% effective tax rate) compared to $66.5 million (22.2% effective tax rate) for 2024. Income tax expense for 2025 includes $57.3 million of expense associated with current income, approximately $0.3 million of expense associated with permanent differences related to equity compensation, and approximately $1.4 million of expense associated with other adjustments. Income tax expense for 2024 includes approximately $66.5 million of expense associated with current income. Additionally, in 2024 we recognized $2.1 million of expense associated with the revaluation of our deferred tax asset as a result of a change in our forecasted state tax rate, a $2.1 million benefit related to the finalization of our 2023 tax returns, a $0.7 million benefit associated with permanent differences related to equity compensation and $0.7 million of expense associated with other adjustments. Partial valuation releases occur in conjunction with redemptions of CC Units as a portion of Cactus Inc.’s deferred tax assets from its investment in Cactus Companies becomes realizable. Cactus Inc. is only subject to federal and state income tax on its share of income from Cactus Companies. Income allocated to the non-controlling interest is only taxable to the non-controlling interest.

Year Ended December 31, 2024 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2023

The following table presents summary consolidated operating results for the periods indicated:

(in thousands)

nm = not meaningful

Pressure Control. Pressure Control revenue was $724.0 million for 2024, a decrease of $32.7 million, or 4.3%, from $756.7 million for 2023. The decrease in revenues was primarily due to decreased sales of wellhead and production related equipment resulting from lower drilling and completion activity by our customers. In addition, rental of drilling and completion equipment decreased as a result of the decline in customer activity. Operating income of $210.7 million in 2024 resulted in a decrease of $26.2 million, or 11.1%, from $236.9 million in 2023. The decrease was primarily attributable to lower gross margins during the period due to decreased customer activity levels and higher selling, general and administrative ("SG&A") expenses. The increase in SG&A expenses primarily related to higher personnel costs, stock-based compensation expense and other reserves, partially offset by a decrease in bad debt expense.

Spoolable Technologies. Spoolable Technologies revenue of $407.0 million for 2024, represented an increase of $66.8 million, or 19.6%, from $340.2 million for 2023 as results for 2023 only included ten months of revenues from the FlexSteel acquisition, which closed on February 28, 2023. Total operating income of $104.9 million for 2024, resulted in an increase of $42.7 million, or 68.7%, from $62.2 million for 2023 as results for 2023 only included ten months of revenues. Operating income for the 2024 included $16.3 million of expense related to the change in fair value of the earn-out liability for the FlexSteel acquisition and $16.0 million of intangible amortization. Operating income for 2023 included approximately $14.9 million of expense related to the change in fair value of the estimated earn-out liability, $23.5 million of inventory step-up expense and $20.3 million of intangible amortization expense, as well as depreciation expense of $13.8 million primarily associated with the step-up of fixed assets in connection with accounting for the purchased assets at fair value.

Corporate and other. Corporate and other revenue represents the elimination of inter-segment sales from our Pressure Control segment to our Spoolable Technologies segment. Corporate and other expenses include costs associated with executive management and other administrative functions not directly attributable to our reporting segments. Corporate and other expenses for 2024 were $26.0 million, a decrease of $8.8 million from $34.7 million for 2023. The decrease was largely attributable to lower professional fees related to transaction costs associated with growth initiatives, including the closing of and accounting for the FlexSteel acquisition in 2023.

Interest income (expense), net. Interest income, net was $6.5 million in 2024 compared to interest expense, net of $6.5 million in 2023. The increase in interest income, net of $12.9 million was primarily due to an increase in interest income earned on cash invested during the 2024 period. Interest expense in 2023 was primarily related to borrowings outstanding through July 2023 under the Amended ABL Credit Facility (the "Second Amended ABL Credit Facility") which were required to finance the FlexSteel acquisition.

Other income, net. Other income, net represents non-cash adjustments for the revaluation of the liability related to the tax receivable agreement as a result of changes to the forecasted state tax rate.

Income tax expense. Income tax expense for 2024 was $66.5 million (22.2% effective tax rate) compared to $47.5 million (18.1% effective tax rate) for 2023. Income tax expense for 2024 includes approximately $66.5 million of expense associated with current income. Additionally, in 2024 we recognized $2.1 million of expense associated with the revaluation of our deferred tax asset as a result of a change in our forecasted state tax rate, a $2.1 million benefit related to the finalization of our 2023 tax returns, a $0.7 million benefit associated with permanent differences related to equity compensation and $0.7 million of expense associated with other adjustments. Income tax expense for 2023 includes approximately $56.6 million of expense associated with current income offset by a $12.1 million benefit associated with the release of our valuation allowance previously provided for our investment in Cactus Companies based on the determination that the deferred tax asset was realizable due to our ability to generate sufficient taxable income of the appropriate type. Additionally in 2023, we recognized $4.9 million of expense associated with the revaluation of our deferred tax asset as a result of a change in our forecasted state tax rate, $0.5 million of expense related to the finalization of our 2022 tax returns, a $1.2 million benefit associated with permanent differences related to equity compensation and a $1.2 million benefit associated with other adjustments. Partial valuation releases occur in conjunction with redemptions of CC Units as a portion of Cactus Inc.’s deferred tax assets from its investment in Cactus Companies becomes realizable. Cactus Inc. is only subject to federal and state income tax on its share of income from Cactus Companies. Income allocated to the non-controlling interest is only taxable to the non-controlling interest.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

At December 31, 2025, we had $494.6 million of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, of which $123.6 million was available cash on hand. Restricted cash consisted of $371.0 million of cash held in an escrow account in connection with the Baker Hughes Transaction. In connection with the Baker Hughes Transaction, these funds were required to be placed in escrow and were restricted from use for any purpose other than funding the Baker Hughes Transaction consideration at closing. The escrowed funds were released on January 1, 2026, the acquisition closing date, at which point the restriction lapsed and the cash was released to Baker Hughes Company.

Our primary sources of liquidity and capital resources are cash on hand, cash flows generated by operating activities and, if necessary, borrowings under our Amended ABL Credit Facility (as defined in Note 6 in the notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements). Depending upon market conditions and other factors, we may also have the ability to issue additional equity and debt if needed. As of December 31, 2025, we had no borrowings outstanding under our Amended ABL Credit

Facility and $222.9 million of available borrowing capacity in addition to $100.0 million available under our Term Loan Facility (as defined in Note 6 to the notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements). We had $1.8 million in letters of credit outstanding at December 31, 2025 which reduced our available borrowing capacity. We were in compliance with the covenants of the Amended ABL Credit Facility as of December 31, 2025.

In June 2023, our board of directors authorized the Company to repurchase shares of its Class A common stock for an aggregate purchase price of up to $150 million. Under our share repurchase program, shares may be repurchased from time to time in open market transactions or block trades, in privately negotiated transactions or any other method permitted under U.S. securities laws, rules and regulations. The repurchase program does not obligate the Company to purchase any particular amount of shares, and the repurchase program may be suspended or discontinued at any time at the Company’s discretion. At December 31, 2025, $146.3 million of Class A common stock could be repurchased under our share repurchase program.

We expect that our existing cash on hand, cash generated from operations and available borrowings under our Amended ABL Credit Facility and Term Loan Facility will be sufficient for the next 12 months to meet our material cash requirements, including working capital requirements, debt service obligations, anticipated capital expenditures, lease obligations, repurchases of shares of our Class A common stock, expected TRA liability payments, anticipated tax liabilities and dividends to holders of our Class A common stock as well as pro rata cash distributions to holders of CC Units other than Cactus Inc.

We currently estimate our net capital expenditures for the year ending December 31, 2026 will range from $40 million to $50 million, including investments in international expansion such as investments in the Joint Venture, further diversification of our low cost supply chain, enhancements for our Baytown, TX manufacturing plant and Hobbs, NM service center and additional deployment of equipment to facilitate installation of recent product introductions. We continuously evaluate our capital expenditures, and the amount we ultimately spend will depend on a number of factors, including, among other things, demand for rental assets, available capacity in existing locations, prevailing economic conditions, market conditions in the E&P industry, customers’ forecasts, crude oil and natural gas price volatility and company initiatives.

For information concerning our future lease payments as of December 31, 2025, see Note 10 to our consolidated financial statements.

Our ability to satisfy our long-term liquidity requirements, including cash distributions to CC Unit Holders to fund their respective income tax liabilities relating to their share of the income of Cactus Companies and to fund liabilities related to the TRA, depends on our future operating performance, which is affected by, and subject to, prevailing economic conditions, market conditions in the E&P industry, availability and cost of raw materials, and financial, business and other factors, many of which are beyond our control. We will not be able to predict or control many of these factors, such as economic conditions in the markets where we operate and competitive pressures. If necessary, we could choose to further reduce our spending on capital projects and operating expenses to ensure we operate within the cash flow generated from our operations.

Tax Receivable Agreement (TRA)

The TRA generally provides for the payment by Cactus Inc. to the TRA Holders of 85% of the net cash savings, if any, in U.S. federal, state and local income tax and franchise tax that Cactus Inc. actually realizes or is deemed to realize in certain circumstances. Cactus Inc. retains the benefit of the remaining 15% of these net cash savings. To the extent Cactus Companies has available cash, we intend to cause Cactus Companies to make pro rata distributions to its unit holders, including Cactus Inc., in an amount at least sufficient to allow us to pay our taxes and to make payments under the TRA.

Except in cases where we elect to terminate the TRA early, the TRA is terminated early due to certain mergers, asset sales, or other forms of business combinations or changes of control relating to Cactus Companies or if we have available cash but fail to make payments when due under circumstances where we do not have the right to elect to defer the payment. We may generally elect to defer payments due under the TRA if we do not have available cash to satisfy our payment obligations under the TRA. Any such deferred payments under the TRA generally will accrue interest. In certain cases, payments under the TRA may be accelerated and/or significantly exceed the actual benefits, if any, we realize in respect of the tax attributes subject to the TRA. In these situations, our obligations under the TRA could have a substantial negative impact on our liquidity.

Assuming no material changes in the relevant tax law, we expect that if the TRA were terminated as of December 31, 2025, the estimated termination payments, based on the assumptions discussed in Note 11 of the notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, would be approximately $251.2 million, calculated using a discount rate equal to the 12-month term SOFR published by CME Group Benchmark Administration Limited, plus 221.5 basis points, applied against an undiscounted liability of $348.4 million. A 10% increase in the price of our Class A common stock at December 31, 2025 would have increased the discounted liability by $7.6 million to $258.8 million (an undiscounted increase of $11.9 million to $360.3 million), and likewise, a 10% decrease in the price of our Class A common stock at December 31, 2025 would have decreased the discounted liability by $7.6 million to $243.6 million (an undiscounted decrease of $11.9 million to $336.6 million).

Cash Flows

Year Ended December 31, 2025 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2024

The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods indicated:

(in thousands)

Net cash provided by operating activities was $258.4 million in 2025 compared to $316.1 million in 2024. Operating cash flows decreased primarily due to lower earnings as well as an increase in cash outflows associated with working capital, largely related to purchases of inventory of $26.8 million, reflecting escalated values due to tariffs. These decreases in operating cash flows were partially offset by an increase in customer collections of $13.4 million.

Net cash used in investing activities was $39.1 million and $35.4 million for 2025 and 2024, respectively. The 2025 increase was primarily due to the initial investment of $6.0 million related to our joint venture in Vietnam intended to further diversify our manufacturing capabilities, partly offset by an increase in proceeds from sale of assets.

Net cash used in financing activities was $69.1 million for 2025 compared to net cash used by in financing activities of $70.1 million for 2024. The year ended December 31, 2025 value includes a $3.4 million decrease in share repurchases, primarily associated with the Company's share repurchase program, more than offset by higher dividend payments of approximately $3.8 million, a $2.4 million payment of deferred financing costs and a $2.3 million increase in member distributions. The year ended December 31, 2024 included a $6.0 million payment of contingent consideration.

Year Ended December 31, 2024 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2023

The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods indicated:

(in thousands)

Net cash provided by operating activities was $316.1 million in 2024 compared to $340.3 million in 2023. Operating cash flows decreased primarily due to an increase in cash outflows associated with working capital, largely related to increased purchases of inventory of $67.6 million as well as payout of the earn-out liability of $31.2 million. These decreases in operating cash flows were offset by an increase in customer collections of $24.9 million as well as an increase in operating income of $17.9 million in 2024 compared to 2023.

Net cash used in investing activities was $35.4 million and $654.8 million for 2024 and 2023, respectively. The decrease was primarily due to the non-recurrence of cash paid to acquire FlexSteel for $621.5 million, less $5.3 million in cash acquired during the first quarter of 2023. Additionally, our capital expenditures decreased approximately $4.8 million primarily due to the $7.0 million purchase of a previously leased facility during the first half of 2023.

Net cash used in financing activities was $70.1 million for 2024 compared to net cash provided by in financing activities of $103.3 million for 2023. The decrease in net cash provided by financing activities was primarily related to certain financing activities in 2023 associated with the FlexSteel acquisition. We received approximately $169.9 million of proceeds, net of issuance costs, from issuing shares of our Class A common stock during 2023. The year ended December 31, 2023 also included payments of approximately $6.9 million of debt issuance costs. The year ended December 31, 2024 includes a $4.1 million increase in share repurchases, primarily associated with the Company's share repurchase program, higher dividend payments of approximately $3.6 million and a $6.0 million payment related to the contingent consideration established as of the FlexSteel acquisition date. These increases are partially offset by a $3.4 million decrease in member distributions.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

In preparing our financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”), we make numerous estimates and assumptions that affect the accounting for and recognition and disclosure of assets, liabilities, equity, revenues and expenses. We must make these estimates and assumptions because certain information that we use is dependent on future events, cannot be calculated with a high degree of precision from available data or is not otherwise capable of being readily calculated based on generally accepted methodologies. In some cases, these estimates are particularly difficult to determine, and we must exercise significant judgment. Actual results could differ materially from the estimates and assumptions that we use in the preparation of our financial statements. We identify certain accounting policies as critical based on, among other things, their impact on the portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations and the degree of difficulty, subjectivity and complexity in their deployment. Note 2 of the notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements includes a summary of the significant accounting policies used in the preparation of the accompanying consolidated financial statements. The following is a brief discussion of our most critical accounting policies and related estimates and assumptions.

Determination of Fair Value in Business Combinations

Accounting for the acquisition of a business requires the allocation of the purchase price to the various assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their respective fair values. The determination of fair value requires the use of significant estimates and assumptions, and in making these determinations, management uses all available information. For tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired in a business combination, the determination of fair value utilizes several valuation methodologies including discounted cash flows which has assumptions with respect to the timing and amount of future revenue and expenses associated with an asset. The assumptions made in performing these valuations include, but are not limited to, discount rates, future revenues and operating costs, projections of capital costs, and other assumptions believed to be consistent with those used by principal market participants. Due to the specialized nature of these calculations, we engage third-party specialists to assist management in evaluating our assumptions as well as appropriately measuring the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed.

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined using standard cost (which approximates average cost). Costs include an application of related direct labor and overhead cost. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal and transportation. We evaluate the components of inventory on a regular basis for excess and obsolescence. Reserves are made based on a range of factors, including age, usage and technological or market changes that may impact demand for those products. The amount of reserve recorded is subjective and is susceptible to change from period to period.

Long‑Lived Assets

Key estimates related to long‑lived assets include useful lives and recoverability of carrying values. Such estimates could be modified, as impairment could arise as a result of changes in supply and demand fundamentals, technological developments, new competitors with disruptive technologies or cost advantages and the cyclical nature of the oil and gas industry. We evaluate long‑lived assets for potential impairment indicators whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Long‑lived assets assessed for impairment are grouped at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are available, and a provision would be made where the cash flow is less than the carrying value of the asset. The estimation of future cash flows and fair value is highly subjective and inherently imprecise. Estimates can change materially from period to period based on many factors. Accordingly, if conditions change in the future, we may record impairment losses, which could be material to any particular reporting period.

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of purchase price paid over the fair value of the net assets of acquired businesses. Goodwill is not amortized, but we evaluate at least annually whether it is impaired. Goodwill is considered impaired if the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value. We conduct our annual assessment of the recoverability of goodwill as of December 31 of each year. We first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount as a basis for determining whether it is necessary to perform the goodwill impairment test. If the qualitative assessment indicates that it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount or we elect not to perform a qualitative assessment, the quantitative assessment of goodwill test is performed. The goodwill impairment test is also performed whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. If it is necessary to perform the quantitative assessment to determine if our goodwill is impaired, we will utilize a discounted cash flow analysis using management’s projections that are subject to various risks and uncertainties of revenues, expenses and cash flows as well as assumptions regarding discount rates, terminal value and control premiums. Estimates of future cash flows and fair value are highly subjective and inherently imprecise.

Income Taxes

Deferred taxes are recorded using the asset and liability method, whereby tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the differences between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax laws and rates expected to apply to taxable income in the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. We assess the likelihood that our deferred tax assets will be recovered through adjustments to future taxable income. To the extent we believe recovery is not likely, we establish a valuation allowance to reduce the asset to a value we believe will be recoverable based on our expectation of future taxable income. In evaluating our ability to recover our deferred tax assets, we consider all available positive and negative evidence, including scheduled reversals of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, tax planning strategies and results of recent operations. The assumptions about future taxable income require significant judgment and are consistent with the plans and estimates management is using to manage the underlying business. If the projected future taxable income changes materially, we may be required to reassess the amount of valuation allowance recorded against our deferred tax assets.

Tax Receivable Agreement

The TRA generally provides for the payment by Cactus Inc. to the TRA Holders of 85% of the net cash savings, if any, in U.S. federal, state and local income tax and franchise tax that Cactus Inc. actually realizes or is deemed to realize in certain circumstances as a result of (i) certain increases in tax basis that occur as a result of Cactus Inc.’s acquisition (or deemed acquisition for U.S. federal income tax purposes) of all or a portion of such TRA Holder’s CW Units in connection with our IPO or any subsequent offering (or, following the completion of the CC Reorganization, such TRA Holder’s CC Units), or pursuant to any other exercise of the Redemption Right or the Call Right, (ii) certain increases in tax basis resulting from the repayment of borrowings outstanding under Cactus LLC’s term loan facility in connection with our IPO and (iii) imputed interest deemed to be paid by Cactus Inc. as a result of, and additional tax basis arising from, any payments Cactus Inc. makes under the TRA. We retain the remaining 15% of the cash savings. The TRA liability is calculated by determining the tax basis subject to the TRA (“tax basis”) and applying a blended tax rate to the basis differences and calculating the iterative impact. The blended tax rate consists of the U.S. federal income tax rate and an assumed combined state and local income tax rate driven by the apportionment factors applicable to each state.

Redemptions of CC Units (CW Units prior to the CC Reorganization) result in adjustments to the tax basis of the tangible and intangible assets of Cactus Companies (Cactus LLC prior to the CC Reorganization). These adjustments are allocated to Cactus Inc. Such adjustments to the tax basis of the tangible and intangible assets of Cactus Companies would not be available to Cactus Inc. absent its acquisition or deemed acquisition of CC Units or CW Units prior to the CC Reorganization. In addition, the repayment of borrowings outstanding under the Cactus LLC term loan facility resulted in adjustments to the tax basis of the tangible and intangible assets of Cactus LLC, a portion of which was allocated to Cactus Inc. These basis adjustments are expected to increase (for tax purposes) Cactus Inc.’s depreciation and amortization deductions and may also decrease Cactus Inc.’s gains (or increase its losses) on future dispositions of certain assets to the extent tax basis is allocated to those assets. Such increased deductions and losses and reduced gains may reduce the amount of tax that Cactus Inc. would otherwise be required to pay in the future.

Estimating the amount and timing of the tax benefit is by its nature imprecise and the assumptions used in the estimates can change. The tax benefit is dependent upon future events and assumptions, the amount of the redeeming unit holders’ tax basis in its CC Units (formerly CW Units) at the time of the relevant redemption, the depreciation and amortization periods that apply to the increase in tax basis, the amount and timing of taxable income we generate in the future and the U.S. federal, state and local income tax rate then applicable, and the portion of Cactus Inc.’s payments under the TRA that constitute imputed interest or give rise to depreciable or amortizable tax basis. The most critical estimate included in calculating the TRA liability to record is the combined U.S. federal income tax rate and an assumed combined state and local income tax rate, to determine the future benefit we will realize. A 100 basis point decrease/increase in the blended tax rate used would decrease/increase the TRA liability recorded at December 31, 2025 by approximately $14.4 million.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 2 of the notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for discussion of recent accounting pronouncements.

In the normal course of business, we are exposed to market risk from changes in foreign currency exchange rates and changes in interest rates.

Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk

We have subsidiaries with operations in China, Australia, Canada and Vietnam who conduct business in their local currencies (functional currencies) and are therefore subject to foreign currency exchange rate risk on cash flows related to sales, expenses, financing and investing transactions in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. Currently, we do not have any open foreign currency forward contracts to hedge this risk.

Additionally, certain intercompany balances between our U.S. and foreign subsidiaries as well as other financial assets and liabilities are denominated in U.S. dollars. Since this is not the functional currency of our foreign subsidiaries, the changes in these balances are translated in our Consolidated Statements of Income, resulting in the recognition of a remeasurement gain or loss. In order to provide a hedge against currency fluctuations on the U.S. dollar denominated assets and liabilities held by certain of our foreign subsidiaries, we enter into monthly foreign currency forward contracts (balance sheet hedges) to attempt to offset the remeasurement gain or loss recorded at the foreign subsidiary. As of December 31, 2025, if the U.S. dollar strengthened or weakened 5%, the impact to the unrealized value of our forward contracts would be less than $0.1 million. The gain or loss on the forward contracts would be largely offset by the gain or loss on the underlying foreign subsidiary assets and liabilities, and therefore, would have minimal impact on future earnings.

Interest Rate Risk

Our Amended ABL Credit Facility (as defined in Note 6 in the notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements) is variable rate debt. At December 31, 2025, there were no borrowings outstanding. Borrowings under our Amended ABL Credit Facility and Term Loan Facility bear interest at Cactus Company’s option at either the Alternate Base Rate (as defined therein) or the Adjusted Term SOFR Rate (as defined therein), plus, in each case, an applicable margin.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We have evaluated, under the supervision and with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a‑15(e) and 15d‑15(e) under the Exchange Act as amended) as of December 31, 2025. Based upon that evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level as of such date. Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure and is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC.

Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Management’s annual report on internal control over financial reporting is incorporated by reference to page 40 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended December 31, 2025 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.