Avax One Technology LTD.: Form 10-K for the period ended Dec 31, 2024

Overview

AgriFORCE™ was incorporated as a private company by Articles of Incorporation issued pursuant to the provisions of the Business Corporations Act (British Columbia) on December 22, 2017. The Company’s registered and records office address is at 800 – 525 West 8th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V5Z 1C6.

Our Business

AgriFORCE™ started as an “Ag-Tech” company with a primary focus to developing and utilizing our intellectual property assets for improvements dedicated to the agricultural industry.

Most recently, the Company has entered into the sustainable Bitcoin mining industry and has completed two acquisitions since late November 2024 pursuant to which the Company now owns and operates three Bitcoin mining facilities, one in Alberta, Canada and two in Ohio, for a total of 1120 BITMAIN Antminer S19j units.

Our AgriFORCE™ Brands division is focused on the development and commercialization of plant-based ingredients and products that deliver more nutritious food. We will market and commercialize ingredient supplies, like our Awakened Flour™ and Awakened Grains ™.

The AgriFORCE™ Solutions division is dedicated to transforming modern agriculture through our controlled environment agriculture (“CEA”) equipment, including our FORCEGH+™” solution. We are continuing to modify our business plan to accommodate artificial intelligence and blockchain in the development and implementation of FinTech systems to commercial farmers, and advancing on the commercialization of our Hydroxyl clean room systems to greatly reduce the spread of pathogens, mold and disease at processing facilities worldwide.

The Company is an innovative sustainable technology focused company that strives to innovate and deliver sustainable technology solutions across a wide array of verticals utilization of our proprietary intellectual property to businesses and enterprises through our AgriFORCE™ Solutions division (“Solutions”) and deliver innovative flour products through our AgriFORCE™ Brands division (“Brands”). To this end, we announce the next phase of our transition, highlighted by the intended integration of Bitcoin mining solutions and the ancillary environmental and power-generation benefits that result from engaging in that business. We recognize the potential of Bitcoin and other digital currencies in facilitating sustainable financial transactions and intend to utilize 10-20% of our future capital raised to purchase and hold Bitcoin. In the third quarter of 2024, the Company bought the assets of the Radical Clean Solutions (“RCS”) business for which it had bought an exclusive license to the agricultural industry in 2023. During 2023, the Company launched its UN(THINK) Awakened Flour™, which is a nutritious flour that we believe provides health advantages over traditional flour.

While Solutions’ legacy focus was to operate in the plant based pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and other high value crop markets using its unique proprietary facility design and hydroponics based automated growing system that enable cultivators to effectively grow crops in a controlled environment (“FORCEGH+™”). it has changed its focus to broaden the use of its proprietary intellectual property across multiple industries. For instance, the Company through its RCS purchase is not able to utilize that technology to deliver solutions across multiple industries, including not only agriculture, but other industries including hospitality, commercial applications, education institutions, residential real estate and transportation.

Brands is focused on the development and commercialization of plant-based ingredients and products that deliver healthier and more nutritious solutions. We strive to market and commercialize both branded consumer product offerings and ingredient supply.

AgriFORCE™ Brands

UN(THINK)™ Foods

The Company purchased Intellectual Property (“IP”) from Manna Nutritional Group, LLC (“Manna”), a privately held firm based in Boise, Idaho on September 10, 2021. The IP encompasses a granted patent to naturally process and convert grain, pulses and root vegetables, resulting in low-starch, low-sugar, high-protein, fiber-rich baking flour as well as produces a natural sweetener juice. The core process is covered under Patent Nr. 11,540,538 in the U.S. and key international markets. The all-natural process is designed to unlock nutritional properties, flavors, and other qualities in a range of modern, ancient and heritage grains, pulses and root vegetables to create specialized all-natural baking and all-purpose flours, sweeteners, juices, naturally sweet cereals and other valuation products, providing numerous opportunities for dietary nutritional, performance and culinary applications.

During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company has achieved milestones towards the commercialization of our UN(THINK) Awakened Flour™ flour, the Company’s first line of products to utilize the IP. Management has defined and tested its quality controls and safety protocols for production, and produced several multi-ton batches of germinated grains, refining and scaling production processes with our partners in Canada. We are also in the process of qualifying partners in the US to establish additional production hubs – at no additional CAPEX - which will support growth and reduce logistics costs for customers in the region. Additionally, we have established our supply chain logistics with a contracted shipping company and two warehouses in Canada and the US. Our commercial team made progress in defining pricing and is starting to approach US and Canadian Bakeries and Baked Goods Companies who are now testing our new flours for integration into their manufacturing operations and innovation pipeline. Online sales logistics and advertising materials were developed during the period to support the establishment of the direct-to-consumer sales channel which will be started once the Business to Business channel sales ramp up. Lastly, the Company has developed an extensive number of recipes for the application of Awakened Flour™ product line for both customers and consumers.

The Company is developing several finished product prototypes including a line of pancake mixes, which are ready for consumer testing.

Wheat and Flour Market

Modern diet is believed to be a contributor to health risks such as heart disease, cancer, diabetes and obesity, due in part to the consumption of highly processed foods that are low in natural fiber, protein and nutrition; and extremely high in simple starch, sugar and calories. These “empty carbs” produce glycemic swings that may cause overeating by triggering cravings for food high in sugar, salt and starch. As an example, conventional baking flour is low in natural fiber (~ 2-3%), low-to-average in protein (~ 9%), and very high in starch (~ 75%)(4). Apart from dietary fiber, whole flour is only marginally better in terms of these macronutrients (5).

(4) Based on protein, fiber, and starch content results from a nationally certified independent laboratory, as compared to standard all-purpose flour.

(5) https://www.soupersage.com/compare-nutrition/flour-vs-whole-wheat-flour

In contrast, foods high in fiber help to satiate hunger, suppress cravings and raise metabolism(6). They also assist in weight loss, lower cholesterol, and may reduce the risk of cancer, heart disease and diabetes(7).

Advantages of the UN(THINK)™ Foods IP

Our Controlled Enzymatic Reaction & Endothermic Saccharification with Managed Natural Germination (“CERES-MNG”) patented process allows for the development and manufacturing of all-natural flours that are significantly higher in fibers, nutrients and proteins and significantly lower in carbohydrates and calories than standard baking flour.

CERES-MNG baking flour produced from soft white wheat has 40 times more fiber, three (3) times more protein and 75% less net carbohydrates than regular all- purpose flour(8).

Source: Independent analysis by Eurofins Food Chemistry Testing Madison, Inc, February 2022

The CERES-MNG patent will help develop new flours and products from modern, ancient and heritage grains, seeds, legumes and tubers/root vegetables.

(6) https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/14400-improving-your-health-with-fiber

(7) https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/fiber-full-eating-for-better-health-and-lower-cholesterol-2019062416819

(8) Based on protein, fiber, and starch content results from a nationally certified independent laboratory, as compared to standard all-purpose flour.

Products that AgriFORCE™ intends to develop for commercialization from the CERES-MNG patented process under the UN(THINK)™ foods brand:

• High protein, high fiber, low carb modern, heritage and ancient grain flours (for use in breads, baked goods, doughs, pastry, snacks, and pasta)
• Protein flours and protein additives
• High protein, high fiber, low carb cereals and snacks
• High protein, high fiber, low carb oat based dairy alternatives
• Better tasting, cleaner label, high protein, high fiber, low carb nutrition bars
• High protein, high fiber, low carb nutrition juices
• Sweeteners – liquid and granulated
• High protein, high fiber, low carb pet foods and snacks

We intend to commercialize these products behind three (2) main sales channels:

• Branded ingredients (B2B)
• Consumer branded products (B2B and B2C)

Successful commercialization of premium specialized products from the UN(THINK)™ foods IP and the capture of a small percentage share of the category is a notable business opportunity for AgriFORCE™.

Sources: Future Market Insights Reports, June 2022 (2), October 2022 (1), January 2023 (3) and October 2022 (4),.

To produce the UN(THINK)™ power wheat flour, we are using our patented process to develop a new germinated whole grain wheat flour, which we have qualified and made available for sale through November 2023 in Canada and the USA, under the UN(THINK)™ Awakened Flour™ brand. This new Awakened Grains™ flour – available in 3 types: hard white wheat and hard red wheat for breads and soft white wheat for bakery and pastries – will provide enhanced nutrition with over five times more fiber, up to two times more protein and 23% less net carbs versus conventional all-purpose flour (source: Eurofins Food Chemistry Madison, Inc, December 2022).

GROWTH PLAN

AgriFORCE™’s organic growth plan is to actively establish and deploy the commercialization of products in four distinct phases:

PHASE 1 (COMPLETED):

• Product and process testing and validation. (completed)
• Filing of US and international patents. (completed)
• Creation of the UN(THINK)™ foods brand. (completed)
• Qualification and operational and commercial set up of the Awakened Grains™ line of products. (completed)

PHASE 2:

• Launch of the UN(THINK)™ Awakened Flour™ lightly germinated flour range of products in business to business (“B2B”) channel. (completed)
• Develop range of finished products behind the wheat grain flours, qualify patented process for pulse/legume, and rice-based protein flours.
• Drive business as ingredients for bakery, snack and plant-based protein products manufacturers.
• Develop relationships with universities, nonprofit organizations and civic organizations focused on health in underserved communities to research impact of patented flour on nutrition.

PHASE 3:

• Develop range of finished products behind the wheat grain flours, qualify patented process for pulse/legume, and rice-based protein flours.
• Drive business as ingredients for bakery, snack and plant-based protein products manufacturers.
• Develop manufacturing base through partnerships and licensing.

PHASE 4:

• Expand product range in US/Canada.
• Expand business to other geographies internationally.

AgriFORCE Solutions

Understanding Our Approach –Bringing Cutting Edge Technology to Enhance and Modernize Agriculture

Traditional farming includes three fundamental approaches: outdoor, greenhouse and indoor. We are taking modern technologies such as artificial intelligence (“AI”) and blockchain–based advances to bring what is traditionally a low technology industry into the 21st century. This approach means that we are able to reach into areas not readily available to agricultural businesses in the past, such as advanced Fintech to enhance financing capabilities for these businesses and more readily provide advanced intelligence for farmers. These technologies can also be applied to worldwide sourcing and matching food producers to consumers in an efficient manner.

Our intellectual property combines a patented uniquely engineered facility design and automated growing system to solve excessive water loss and high energy consumption, two problems plaguing nearly all controlled environment agriculture systems. FORCEGH+ delivers a patented clean, sealed, self-contained micro-environment that maximizes natural sunlight and offers supplemental LED lighting. It limits human intervention and is designed to provide superior quality control through AI optical technology. It was also created to drastically reduce environmental impact, substantially decrease utility demands, conserving water, while delivering customers daily harvests and higher crop yields.

The Ag-Tech sector is severely underserved by the capital markets, and we see an opportunity to acquire global companies who have provided solutions to the industry and are leading innovation moving forward. The robustness of our engagement with potential targets has confirmed our belief and desire to be part of a larger integrated Ag-Tech solutions provider, where each separate element of the business has its existing legacy business and can leverage across areas of expertise to expand their business footprint.

BUSINESS PLAN

The Company will launch a full line up of Hydroxyl Devices and start commercializing the Hydroxyl Devises into international markets including the US market of CEA and Food Manufacturing. The Company will identify and establish exclusive distribution agreement for the EMEA region as well Expand Distribution Network into Latin America and Asia. The Company will also advance on the commercialization of our Hydroxyl clean room systems to greatly reduce the spread of pathogens, mold and disease at processing facilities worldwide.

The Company is exploring opportunities to utilize its patented FORCEGH+™ structure and its related technologies in joint ventures and licensing. The Company is also studying the utilization of FORCEGH+ technologies in arctic, tropical and desert environments. The Company intends to continue development of and license of its technology to existing farmers in the plant based pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and high value crop markets using its unique patented facility design and hydroponics based automated growing system that enable farmers to effectively grow crops in a sealed controlled environment (“FORCEGH+™”).

The Company also looks to expand its efforts into development of blockchain solutions and the implementation of these solutions into FinTech systems to allow quicker and less costly transactions between commercial farmers.

The Company is exploring opportunities to utilize its patented FORCEGH+™ structure and its related technologies in joint ventures and licensing. The Company is also studying the utilization of FORCEGH+ technologies in arctic, tropical and desert environments and artificial intelligence and blockchain in the development and implementation of FinTech systems to commercial farmers, and advancing on the commercialization of our Hydroxyl clean room systems to greatly reduce the spread of pathogens, mold and disease at processing facilities worldwide.

The Company is pursuing a strategic shift towards the advancement of sustainable technology initiatives through the acquisition of Bitcoin mining facilities. The Company plans to reduce the environmental impact of the Bitcoin mining facilities while simultaneously producing revenue from high yield agricultural operations. By utilizing an integrated and automated onsite carbon sequestering agricultural operation to reuse the waste energy from the natural gas generators used in the Bitcoin mining operation, the Company aims to reduce carbon emissions while also contributing to local food security and economic growth. In addition, the Company intends to generate immediate shareholder value through the generation of Bitcoins from the mining operation.

The AgriFORCE Clean Solutions

The Company’s Solutions division is charged with the commercialization of our FORCEGH+ technology and our RCS clean room systems. The Company has also begun to advance its initiative to integrate blockchain in the development and implementation of FinTech systems for commercial farmers.

We own the Radical Clean Solutions, Inc. (“RCS”) technology to commercialize the proprietary hydroxyl generating devices of RCS for the CEA and food manufacturing industries. The RCS technology is a product line consisting of patent-pending “smart hydroxyl generation systems” focused on numerous industry verticals that is proven to eliminate 99.99+% of all major pathogens, virus, mold, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and allergy triggers(8).

On October 1, 2023, the Company signed a definitive agreement to purchase a 14% ownership stake in RCS. On August 16, 2024, the Company completed the acquisition of 86% of the common shares of Radical Clean Solutions, Inc. (“RCS”), increasing its interest from 14% to 100%, and providing the Company control over RCS. RCS became a consolidated subsidiary of the Company on this date.

The Company generated its first revenue from the sale of RCS devices in late 2023. During 2023, the Company signed an exclusive distribution agreement with a leading distributor of air conditioning and heating solutions in Mexico for the representation and sale of the AgriFORCE/RCS hydroxyl generating devices for greenhouses and food manufacturing facilities for the territory of Mexico. The first products were delivered in October 2023 pursuant to purchase orders for the products. During 2024, the Company completed delivery of its second generation AgriFORCE/RCS hydroxyl generating devices to the Mexican market through its distribution agreement.

The Company will continue to expand sales into Mexico through its distributor, Commercializadora DESICO. Based on its sale into the poultry industry in Mexico, the Company is expanding its distribution of its Clean System solutions into other Latin American markets and the United States.

(8) BCI Labs, Gainesville Florida, February 2022; and various institutional studies.

BUSINESS PLAN

2024

• Continue introduction into the Mexico market with our exclusive distributor
• Identify and set up exclusive distribution agreements for the EMEA region
• Start commercializing the Hydroxyl Devices into the US market of CEA and Food Manufacturing
• Launch full line up of Hydroxyl Devices : in-Duct HVAC unit, Portable Industrial QuadPro Unit, Small Rooms Wall-Mount unit

2025

• Expand Distribution Network into Latin America, Europe and Asia.

Merger and Acquisition (“M&A”)

The Company plans to evaluate accretive M&A opportunities of an appropriate scale as it progresses with its ongoing business plans surrounding its already owned IP and improvements thereto. Any M&A propositions must be of a size and scale which works to complement the Company’s ongoing business in terms of allocation of resources.

The Company intends to focus any M&A activity on targets which are focused the bitcoin mining space. This refocused M&A strategy will ensure that proper personnel and economic resources are allocated to the Company’s ongoing businesses, while refocusing efforts on synergistic opportunities which work to enhance the Company’s existing assets.

As a result of this refocus of the M&A strategy, the following formerly considered acquisition opportunities are no longer being considered by the Company:

Sustainable Bitcoin Mining

As of the fourth quarter of 2024, the Company has entered into the sustainable Bitcoin mining industry and has completed two acquisitions since late November 2024 pursuant to which the Company now owns and operates three Bitcoin mining facilities, one in Alberta, Canada and two in Ohio, for a total of 1120 BITMAIN Antminer S19j units. The facility is powered by sustainable energy, advancing AgriFORCE’s mission to integrate innovative technologies that promote environmental stewardship while generating significant financial returns. The Company is proud to announce the launch of sustainable agricultural operations at its newly acquired Bitcoin mining facility in Sturgeon County, Alberta, Canada. By harnessing the excess heat and carbon emissions from Bitcoin mining, AgriFORCE is pioneering a novel approach to promote agricultural productivity while reducing environmental impact.

As we approach a key milestone in the progression of our growth strategy it is important to clarify how our adoption of an innovative combination of technologies will reduce the environmental impact of data centers while simultaneously producing revenue from high yield agricultural operations. Upon closing we intend to utilize our new data center to leverage energy generated from flare natural gas-powered operations to increase the environmental mitigation and revenue potential of our integrated cogeneration site. Located in Alberta, Canada, at the site of the intended acquisition, we will be testing an integrated and automated onsite carbon sequestering agricultural operation which will reuse the waste energy from the onsite natural gas generator. By adopting this integrated approach, we’re able to reduce our carbon emissions while also contributing to local food security and economic growth.

While benefiting from Alberta’s strong incentive programs, i.e., the Alberta Carbon Capture Incentive Program, the Company hopes to reuse waste resources to produce profit from cryptocurrency mining, Alberta carbon credits for carbon sequestration and methane reduction, and the sale of premium crops. Upon completion of the acquisition, the Company’s process will capture natural gas flares to generate significant low-cost energy to operate the cryptocurrency mining rigs. The new facility, and any facilities that the Company may acquire moving forward, will capture and redirect heat from miners and the generator to warm an enclosure suitable for growing white-legged shrimp (Penaeus Vannamei), and controlled environment agriculture . The facility will then be utilized to produce a continuous supply of fresh shrimp, red seaweed and micro-greens for local markets and restaurants. Micro-greens are a fast-growing, nutrient-dense crop that requires relatively little space and water to produce commercial yields, while significantly reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

The facility, powered by an on-site generator, utilizing flared gas, integrates carbon capture and heat reuse technologies to support the cultivation of premium crops and aquaculture. Targeted products include white-legged shrimp, nutrient-dense micro-greens, and high-demand red seaweed—key contributors to food security and economic development in the region. These sustainable practices are designed to offset the greenhouse gas emissions associated with high-energy Bitcoin mining, demonstrating a model for future growth.

On November 28, 2024, AgriForce Growing Systems, Ltd. (the “Company”) entered into an agreement with Rivogenix Energy Corp. to acquire and consummated the acquisition of various assets which comprise a bitcoin mining facility in Sturgeon County, Alberta, Canada. The assets were acquired for $1.5 million in cash from the Company’s own available cashflow and are comprised of a data center and approximately 130 bitcoin miners.

On January 17, 2025, AgriForce Growing Systems, Ltd. (the “Company”) purchased assets comprising a five MW Bitcoin mining facility (on two sites) in Columbiana County Ohio (the “Facility”) from Bald Eagle County, LLC. The asset purchase price (including purchase of an option to purchase the Facility) was $4.55 million. The assets purchased consist of following assets, inter alia: Nine hundred (900) S-19 J Pro BITMAIN Antminers, transformers necessary to operate the Facility, five (5) custom 40 ft Crypto Canman housing containers including 5 power distribution boxes, one Caterpillar trailer mounted standby generator, one Doosan trailer mounted generator set, eight shipping containers and five 1 MW natural gas generator power plants. The Company also received assignment of power purchase agreements to purchase gas at $0.04 per kWh and access leases to the realty underlying the Facility.

This acquisition is a pivotal step in AgriFORCE’s commitment to integrating sustainable energy solutions, advanced data operations, and innovative agricultural initiatives to create long-term value for shareholders.

Powered by 5 MW of natural gas energy, the facility is currently operational with over 900 bitcoin mining units and has the capacity to scale up to 1,200 units. Utilizing energy derived from flare natural gas, the facility not only generates consistent revenue but also minimizes its environmental footprint. Plans are in place to enhance operations by repurposing waste heat and implementing carbon capture technology, enabling diversified revenue streams through sustainable agricultural practices, such as premium crop cultivation and aquaculture systems.

Currently all mined assets are held and we have no intention to sell unless the Company requires the cash for maintaining operations. The Company is in the process of developing a written policy to govern the cold-storage and liquidation process for selling and borrowing using our bitcoin assets. As of now, the Company holds all of its bitcoin in a BitGo wallet. There is limited risk in volatility at present in bitcoin pricing due to our policy of holding bitcoin for the long term. We have not sold any Bitcoin as of the date of this filing.

We have an agreement with Bitgo to hold out Bitcoin in cold storage with instantaneous liquidity available. They will also act as our exchange.

Our miners have an average age of three years in all of our facilities. Statistics on our miners are as follows:

Efficiency: median: 99.86%; mean: 99.58%; range: 99.26 – 99.9%. Our average downtime for scheduled and nonscheduled is 24 hours in a month. This includes activities related to weather and optimization of the power units and miner boards.

Our weighted average of cost of Bitcoin mined is approximately $41,000. Our approximate inputs are as follows:

Alberta:

1 BTC at this site alone will take 112.4 days at an average operating cost of $712.50/day due to low capacity. So, before optimization, the cost for 1 BTC is approximately $56,000 at this site

Ohio:

The site has been running at 67PH/s at 2500kWh and $0.05/kWh generating approximately 0.03735 BTC/day.

We generate 1BTC every 26 days at this site at a cost of $1,350/day, so the Ohio cost is $35,100/BTC mined.

A weighted average of the two sites puts the total cost of approximately $41,000 per BTC mined. This number is approximated as the operation of these sites has only commenced within the last few months and may vary due to multiple factors including weather conditions, any unforeseen maintenance issues such as glycol buildup in generators and other potential major maintenance issues.

In February, the Company entered into an agreement to purchase 220 new BITMAIN Antminer S19kPro miners from a third-party supplier, with the understanding that the units were available at the point of manufacture in China. Payment in full was made in full. Following the purchase, the supplier experienced delays in securing the S19kPro units from the manufacturer. To mitigate the delay, the Company and the supplier agreed to apply the value of the 220 S19kPro miners toward an equivalent cost basis in newer-generation BITMAIN S21 XP miners. As a result, AGRI acquired 50 new S21 XP miners, each with a hashrate of 270 TH/s. These miners were released from Canadian Customs on Wednesday April 2, 2025. As of the date of this filing, the units are expected to be delivered to our EPCM contractor’s facility in Grand Prairie, Alberta and then travel to the Sturgeon County, Alberta mining facility within the week. Installation and deployment will begin immediately upon arrival, with full operational status expected by Wednesday April 9, 2025. Subsequent infrastructure maintenance and minor upgrades have been completed. The 50 S21 XP miners are expected to contribute a combined hashrate of approximately 13.5 PH/s to our operations.

Financing Initiatives

In late January 2025, the Company also closed on the first tranche of an up to $50 million financing facility with institutional investors. The Company utilized a portion of the first $7 million tranche to pay for the acquisition of the assets. The Company is grateful to its investors for the confidence placed in its ability to execute its business plan with the closing of the third acquisition in six months, which as with the Redwater acquisition is providing immediately cash flow to the Company.

This acquisition has increased the Company’s hashrate by over 600% and highlights the Company’s strategic growth plan of stranded gas assets to be coupled with sustainable agricultural assets in the coming months. Ohio has positioned itself as a pioneer in blockchain and cryptocurrency innovation, driven by initiatives like the proposed Ohio Bitcoin Reserve Act (HB 703). This legislation, aimed at leveraging Bitcoin as a hedge against currency devaluation, underscores the state’s commitment to financial and technological advancements. AgriFORCE’s investment in the Columbiana County facility aligns with these efforts, cementing Ohio’s reputation as a leader in clean energy integration and digital asset development.

Economic and Social Benefits

The facility’s operations are expected to generate meaningful economic benefits for Ohio, including:

• Job Creation: The project will create new opportunities in advanced technology and sustainable agriculture, addressing workforce development needs in the region.
• Enhanced Food Security: By implementing agricultural practices that produce nutrient-rich crops, AgriFORCE will contribute to addressing food insecurity challenges in Ohio, where over 14% of households face such issues.

Corporate Structure

The Company currently has the following wholly-owned subsidiaries, which perform the following functions – AgriFORCE Investments and its subsidiary, Radical Technologies, Ltd. holds the Company’s U.S. investments, West Pender Holdings retains real estate assets, West Pender Management is a management company, AGI IP holds the Company’s intellectual property in the U.S., un(Think) Food Company will manufacture food products in the U.S. and un(Think) Food Company Canada Ltd. manufactures food products in Canada:

* Entities have been dissolved.

Summary Three Year History

From the date of Incorporation (December 22, 2017) to the date of this filing, the Company has largely been engaged in completion of its initial corporate organization, assembling its management team, completing the design and engineering of its IP and filing the appropriate intellectual property protection and taking the initial steps to implement its business plan through the commencement of initial operations. Significant milestones during the three-year period ended December 31, 2024 are as follows:

• On February 18, 2022, the Company signed a license agreement with Radical Clean Solutions Ltd (“Radical”), a New York corporation that has developed a patent pending product line consisting of smart hydroxyl generation systems to eliminate 99.99+% of all pathogens, virus, mold, volatile organic compounds and allergy triggers, to commercialize the proprietary hydroxyl generating devices within the CEA and food manufacturing industries. The license grants the rights to AgriFORCE™ in perpetuity as well as joint patent ownership rights for application in CEA.
• On May 18, 2022, the Company completed the acquisition of the food processing intellectual property of Manna Nutritional Group (Manna).
• On January 3, 2023, the Manna patent, which encompasses a process to naturally convert grain, pulses and root vegetables, resulting in low-starch, low-sugar, high-protein, fiber-rich baking flour as well as produces a natural sweetener juice, was approved by the US Patents Office and the title was transferred to the Company.
• On October 18, 2023, the Company delivered its first shipment of hydroxyl generating devices.
• On February 16, 2024, the Company was granted a US patent titled “Structures for Growing Plants (to Generate Micro-Environment Conditions). This continuation patent covers the FORCEGH+ facility design, including the ability to integrate with different automated systems, and expands on the patent granted to the Company on February 23, 2023.
• On April 4, 2024, the Company was granted a standard patent for its high fiber, high protein, low carbohydrate flour, titled, “High fiber, high protein, low carbohydrate flour, sweetened liquid, sweeteners, cereals, and methods for production thereof”, by IP Australia.
• On May 9, 2024, the Company completed delivery of its first batch of eight second-generation AgriForce RCS-Hydroxyl devices to be introduced to the Mexican market.
• On June 10, 2024, the Company was granted a US patent titled “Automated Growing Systems”. The patent covers moving multiple production lines of either vegetation or flowing plants to different areas of a growing facility using conveyor belts and other mechanisms.
• On August 20, 2024, the Company was granted a requested patent titled “Automated Growing Systems” by the Chinese National Intellectual Property Administration. The patent follows the grant of the corresponding US patent, announced in June 2024.
• On August 28, 2024, the Company completed the acquisition of the assets of Radical, and entered into a two-year consulting agreement with Radical’s Chief Executive Officer, who will be heading the development and manufacturing of the Radical product line and serving as President of Radical.
• On November 13, 2024, the Company signed a letter of intent to purchase the Sturgeon County, Alberta Bitcoin mining facility. The acquisition highlights an ongoing strategic shift towards advancement of its sustainable technology initiatives. Bitcoin mining is expected to generate immediate cash flow for the Company, while utilizing the Company’s proprietary technology to set up CEA facilities to capture carbon exhaust to decarbonize and use for sustainable agriculture.
• On December 3, 2024, the Company completed its acquisition of the Surgeon County, Alberta Bitcoin mining facility.
• On December 5, 2024, the Company launched sustainable agriculture operations at the Sturgeon County, Alberta Bitcoin mining facility. Operations will harness excess heat and carbon emissions from Bitcoin mining to provide a novel approach to agricultural productivity while reducing the environmental impact of Bitcoin mining.
• On December 10, 2024, the Company signed a letter of intent to acquire a Bitcoin mining facility in Madison Township, Ohio. The acquisition was completed on January 17, 2025.

11

Financing

On June 30, 2022, the Company entered into security purchase agreements with certain accredited investors (the “Debenture Investors”) for the purchase of $14,025,000 in convertible debentures (the “First Tranche Debentures”) due December 31, 2024. The Debentures were convertible into common shares at $11,100.00 per share. The Convertible Debt Investors had the right to purchase additional tranches of $5,000,000 each, up to a total additional principal amount of $33,000,000. In addition, the Debenture Investors received 822 warrants at a strike price of $12,210.00 which expire on December 31, 2025 (the “First Tranche Debenture Warrants”). The Debenture Warrants and Debentures each have down round provisions whereby the conversion and strike prices will be adjusted downward if the Company issues equity instruments at lower prices.

On January 17, 2023, the Debenture Investors purchased additional tranches totaling $5,076,923 (the “Second Tranche Debentures”) and received 532 warrants (the “Second Tranche Debenture Warrants”). The Second Tranche Debentures and Debenture Warrants were issued with an exercise price of $6,200.00 and expire on July 17, 2025. The issuance of the additional tranches triggered the down round provision, adjusting the exercise prices of the First Tranche Debentures and the First Tranche Debenture Warrants to $6,200.00.

On June 20, 2023 the Company issued 200 common shares with 200 warrants via a private placement for consideration of $250,000.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company issued 1,247 common shares for cash under the ATM public offerings agreement for net proceeds of $939,695. The issuance triggered the down round provision, adjusting the exercise prices of the First and Second Tranche Debentures as well as the First and Second Tranche Debenture Warrants to $550.00.

On October 18, 2023, a Debenture Investor purchased an additional tranche totaling $2,750,000 in convertible debentures (the “Third Tranche Debentures”) and received 6,202 warrants (the “Third Tranche Debenture Warrants”). The Third Tranche Debentures and Debenture Warrants were issued with an exercise price of $262.00 and expire on April 18, 2027. The issuance of the additional tranche further triggered the down round provision, adjusting the exercise prices of the First and Second Tranche Debentures as well as the First and Second Tranche Debenture Warrants to $262.00.

On November 30, 2023, a Debenture Investor purchased an additional tranche totaling $2,750,000 in convertible debentures (the “Fourth Tranche Debentures”) and received 19,861 warrants (the “Fourth Tranche Debenture Warrants”). The Fourth Tranche Debentures and Debenture Warrants were issued with an exercise price of $90.00 and expire on May 30, 2027. The issuance of the additional tranche further triggered the down round provision, adjusting the exercise prices of the First, Second and Third Tranche Debentures as well as the First, Second and Third Tranche Debenture Warrants to $90.00.

On February 21, 2024, a Convertible Debt Investor purchased an additional tranche of $1,100,000 in convertible debentures (the “Fifth Tranche Debentures”) and received 33,411 warrants (the “Fifth Tranche Debenture Warrants”). The Fifth Tranche Debentures and Debenture Warrants were issued with an exercise price of $21.40 and expire on August 21, 2027. The issuance of the additional tranche triggered the down round provision, adjusting the exercise prices of the First, Second, Third, and Fourth tranche of Debentures and the First, Second, Third, Fourth tranche of Debenture Warrants to $21.40.

On April 11, 2024, a Debenture Investor purchased an additional tranche totaling $550,000 in convertible debentures (the “Sixth Tranche Debentures”) and received 21,933 warrants (the “Sixth Tranche Debenture Warrants”). The Sixth Tranche Debentures and Debenture Warrants were issued with an exercise price of $16.30 and $18.00, respectively and expire on October 11, 2027. The issuance of the additional tranche triggered the down round provision, adjusting the conversion prices of the First, Second, Third, Fourth and Fifth Tranche Debentures and the exercise prices of the First, Second, Third, Fourth and Fifth Tranche Warrants to $16.30.

On May 22, 2024, a Debenture Investor purchased an additional tranche totaling $833,000 in convertible debentures (the “Seventh Tranche Debentures”) and received 54,145 warrants (the “Seventh Tranche Debenture Warrants”). The Seventh Tranche Debentures and Debenture Warrants were issued with an exercise price of $10.00 and $11.00, respectively and expire on November 22, 2027. The issuance of the additional tranche triggered the down round provision, adjusting the conversion prices of the First, Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Tranche Debentures and the exercise prices of the First, Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Tranche Warrants to $10.00.

On October 15, 2024, 160,000 shares were sold to two institutional investors at a price per share of $5.00 per share for total proceeds of $800,000. The Shares were registered pursuant to a prospectus supplement on Form 424(b)(4) (to the Registrant’s Prospectus, Registration No. 333-266722, dated August 18, 2022) filed with the SEC on the same day. Each institutional investor (“Purchaser”) is entering into a securities purchase agreement for $400,000 or 80,000 common shares at $5.00 per share. Pursuant to those agreements, the Right of Participation held by Purchaser under Section 4.12 of that certain Securities Purchase Agreement dated June 30, 2022 between the Company and the Purchaser is hereby extended to and including December 31, 2025. If the Company shall sell any shares of its Common Stock pursuant to any at-the-market offering or equity line of credit (however denominated), the Company shall use 25% of the net proceeds from any such sales to repay the principal on any outstanding Debentures (as such term is defined in the June 30, 2022 Securities Purchase Agreement) in accordance with the terms of such Debentures.

From November 7, 2024 through November 13, 2024, the Company issued shares for cash under its at-the-market offering (“ATM”). In total 376,863 shares were issued for gross proceeds of $2,116,741.

The First, Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, and Seventh Tranche Debentures (the “Debentures”) have an interest rate of 5% for the first 12 months, 6% for the subsequent 12 months, and 8% per annum thereafter. Principal repayments will be made in 25 equal instalments which began on September 1, 2022 for the First Tranche Debentures, July 1, 2023 for the Second Tranche Debentures, January 1, 2024 for the Third Tranche Debentures, May 1, 2024 for the Fourth Tranche Debentures, August 1, 2024 for the Fifth tranche Debentures, October 1, 2024 for the Sixth Tranche Debentures and November 1, 2024 for the Seventh Tranche Debentures. The Debentures may be extended by nine months at the election of the Company by paying a sum equal to nine months interest on the principal amount outstanding at the end of the 18th month, at the rate of 8% per annum.

On January 16, 2025, the Company entered into security purchase agreements with certain accredited investors for the purchase of $7,700,000 in convertible debentures (the “January 2025 debentures”) due January 16, 2026. The Debentures were convertible into common shares at $2.62 per share. The Convertible Debt Investors had the right to purchase additional tranches up to a total additional principal amount of $42,300,000. In addition, the accredited investors received 1,910,306 warrants at a strike price of $2.882 which expire on July 16, 2028 (the “January 2025 Debenture Warrants”). The Debenture Warrants and Debentures each have down round provisions whereby the conversion and strike prices will be adjusted downward if the Company issues equity instruments at lower prices. The issuance of the additional tranche triggered the down round provision, adjusting the conversion prices of the First, Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Tranche Debentures and the exercise prices of the First, Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Tranche Warrants to $2.62.

All financings per the above were issued in private placement transactions exempt from registration under Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

Intellectual Property

In accordance with industry practice, the Company protects its proprietary products, technology and its competitive advantage through a combination of contractual provisions and trade secret, copyright and trademark laws in Canada, the United States and in other jurisdictions in which it conducts its business. The Company also has confidentiality agreements, assignment agreements and license agreements with employees and third parties, which limit access to and use of its intellectual property.

Patents

13

Trademarks

Competitor Comparison and Differentiation

Solutions

The Company believes that it has no direct competitors who provide a proprietary facility design and automated grow system as well as a system of operational processes designed to optimize the performance of the Company’s grow houses. On a broader basis, the competitive landscape includes greenhouse vendors, agriculture systems providers, automated grow system vendors, and system/solutions consultants.

The Company believes it has developed one of the world’s most technologically advanced indoor agriculture systems by focusing on competitive differentiators to deliver vastly improved results beyond conventional indoor approaches. By conceiving new IP, as well as utilizing tried trued tested existing Ag-Tech and Bio-Tech solutions, the Company delivers integrated unique architectural design, intelligent automation and advanced growing processes to create precisely controlled growing environments optimized for each nominated crop variety. These precision ecosystems should enable the Company to cost-effectively produce the cleanest, greenest and most flavorful produce, as well as consistent medical-grade plant-based nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals, available.

The Company believes that is has the rights to one of the world’s most effective and safe purification solutions via its ownership of Radical Clean Solutions. The Company understands that it has competition, however, the quality of the construction and design of the Radical Clean Solutions has proven to highly effective for the Company’s customers.

Brands

Our patented technology naturally processes and converts grains, pulses, and root vegetables into low-starch, low-sugar, high-protein fiber-rich baking flour products. The Company is developing a range of consumer products to transform the consumers’ diet in multiple verticals.

The Company’s UN(THINK)™ power flour has 40 times more fiber, 3 times more protein, and 75% less net carbs than regular all-purpose flour8.

(8) Based on protein, fiber, and starch content figures from a nationally certified independent laboratory, as compared to standard all-purpose flour.

Recent Developments

Management Restructuring

On January 25, 2024, Troy McClellan , President of AgriFORCE Solutions, submitted a letter of resignation to the Company. On January 25, 2024, the Company accepted his resignation and deemed it effective immediately pursuant to Section 7.3 of his employment agreement with the Company which permits waiver by the Company of Mr. McClellan’s notice period (through March 31, 2024) and corresponding acceleration of the resignation date.

On February 10, 2024, Richard Wong resumed his original role as Chief Financial Officer in order to focus on finance and accounting matters for the Company. Effective as of the same day, Jolie Kahn was appointed Executive Turnaround Consultant to support the Company’s operational growth and expansion efforts. On June 4, 2024, the Board Directors appointed Jolie Kahn as Chief Executive Officer. Jolie Kahn shall report to David Welch, Executive Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Company.

On February 19, 2024, Margaret Honey resigned as a Director of (the “Company”) to pursue other interests. The resignation is not the result of any disagreement with the Company.

On June 4, 2024, the Board of Directors of the Company appointed Jolie Kahn as Chief Executive Officer. Previously, on February 10, 2024, Jolie Kahn was appointed Executive Turnaround Consultant to support the Company’s operational growth and expansion efforts. Jolie Kahn will continue to support these efforts and to report to the Board of Directors of the Company.

On January 21, 2025, the Board of Directors of the Company appointed Dr. Barrett Mooney as Chief Operating Officer.

On March 4, 2025, Richard Wong and the Company mutually agreed to conclude his employment with the Company. Chris Polimeni was appointed by the board to succeed Richard Wong. Richard Wong will serve in an advisory role to ensure a smooth transition while continuing to support the company’s commitment to delivering value to shareholders and customers.

Employees

As of April 7, 2025, the Company has three (3) employees and eight (8) consultants /contractors. The Company also relies on consultants and contractors to conduct its operations. The Company anticipates that it will be hiring additional employees to support its planned activities.

Operations

The Company primary operating activities are in Ohio, USA and Alberta, Canada. The Company’s head office is located in Vancouver, Canada.

Status as an Emerging Growth Company

On April 5, 2012, the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, or the JOBS Act, was enacted. Section 107 of the JOBS Act provides that an “emerging growth company” can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, for complying with new or revised accounting standards. In other words, an “emerging growth company” can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We have irrevocably elected to avail ourselves of this extended transition period and, as a result, we will adopt new or revised accounting standards on the relevant dates on which adoption of such standards is required for private companies.

We are in the process of evaluating the benefits of relying on other exemptions and reduced reporting requirements provided by the JOBS Act. Subject to certain conditions set forth in the JOBS Act, as an “emerging growth company,” we intend to rely on certain of these exemptions from, without limitation, (i) providing an auditor’s attestation report on our system of internal controls over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and (ii) complying with any requirement that may be adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) regarding mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor’s report providing additional information about the audit and the financial statements, known as the auditor discussion and analysis. We will remain an “emerging growth company” until the earliest of (a) the last day of our fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the closing of this offering, (b) the last day of the first fiscal year in which our annual gross revenues exceed $1.07 billion, (c) the last day of our fiscal year in which we are deemed to be a “large accelerated filer” as defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or Exchange Act (which would occur if the market value of our equity securities that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter), or (d) the date on which we have issued more than $1 billion in nonconvertible debt during the preceding three-year period.

Risks Relating to the Company’s Business

The Company is an early stage company with little operating history, a history of losses and the Company cannot assure profitability.

The Company currently has little revenues and does not have any significant history of revenue generating operations. The Company has experience recurring net losses since its inception. The commercial or operating viability of the Company’s business plans have not been proven. There is no assurance that the revenue generated from its operations, and if those revenues, when and if generated, will be sufficient to sustain operations, nonetheless achieve profitability.

There is no assurance that the Company’s FORCEGH+™ facilities will operate as intended.

The Company’s initial state of its business operations will be to construct and deploy and license its initial FORCEGH+. Accordingly, this component of the Company’s business plan is subject to considerable risks, including:

• the costs of constructing and operating the laboratories may be greater than anticipated;
• the potential offtake partners who have indicated a willingness to deploy the laboratories at their existing cultivation operations may withdraw and determine not to deploy the laboratories;
• there is no assurance that the facilities will deliver the intended benefits of high production yields, lower crop losses and reduced operation costs;
• if the company is not able to fully develop the grow house or it does not operate as intended, it could prevent the company from realizing any of its business goals or achieving profitability;
• the costs of constructing the grow houses may be greater than anticipated and the Company may not be able to recover these greater costs through increases in the lease rates, license fees and services fees that it charges to its customers; and
• the costs of operating the grow house may be greater than anticipated.

There is no assurance that UN(THINK)™ will operate as intended.

The Company’s plans for developing and advancing the UN(THINK)™ are in its preliminary stages. The Company has yet to fully launch their range of products in either the B2B or D2C channels. Accordingly, this component of the Company’s business plan is subject to considerable risks, including:

• the potential B2B sales may not achieved the planned levels of sales;
• there is no assurance that the Company’s production partners will deliver the planned production levels or scale;
• the quality of product from the co-manufacturing may not be sufficient.
• the cost from co-manufacturing may be greater than anticipated.
• the demand for the products may not be as high as predicted.
• the pricing of the products may deter potential buyers and may not cover the cost of production.
• the brand may not attract sufficient volume.

There is no assurance that Hydroxyl Generating Systems will operate as intended.

The Company’s plans for developing and expanding sales of the AgriFORCE Clean Solutions are in its preliminary stages. The Company has yet to generate remarkable sales of its Hydroxyl products. Accordingly, this component of the Company’s business plan is subject to considerable risks, including:

• the quality of product from the co-manufacturing may not be sufficient.
• the cost from co-manufacturing may be greater than anticipated.
• the demand for the products may not be as high as predicted.
• the pricing of the products may deter potential buyers and may not cover the cost of production.
• the brand may not attract sufficient volume.
• the quality of product from the co-manufacturing may not be sufficient.

17

There is no assurance that Bitcoin mining operations will operate as intended.

Bitcoin prices are highly volatile, which may affect our ability to effectively manage growth plans and our profitability.

The price of bitcoin is extremely volatile. The cost to mine a bitcoin is independent of the then current price of bitcoin, so when prices are low, the cost per coin to mine may consume much of our available cash, which means that there is less capital with which to invest in future company growth. Similarly, when prices are low, our profitability is decreased on a dollar-for-dollar basis correlated to the then price of bitcoin. Given the volatility of bitcoin, these factors render us unable to accurately predict in advance what our growth plans may be and accurately forecast any revenue and profitability projections for any reporting period.

The price of bitcoin may be influenced by regulatory, commercial, and technical factors that are highly uncertain.

Bitcoin and other digital assets are relatively novel and are subject to various risks and uncertainties that may adversely impact their price. For example, the application of securities laws and other regulations to such assets is unclear in certain respects, and it is possible that regulators in the United States or foreign countries may create new regulations or interpret laws in a manner that adversely affects the price of bitcoin. The growth of the digital assets industry in general, and the use and acceptance of bitcoin in particular, may also impact the price of bitcoin and is subject to a high degree of uncertainty. The pace of worldwide growth in the adoption and use of bitcoin could depend on the following:

• public familiarity with digital assets;
• ease of buying and accessing bitcoin;
• institutional demand for bitcoin as an investment asset;
• consumer demand for bitcoin as a means of payment; and
• the availability and popularity of alternatives to bitcoin.

Even if growth in bitcoin adoption occurs in the near or medium-term, there is no assurance that bitcoin usage will continue to grow over the long-term. Because bitcoin has no physical existence beyond the record of transactions on the Bitcoin blockchain, a variety of technical factors related to the Bitcoin blockchain could also impact the price of bitcoin. For example, malicious attacks by “miners” who validate bitcoin transactions, inadequate mining fees to incentivize validating of bitcoin transactions, “hard forks” of the Bitcoin blockchain, and advances in quantum computing could undercut the integrity of the Bitcoin blockchain and negatively affect the price of bitcoin. The liquidity of bitcoin may also be reduced and damage to the public perception of bitcoin may occur, if financial institutions were to deny banking services to businesses that hold bitcoin, provide bitcoin-related services or accept bitcoin as payment, which could also decrease the price of bitcoin.

Fluctuations in the price of bitcoin may significantly influence the market price of our bitcoin holdings and therefore, the price of our common stock.

To the extent investors view the value of our common stock as linked to the value or change in the value of our bitcoin, fluctuations in the price of bitcoin may significantly influence the market price of our common stock.

If we fail to grow our hash rate, we may be unable to compete, and our results of operations could suffer.

Generally, a bitcoin miner’s chance of solving a block on the Bitcoin blockchain and earning a bitcoin reward is a function of the miner’s hash rate (i.e., the amount of computing power devoted to supporting the Bitcoin blockchain), relative to the global network hash rate. As greater adoption of Bitcoin occurs, we expect the demand for Bitcoin will increase further, drawing more mining companies into the industry and thereby increasing the global network hash rate. As new and more powerful miners are deployed, the global network hash rate will continue to increase, meaning a miner’s chance of earning bitcoin rewards will decline unless it deploys additional hash rate at pace with the industry.

Accordingly, to maintain our chances of earning new bitcoin rewards and remaining competitive in our industry, we must seek to continually add new miners to grow our hash rate at pace with the growth in the Bitcoin global network hash rate. However, as demand has increased and scarcity in the supply of new miners has resulted, the price of new miners has increased sharply, and we expect this process to continue in the future as demand for bitcoin increases. Therefore, if the price of bitcoin is not sufficiently high to allow us to fund our hash rate growth through new miner acquisitions and if we are otherwise unable to access additional capital to acquire these miners, our hash rate may stagnate and we may fall behind our competitors. If this happens, our chances of earning new bitcoin rewards would decline and, as such, our results of operations and financial condition may suffer.

Geopolitical or economic crises may create increased uncertainty and price changes, or motivate large-scale sales of digital assets, which could result in a reduction in some or all digital assets’ values and adversely affect an investment in our securities.

As an alternative to fiat currencies that are backed by central governments, digital assets such as bitcoin, which are relatively new, are subject to supply and demand forces based upon the desirability of an alternative, decentralized means of buying and selling goods and services. It is unclear how such supply and demand will be impacted by geopolitical events. Nevertheless, geopolitical or economic crises may motivate large-scale acquisitions or sales of digital assets either globally or locally. Large-scale sales of digital assets would result in a reduction in their value and could adversely affect an investment in our securities.

In addition, we are subject to price volatility and uncertainty due to geopolitical crises and economic downturns. Such geopolitical crises and global economic downturns may be a result of invasion, or possible invasion, by one nation of another, leading to increased inflation and supply chain volatility. Such crises, as well as inflation, will likely continue to have an effect on our ability to do business in a cost-effective manner.

The sale of our digital assets to pay expenses at a time of low digital asset prices could adversely affect an investment in our securities.

We may sell our digital assets to pay expenses on an as-needed basis, irrespective of then-current prices. Consequently, our digital assets may be sold at a time when the prices on the respective digital asset exchange market are low, which could adversely affect an investment in our securities.

The development and acceptance of digital asset networks and other digital assets, which represent a new and rapidly changing industry, are subject to a variety of factors that are difficult to evaluate. The slowing or stopping of the development or acceptance of digital asset systems may adversely affect an investment in our securities.

Digital assets such as bitcoin, that may be used, among other things, to buy and sell goods and services are a new and rapidly evolving industry. The growth of the digital asset industry in general, and the digital asset networks of bitcoin in particular, are highly uncertain. The factors affecting the further development of the digital asset industry, as well as the digital asset networks, include:

• continued worldwide growth in the adoption and use of bitcoins and other digital assets;
• government and quasi-government regulation of bitcoins and other digital assets and their use, or restrictions on or regulation of access to and operation of the digital asset network or similar digital assets systems;
• the maintenance and development of the open-source software protocol of the Bitcoin network;
• changes in consumer demographics and public tastes and preferences;
• the availability and popularity of other forms or methods of buying and selling goods and services, including new means of using fiat currencies;
• general economic conditions and the regulatory environment relating to digital assets;
• the impact of regulators focusing on digital assets and digital securities and the costs associated with such regulatory oversight; and
• a decline in the popularity or acceptance of the digital asset networks of bitcoin, or similar digital asset systems, could adversely affect an investment in our securities.

19

The open-source structure of the Bitcoin network protocol means the contributors to the protocol are generally not directly compensated for their contributions in maintaining and developing the protocol. A failure to properly monitor and upgrade the protocol could damage the Bitcoin network and an investment in our securities.

Digital asset networks are open-source projects and, although there is an influential group of leaders in, for example, the Bitcoin network community known as the “Core Developers,” there is no official developer or group of developers that formally controls the Bitcoin network. As an open-source project, Bitcoin is not represented by an official organization or authority. The Bitcoin network protocol is not sold and contributors are generally not compensated for maintaining and updating the Bitcoin network protocol. The lack of guaranteed financial incentive for contributors to maintain or develop the Bitcoin network and the lack of guaranteed resources to adequately address emerging issues with the Bitcoin network may reduce incentives to address the issues adequately or in a timely manner. Changes to a digital asset network in which we are directing our mining efforts may adversely affect an investment in our securities.

The acceptance of digital asset network software patches or upgrades by a significant, but not overwhelming, percentage of the users and miners in any digital asset network could result in a “fork” in the respective blockchain, resulting in the operation of two separate networks until such time as the forked blockchains are merged. The temporary or permanent existence of forked blockchains could adversely impact an investment in our securities.

Due to Bitcoin’s open-source project, any individual can download the Bitcoin network software and make any desired modifications, which are proposed to users and miners on the Bitcoin network through software downloads and upgrades, and typically posted to the Bitcoin development forum on GitHub.com. A substantial majority of miners and Bitcoin users must consent to those software modifications by downloading the altered software or upgrade that implements the changes. If not, the changes do not become a part of the Bitcoin network.

Since the Bitcoin network’s inception, changes to the Bitcoin network have been accepted by the vast majority of users and miners, ensuring that the Bitcoin network remains a coherent economic system. However, a developer or group of developers could potentially propose a modification to the Bitcoin network that is not accepted by a vast majority of miners and users, but that is nonetheless accepted by a substantial population of participants in the Bitcoin network. In such a case, and if the modification is material and/or not backwards compatible with the prior version of Bitcoin network software, a fork in the blockchain could develop and two separate Bitcoin networks could result with one running the pre-modification software program and the other running the modified version (i.e., a second “Bitcoin” network).

Such a fork in the blockchain is typically addressed by community-led efforts to merge the forked blockchains, and several prior forks have been so merged. This kind of split in the Bitcoin network could materially and adversely impact an investment in our securities and harm the sustainability of the Bitcoin network’s economy.

As the number of digital assets awarded for solving a block in the blockchain decreases, the incentive for miners to continue to contribute processing power to the respective digital asset network will transition from a set reward to transaction fees. Either the requirement from miners of higher transaction fees in exchange for recording transactions in the blockchain or a software upgrade that automatically charges fees for all transactions may decrease demand for digital assets and prevent the expansion of the digital asset networks to retail merchants and commercial businesses, resulting in a reduction in the price of digital assets that could adversely impact an investment in our securities.

In order to incentivize miners to continue to contribute processing power to any digital asset network, such network may either formally or informally transition from a set reward to transaction fees earned upon solving for a block. This transition could be accomplished either by miners independently electing to record in the blocks they solve only those transactions that include payment of a transaction fee or by the digital asset network adopting software upgrades that require the payment of a minimum transaction fee for all transactions. If transaction fees paid for digital asset transactions become too high, the marketplace may be reluctant to accept digital assets as a means of payment and existing users may be motivated to switch from one digital asset to another digital asset or back to fiat currency. Decreased use and demand for bitcoins that we have accumulated may adversely affect its value and may adversely impact an investment in it.

To the extent that any miners cease to record transactions in solved blocks, transactions that do not include the payment of a transaction fee will not be recorded on the blockchain until a block is solved by a miner who does not require the payment of transaction fees. Any widespread delays in the recording of transactions could result in a loss of confidence in that digital asset network, which could adversely impact an investment in our securities.

To the extent that any miners cease to record transaction in solved blocks, such transactions will not be recorded on the blockchain. Currently, there are no known incentives for miners to actively not record transactions in solved blocks. However, to the extent that any such incentives arise (e.g., a collective movement among miners or one or more mining pools forcing bitcoin users to pay transaction fees as a substitute for or in addition to the award of new bitcoins upon the solving of a block), actions of miners solving a significant number of blocks could delay the recording and confirmation of transactions on the blockchain. Any systemic delays in the recording and confirmation of transactions on the blockchain could result in greater exposure to double-spending transactions and a loss of confidence in certain or all digital asset networks, which could adversely impact an investment in our securities.

If a malicious actor or botnet obtains control in excess of 50% of the processing power active on any digital asset network, including the Bitcoin network, it is possible that such actor or botnet could manipulate the blockchain in a manner that adversely affects an investment in our securities.

If a malicious actor or botnet (a volunteer or hacked collection of computers controlled by networked software coordinating the actions of the computers) obtains a majority of the processing power dedicated to mining on any digital asset network, it may be able to alter the blockchain by constructing alternate blocks if it is able to solve for such blocks faster than the remainder of the miners on the blockchain can add valid blocks. Within the alternate blocks, the malicious actor or botnet could control, exclude or modify the ordering of transaction. However, it could not generate new digital assets or transactions using such control. Using alternate blocks, the malicious actor or botnet could “double-spend” its own digital assets (i.e., spend the same digital assets in more than one transaction) and prevent the confirmation of other users’ transactions for so long as it maintains control. To the extent that such malicious actor or botnet does not yield its majority control of the processing power or the digital asset community does not reject the fraudulent blocks as malicious, reversing any changes made to the blockchain may not be possible. Such changes could adversely affect an investment in our securities.

The approach towards and possible crossing of the 50% threshold indicates a greater risk that a single mining pool could exert authority over the validation of digital asset transactions. To the extent that the digital assets ecosystems do not act to ensure greater decentralization of digital asset mining processing power, the feasibility of a malicious actor obtaining in excess of 50% of the processing power on any digital asset network (e.g., through control of a large mining pool or through hacking such a mining pool) will increase, which may adversely impact an investment in our securities.

Bitcoin is subject to halving, and as such the reward for successfully solving a block will halve several times in the future and its value may not adjust to compensate us for the reduction in the rewards we receive from our mining efforts, which could cause us to cease our mining operations altogether and investors could suffer a complete loss of their investment.

Halving is a process designed to control the overall supply and reduce the risk of inflation in digital assets using a Proof-of-Work consensus algorithm. In an event referred to as bitcoin “halving,” the bitcoin reward for mining any block is cut in half. For example, the mining reward for bitcoin declined from 12.5 to 6.25 bitcoin on May 11, 2020 and from 6.25 to 3.125 bitcoin on April 19, 2024. This process is scheduled to occur once every 210,000 blocks. It is estimated that bitcoin will next halve in April 2028 and then approximately every four years thereafter, until the total amount of bitcoin rewards issued reaches 21.0 million, and the theoretical supply of new Bitcoin is exhausted, which is expected to occur around 2140. Once 21.0 million bitcoin are generated, the network will stop producing more. Currently, there are more than 19.0 million bitcoin in circulation. While bitcoin prices have had a history of price fluctuations around halving events, there is no guarantee that any such price change will be favorable or would compensate for the reduction in mining reward. If a corresponding and proportionate increase in the price of bitcoin does not follow these anticipated halving events, the revenue from our mining operations would decrease, and we may not have an adequate incentive to continue mining and may cease mining operations altogether, which may adversely affect an investment in our securities and investors could suffer a complete loss of their investment.

Furthermore, such reductions in bitcoin rewards for uncovering blocks may result in a reduction in the aggregate hash rate of the bitcoin network as the incentive for miners decreases. Miners ceasing operations would reduce the collective processing power on the network, which would adversely affect the confirmation process for transactions and make the bitcoin network more vulnerable to malicious actors or botnets obtaining control in excess of 50% of the processing power active on the blockchain. Such events may adversely affect our activities and an investment in our securities.

To the extent that the profit margins of digital asset mining operations are not high, operators of digital asset mining operations are more likely to immediately sell their digital assets earned by mining in the digital asset exchange market, resulting in a reduction in the price of digital assets that could adversely impact an investment in our securities.

Over the past few years, digital asset mining operations have evolved from individual users mining with computer processors, graphics processing units and first-generation mining rigs. Currently, new processing power brought onto the digital asset networks is predominantly added by “professionalized” mining operations. Professionalized mining operations may use proprietary hardware or sophisticated machines.

Professionalized mining operations require:

• the investment of significant capital for the acquisition of such hardware;
• the leasing of operating space (often in data centers or warehousing facilities);
• incurring of electricity costs; and
• the employment of technicians to operate the mining farms.

As a result, professionalized mining operations are of a greater scale than prior miners and have more defined, regular expenses and liabilities. These regular expenses and liabilities require professionalized mining operations to more immediately sell digital assets earned from mining operations on the digital asset exchange market. To the contrary, it is believed that past individual miners were more likely to hold mined digital assets for more extended periods. The immediate selling of newly mined digital assets greatly increases the supply of digital assets on the digital asset exchange market, creating downward pressure on the price of each digital asset.

The extent to which the value of digital assets mined by a professionalized mining operation exceeds the allocable capital and operating costs determines the profit margin of such operation. A professionalized mining operation may be more likely to sell a higher percentage of its newly mined digital assets rapidly if it is operating at a low profit margin—and it may partially or completely stop operations if its profit margin is negative.

In a low profit margin environment, a higher percentage could be sold into the digital asset exchange market more rapidly, potentially reducing digital asset prices. Lower digital asset prices may result in further tightening of profit margins, particularly for professionalized mining operations with higher costs and more limited capital reserves, creating a network effect that may further reduce the price of digital assets until mining operations with higher operating costs become unprofitable and remove mining power from the respective digital asset network. The network effect of reduced profit margins resulting in greater sales of newly mined digital assets could result in a reduction in the price of digital assets that could adversely impact an investment in our securities.

The loss or destruction of a private key required to access a digital asset may be irreversible. Our loss of access to our private keys or a data loss relating to our digital assets could adversely affect an investment in our securities.

Digital assets are controllable only by the possessor of both the unique public key and private key relating to the local or online digital wallet which hold the digital assets. We are required by the operators of digital asset networks to publish the public key relating to a digital wallet in use once we first verify a spending transaction from that digital wallet and broadcast such information into the respective network. To the extent a private key is lost, destroyed or otherwise compromised and no backup of the private key is accessible, we will be unable to access the digital assets and the private key will not be capable of being restored by the respective digital asset network. Any loss of private keys relating to digital wallets used to store our digital assets could adversely affect an investment in our securities.

Security threats to our business could result in, a loss of our digital assets, or damage to our reputation and our brand, each of which could adversely affect an investment in our securities.

Security breaches, computer malware and computer hacking attacks have been a prevalent concern in the digital asset exchange markets. A security breach caused by hacking, could include, but is not limited to:

• efforts to gain unauthorized access to information or systems;
• efforts to cause intentional malfunctions or loss or corruption of data, software, hardware or other computer equipment; and
• the inadvertent transmission of computer viruses.

A security breach by hacking could harm our operations or result in loss of our digital assets. Any breach of our and our partners’ infrastructure could result in reputational harm and erode the trust of our partners and stockholders, which could adversely affect an investment in our securities. Furthermore, as our assets grow, we may become a more appealing target for security threats such as hackers and malware.

We rely on third-party custody providers’ 100% cold-storage custody solutions held in a purpose-built physically secure environments based on established, industry best practices to safeguard digital assets from theft, loss, destruction or other issues relating to hackers and technological attack. Notwithstanding the safeguards implemented to protect our assets, the third-party security systems may not be impenetrable or free from defect, and any loss due to a security breach, software defect or event outside of our control will be borne by us.

The security system and operational infrastructure may be breached due to the actions of outside parties, error or malfeasance of an employee, or otherwise, and, as a result, an unauthorized party may obtain access to our private keys, data or bitcoins. Additionally, outside parties may attempt to fraudulently induce our employees to disclose sensitive information in order to gain access to our infrastructure.

Despite our efforts, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or implement adequate preventative measures since the hacking techniques used are often not recognized until launched against a target. If an actual or perceived breach of our security system occurs, the market perception of the effectiveness of our controls could be harmed, which could adversely affect an investment in our securities.

Further, in the event of a security breach, we may be subject to litigation forced to cease operations, or suffer a reduction in assets, the occurrence of each of which could adversely affect an investment in our securities.

Our ability to adopt technology in response to changing security needs or trends and our reliance on, third-party custody providers, poses a challenge to the safekeeping of our digital assets.

The history of digital asset exchanges has shown that exchanges and large holders of digital assets must adapt to technological change in order to secure and safeguard their digital assets. We rely on third-party custody providers’ 100% cold-storage custody solutions held in a purpose-built physically secure environment based on established, industry best practices to safeguard digital assets from theft, loss, destruction or other issues relating to hackers and technological attack.

We believe we may become a more appealing target of security threats as the size of our bitcoin holdings grow. To the extent that we, or any of our third-party custody providers, are unable to identify, mitigate or stop new security threats, our digital assets may be subject to theft, loss, destruction or other attack, which could adversely affect an investment in our securities. To the extent that our third-party custody providers are no longer able to safeguard our assets due to the current banking crisis, we would be at risk of loss if safeguarding protocols fail.

Digital asset transactions are irrevocable and stolen or incorrectly transferred digital assets may be irretrievable. As a result, any incorrectly executed digital asset transactions could adversely affect an investment in our securities.

Digital asset transactions are not, from an administrative perspective, reversible without the consent and active participation of the recipient of the transaction or, in theory, control or consent of a majority of the processing power on that digital asset network. Once a transaction has been verified and recorded in a block that is added to the blockchain, an incorrect transfer of digital assets or a theft of digital assets generally will not be reversible, and we may not be capable of seeking compensation for any such transfer or theft. Although we regularly transfer digital assets to or from vendors, consultants, services providers, it is possible that, through computer or human error, or through theft or criminal action, such assets could be transferred in incorrect amounts or to unauthorized third parties. To the extent we are unable to seek a corrective transaction to identify the third party which has received our digital assets through error or theft, we will be unable to revert or otherwise recover the impacted digital assets, and any such loss could adversely affect an investment in our securities.

The limited rights of legal recourse against us, and our lack of insurance protection expose us and our stockholders to the risk of loss of our digital assets for which no person is liable.

Our digital assets are not insured. If our digital assets are lost, stolen or destroyed under circumstances rendering a party liable to us, the responsible party may not have the financial resources sufficient to satisfy our claim. For example, as to a particular event of loss, the only source of recovery for us might be limited to the extent identifiable, other responsible third parties (e.g., a thief or terrorist), any of which may not have the financial resources (including liability insurance coverage) to satisfy a valid claim. Furthermore, bitcoin is not subject to Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) or Securities Investor Protection Corporation protection, which is the protection afforded to depositors at banking institutions. Therefore, a loss may be suffered with respect to our digital assets for which no recourse is available, which could adversely affect our operations and, consequently, an investment in our securities.

If we or our third-party service providers experience a security breach or cyberattack and unauthorized parties obtain access to our bitcoin, we may lose some or all of our bitcoin and our financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.

Security breaches and cyberattacks are of particular concern with respect to our bitcoin. Bitcoin and other blockchain-based digital assets have been, and may in the future be, subject to security breaches, cyberattacks, or other malicious activities. A successful security breach or cyberattack could result in a partial or total loss of our bitcoin in a manner that may not be covered by insurance or indemnity provisions of the custody agreement with a custodian who holds our bitcoin. Such a loss could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

We rely on third-party hosting, and as such, our operations could be adversely affected by the actions or inactions of such third-parties. Additionally, third-party hosting, among other things, often requires us to give the hosting company, a first lien on the mining rigs installed on the site and creates business risk for us.

We do not self-host our mining rigs and rely upon third-party hosting facilities to power our mining rigs. Our operations and ability to mine bitcoin could be adversely affected if operators we rely on to operate our bitcoin miners experience general incompetence in performing their duties, experience financial difficulties or bankruptcy, or otherwise cannot operate our bitcoin miners in accordance with their contractual obligations.

We are dependent upon the financial viability of our third-party hosting operators. As a result, our operations are highly dependent on these third-parties and could be adversely affected by the actions or inactions of our third-party hosting operators. Furthermore, in most hosting contracts, there is a requirement that the miner agrees to permit the hosting company to place a lien on the actual mining machines being hosted. If the hosting company files for bankruptcy, it may take months for the liens to be lifted, while the bankruptcy court and parties litigate these contracts and resolves issues as to ownership of assets and related areas. In these contracts, we are often required to make significant deposits against future mining fees. If the hosting party utilizes the deposits, we could risk loss of the deposits and be left with an unsecured claim in the bankruptcy. Lastly, as the bankruptcy process includes an automatic stay in favor of the debtor company, until the stay is lifted or a bankruptcy plan approved, we may not be able to move our mining rigs to a different location, even if the debtor rejects our hosting contract.

We have engaged in, and in the future may engage in, strategic acquisitions and other arrangements that could disrupt our business, cause dilution to our stockholders, reduce our financial resources and harm our operating results.

We have previously engaged in strategic transactions, including acquisitions of companies, miners, and bitcoin mining sites, and, as part of our growth strategy, in the future, we may seek additional opportunities to grow our mining operations, including through purchases of miners, data centers and other facilities from other operating companies, including companies in financial distress. Our ability to grow through future acquisitions will depend on the availability of, and our ability to identify, suitable acquisition and investment opportunities at an acceptable cost, our ability to compete effectively to attract those opportunities and the availability of financing to complete acquisitions. Future acquisitions may require us to issue common stock that would dilute our current stockholders’ percentage ownership, assume or otherwise be subject to liabilities of an acquired company, record goodwill and non-amortizable intangible assets that will be subject to impairment testing on a regular basis and potential periodic impairment charges, incur amortization expenses related to certain intangible assets, incur large acquisition and integration costs, immediate write-offs, and restructuring and other related expenses and become subject to litigation.

The benefits of an acquisition or our expansion into may also take considerable time to develop, and we cannot be certain that any particular acquisition will produce the intended benefits in a timely manner or to the extent anticipated or at all. We may experience difficulties integrating the operations, technologies and personnel of an acquired company or be subjected to liability for the target’s pre-acquisition activities or operations as a successor in interest. Such integration may divert management’s attention from normal daily operations of our business. Future acquisitions may also expose us to potential risks, including risks associated with entering markets in which we have no or limited prior experience, especially when competitors in such markets have stronger market positions, the possibility of insufficient revenues to offset the expenses we incur in connection with an acquisition and the potential loss of, or harm to, our relationships with employees and suppliers as a result of integration of new businesses.

Additionally, we may be unable to pursue our current acquisition strategy in the future. In addition to mining and holding bitcoin, and such related acquisitions, we have explored, and we may in the future explore, opportunities to become more involved in businesses that expand or supplement those directly related to the self-mining of bitcoin as favorable market conditions and opportunities arise. We cannot be certain that such opportunities will produce the intended benefits in a timely manner or to the extent anticipated or at all. These opportunities could also expose us to similar risks associated with our strategic acquisitions, as discussed above.

We may not realize the anticipated benefits of, and synergies from, acquisitions and may become responsible for certain liabilities and integration costs as a result.

The businesses we have proposed to acquire have previously operated independently from us. The proposed integrations of our operations with the proposed businesses acquisitions are intended to result in financial and operational benefits, and business synergies. There can be no assurance, however, regarding when or the extent to which we will be able to realize these and other benefits. Integration may also be difficult, unpredictable, and subject to delay because of possible company culture conflicts, system integrations, regulatory compliance, and other factors. Difficulties associated with the integration of the proposed business acquisitions could have a material adverse effect on our business.

Fluctuations in the exchange rate of foreign currencies could result in losses.

We incur a portion of our operating expenses in Canadian dollars, and in the future, as we expand into other foreign countries, we expect to incur operating expenses in other foreign currencies. We are exposed to foreign exchange rate fluctuations as the financial results of our international operations are translated from the local functional currency into U.S. dollars upon consolidation. A decline in the U.S. dollar relative to foreign functional currencies would increase our non-U.S. revenue and improve our operating results. Conversely, if the U.S. dollar strengthens relative to foreign functional currencies, our revenue and operating results would be adversely affected. We have not previously engaged in foreign currency hedging. If we decide to hedge our foreign currency exchange rate exposure, we may not be able to hedge effectively due to lack of experience, unreasonable costs or illiquid markets.

The Company will require additional financing and there is no assurance that additional financing will be available when required.

The Company will require substantial additional capital in order to execute its business plan. Existing funds will not be sufficient and additional financing will be needed for this purpose and for other purposes. The Company plans to achieve this additional financing through equity and/or debt financing which will likely be dilutive to the position of then current shareholders. However, there is no assurance that this financing will be available at favorable terms, if at all, when required, given the Company’s small asset base and current lack of revenue.

The Company had negative cash flow for the year ended December 31, 2024.

The Company had negative cash flows from operating activities for year ended December 31, 2024. To the extent that the Company has negative cash flows from operating activities in future periods, it may need to allocate a portion of its cash reserves to fund such negative cash flow. The Company may also be required to raise additional funds through the issuance of equity or debt securities. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to generate a positive cash flow from operating activities, that additional capital or other types of financing will be available when needed or that these financings will be on terms favorable to the Company. The Company’s actual financial position and results of operations may differ materially from the expectations of the Company’s management.

The Company’s actual financial position and results of operations may differ materially from the expectations of the Company’s management.

The Company’s actual financial position and results of operations may differ materially from management’s expectations. The process for estimating the Company’s revenue, net income and cash flow requires the use of judgment in determining the appropriate assumptions and estimates. These estimates and assumptions may be revised as additional information becomes available and as additional analyses are performed. In addition, the assumptions used in planning may not prove to be accurate, and other factors may affect the Company’s financial condition or results of operations. As a result, the Company’s revenue, net income and cash flow may differ materially from the Company’s projected revenue, net income and cash flow.

The Company expects to incur significant ongoing costs and obligations related to its investment in infrastructure, growth, regulatory compliance and operations.

The Company expects to incur significant ongoing costs and obligations related to its planned investments. To the extent that these costs may be greater than anticipated or the Company may not be able to generate revenues or raise additional financing to cover these costs, these operating expenses could have a material adverse impact on the Company’s results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. In addition, future changes in regulations, more vigorous enforcement thereof or other unanticipated events could increase costs and have a material adverse effect on the business, results of operations and financial condition of the Company. The Company may not be able to recover sufficient revenues to offset its higher operating expenses or to recoup its initial capital investment. The Company may incur significant losses in the future for a number of reasons, including, unforeseen expenses, difficulties, complications and delays, and other unknown events. If the Company is unable to achieve and sustain profitability, the market price of our securities may significantly decrease.

There is no assurance the Company will be able to repatriate or distribute funds for investment from the United States to Canada or elsewhere.

In the event that any of the Company’s investments, or any proceeds thereof, any dividends or distributions there from, or any profits or revenues accruing from such investments in the United States were found to be in violation of money laundering legislation or otherwise, such transactions may be viewed as proceeds of crime under applicable federal laws, rules and regulations or any other applicable legislation. This could restrict or otherwise jeopardize the ability of the Company to declare or pay dividends, effect other distributions or subsequently repatriate such funds back to Canada or elsewhere.

The Company may not be able to effectively manage its growth and operations, which could materially and adversely affect its business.

If the Company implements it business plan as intended, it may in the future experience rapid growth and development in a relatively short period of time. The management of this growth will require, among other things, continued development of the Company’s financial and management controls and management information systems, stringent control of costs, the ability to attract and retain qualified management personnel and the training of new personnel. The Company intends to utilize outsourced resources, and hire additional personnel, to manage its expected growth and expansion. Failure to successfully manage its possible growth and development could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business and the value of the shares.

The Company may face significant competition from other facilities.

Many other businesses in California engage in similar activities to the Company, leasing commercial space to agricultural producers generally, and providing additional products and services to similar customers. The Company cannot assure you that it will be able to compete successfully against current and future competitors. Competitive pressures faced by the Company could have a material adverse effect on its business, operating results and financial condition.

The Company may face significant competition from other nutritious food companies.

We face significant competition from other nutritious food companies. Many of our competitions may have established brands, more experience and competency in the industry, larger fulfillment infrastructure, significantly more marketing and other financial resources, and larger customers bases than we do. These factors may allow our competitors to achieve greater net sales and profits. The significant competition faced by the Company could have a material adverse effect on its business, operating results and financial condition.

If we are unable to protect our intellectual property, our business may be adversely affected.

There can be no assurance that trade secrets and other intellectual property will not be challenged, invalidated, misappropriated or circumvented by third parties. Currently, our intellectual property includes provisional patents, patent applications, trademarks, trademark applications and know-how related to business, product and technology development. We plan on taking the necessary steps, including but not limited to the filing of additional patents as appropriate. There is no assurance any additional patents will issue or that when they do issue they will include all of the claims currently included in the applications. Even if they do issue, those new patents and our existing patents must be protected against possible infringement. Nonetheless, we currently rely on contractual obligations of our employees and contractors to maintain the confidentiality of our products. To compete effectively, we need to develop and continue to maintain a proprietary position with respect to our technologies, and business. The risks and uncertainties that we face with respect to intellectual property rights principally include the following:

• Provisional protection may not result in full patents being granted, and any full patent applications that we file may not result in issued patents or may take longer than expected to result in issued patents;
• we may be subject to interference proceedings;
• other companies may claim that patents applied for by, assigned or licensed to, us infringe upon their own intellectual property rights;
• we may be subject to trademark opposition proceedings in the U.S. and in foreign countries;

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• any patents that are issued to us may not provide meaningful protection;
• we may not be able to develop additional proprietary technologies that are patentable;
• other companies may challenge patents licensed or issued to us as invalid, unenforceable or not infringed;
• other companies may independently develop similar or alternative technologies, or duplicate our technologies;
• other companies may design around technologies that we have licensed or developed;
• any patents issued to us may expire and competitors may utilize the technology found in such patents to commercialize their own products; and
• enforcement of patents is complex, uncertain and expensive.

It is also possible that others may obtain issued patents that could prevent us from commercializing certain aspects of our products or require us to obtain licenses requiring the payment of significant fees or royalties in order to enable us to conduct our business. If we license patents, our rights will depend on maintaining our obligations to the licensor under the applicable license agreement, and we may be unable to do so. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that the work-for-hire, intellectual property assignment and confidentiality agreements entered into by our employees and consultants, advisors and collaborators will provide meaningful protection for our trade secrets, know-how or other proprietary information in the event of any unauthorized use or disclosure of such trade secrets, know- how or other proprietary information. The scope and enforceability of patent claims are not systematically predictable with absolute accuracy. The strength of our own patent rights depends, in part, upon the breadth and scope of protection provided by the patent and the validity of our patents, if any.

Impairments of the carrying amounts of intangible asset could negatively affect our financial condition and results of operations.

Our intangible asset balance consists of our patented process to develop germinated whole grain wheat flour, and hydroxyl generation systems, including the associated R&D, trademark, brand logo, web domain, customer list, device firmware and software, and product blue prints. We test our assets for impairment annually or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate it is more likely than not that the fair value of our intangible asset is less than its carrying amount. Such events and circumstances could include a sustained decrease in our market capitalization, increased competition or unexpected loss of market share, increased input costs beyond projections (for example due to regulatory or industry changes), disposals of significant components of our business, unexpected business disruptions, unexpected significant declines in operating results, or significant adverse changes in the markets in which we operate. We test our intangible asset for impairment by comparing the estimated fair value with its carrying amount. If the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its estimated fair value, we record an impairment loss based on the difference between fair value and carrying amount.

While there was no single determinative event or factor, the consideration in totality of several factors that developed during the fourth quarter of 2024 led us to conclude that it was possible that the fair value of our intangible asset was below their carrying amounts. These factors included: (i) a sustained decrease in our share price in 2024, which reduced our market capitalization below the book value of net assets; (ii) lack of financing raised during 2024 due to the economic environment; (iii) delays in the launch of the sale of our UN(THINK) flour. Impairment of Company’s intangible asset could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.

We operate in an industry with the risk of intellectual property litigation. Claims of infringement against us may hurt our business.

Our success depends, in part, upon non-infringement of intellectual property rights owned by others and being able to resolve claims of intellectual property infringement without major financial expenditures or adverse consequences. Participants that own, or claim to own, intellectual property may aggressively assert their rights. From time to time, we may be subject to legal proceedings and claims relating to the intellectual property rights of others. Future litigation may be necessary to defend us or our clients by determining the scope, enforceability, and validity of third-party proprietary rights or to establish its proprietary rights. Some competitors have substantially greater resources and are able to sustain the costs of complex intellectual property litigation to a greater degree and for longer periods of time. In addition, patent holding companies that focus solely on extracting royalties and settlements by enforcing patent rights may target us. Regardless of whether claims that we are infringing patents or other intellectual property rights have any merit, these claims are time-consuming and costly to evaluate and defend and could:

• adversely affect relationships with future clients;
• cause delays or stoppages in providing products;
• divert management’s attention and resources;
• require technology changes to our platform that would cause our Company to incur substantial cost;
• subject us to significant liabilities; and
• require us to cease some or all business activities.

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In addition to liability for monetary damages, which may be tripled and may include attorneys’ fees, or, in some circumstances, damages against clients, we may be prohibited from developing, commercializing, or continuing to provide some or all of our products unless we obtain licenses from, and pay royalties to, the holders of the patents or other intellectual property rights, which may not be available on commercially favorable terms, or at all.

We have limited foreign intellectual property rights and may not be able to protect our intellectual property rights throughout the world.

We have limited intellectual property rights outside the United States. Filing, prosecuting and defending patents on devices in all countries throughout the world would be prohibitively expensive, and our intellectual property rights in some countries outside the United States can be less extensive than those in the United States. In addition, the laws of some foreign countries do not protect intellectual property to the same extent as laws in the United States. Consequently, we may not be able to prevent third parties from practicing our inventions in all countries outside the United States, or from selling or importing products made using our inventions in and into the United States or other jurisdictions. Competitors may use our technologies in jurisdictions where we have not obtained patents to develop their own products and further, may export otherwise infringing products to territories where we have patents, but enforcement is not as strong as that in the United States.

Many companies have encountered significant problems in protecting and defending intellectual property in foreign jurisdictions. The legal systems of certain countries, particularly China and certain other developing countries, do not favor the enforcement of patents, trade secrets and other intellectual property, which could make it difficult for us to stop the infringement of our patents or marketing of competing products in violation of our proprietary rights generally. To date, we have not sought to enforce any issued patents in these foreign jurisdictions. Proceedings to enforce our patent rights in foreign jurisdictions could result in substantial costs and divert our efforts and attention from other aspects of our business, could put our patents at risk of being invalidated or interpreted narrowly and our patent applications at risk of not issuing and could provoke third parties to assert claims against us. We may not prevail in any lawsuits that we initiate and the damages or other remedies awarded, if any, may not be commercially meaningful. The requirements for patentability may differ in certain countries, particularly developing countries. Certain countries in Europe and developing countries, including China and India, have compulsory licensing laws under which a patent owner may be compelled to grant licenses to third parties. In those countries, we and our licensors may have limited remedies if patents are infringed or if we or our licensors are compelled to grant a license to a third party, which could materially diminish the value of those patents. This could limit our potential revenue opportunities. Accordingly, our efforts to enforce our intellectual property rights around the world may be inadequate to obtain a significant commercial advantage from the intellectual property that we develop or license.

If we are unable to obtain or defend our patents, our business could be materially adversely affected.

Our patent position is highly uncertain and involves complex legal and factual questions. Accordingly, we cannot predict the breadth of claims that may be allowed or enforced under our patents or in third-party patents. For example, we might not have been the first to make the inventions covered by each of our pending patent applications and provisional patents; we might not have been the first to file patent applications for these inventions; others may independently develop similar or alternative technologies or duplicate any of our technologies; it is possible that none of our pending patent applications will result in issued patents; our issued patents may not provide a basis for commercially viable technologies, or may not provide us with any competitive advantages, or may be challenged and invalidated by third parties; and, we may not develop additional proprietary technologies that are patentable.

As a result, our owned and licensed patents may not be valid and we may not be able to obtain and enforce patents and to maintain trade secret protection for the full commercial extent of our technology. The extent to which we are unable to do so could materially harm our business.

We have applied for and will continue to apply for patents for certain products. Such applications may not result in the issuance of any patents, and any patents now held or that may be issued may not provide us with adequate protection from competition. Furthermore, it is possible that patents issued or licensed to us may be challenged successfully. In that event, if we have a preferred competitive position because of such patents, such preferred position would be lost. If we are unable to secure or to continue to maintain a preferred position, we could become subject to competition from the sale of generic products. Failure to receive, inability to protect, or expiration of our patents would adversely affect our business and operations.

Patents issued or licensed to us may be infringed by the products or processes of others. The cost of enforcing our patent rights against infringers, if such enforcement is required, could be significant, and we do not currently have the financial resources to fund such litigation. Further, such litigation can go on for years and the time demands could interfere with our normal operations. We may become a party to patent litigation and other proceedings. The cost to us of any patent litigation, even if resolved in our favor, could be substantial. Many of our competitors may be able to sustain the costs of such litigation more effectively than we can because of their substantially greater financial resources. Litigation may also absorb significant management time.

Unpatented trade secrets, improvements, confidential know-how and continuing technological innovation are important to our scientific and commercial success. Although we attempt to and will continue to attempt to protect our proprietary information through reliance on trade secret laws and the use of confidentiality agreements with our partners, collaborators, employees and consultants, as well as through other appropriate means, these measures may not effectively prevent disclosure of our proprietary information, and, in any event, others may develop independently, or obtain access to, the same or similar information.

International intellectual property protection is particularly uncertain, and if we are involved in opposition proceedings in foreign countries, we may have to expend substantial sums and management resources.

Patent and other intellectual property law outside the United States is more uncertain and is continually undergoing review and revisions in many countries. Further, the laws of some foreign countries may not protect intellectual property rights to the same extent as the laws of the United States. For example, certain countries do not grant patent claims that are directed to business methods and processes. In addition, we may have to participate in opposition proceedings to determine the validity of its foreign patents or its competitors’ foreign patents, which could result in substantial costs and diversion of its efforts and loss of credibility with customers.

If we are found to be infringing on patents or trade secrets owned by others, we may be forced to cease or alter our product development efforts, obtain a license to continue the development or sale of our products, and/or pay damages.

Our processes and potential products may violate proprietary rights of patents that have been or may be granted to competitors, universities or others, or the trade secrets of those persons and entities. As our industry expands and more patents are issued, the risk increases that our processes and potential products may give rise to claims that they infringe the patents or trade secrets of others. These other persons could bring legal actions against us claiming damages and seeking to enjoin manufacturing and marketing of the affected product or process. If any of these actions are successful, in addition to any potential liability for damages, we could be required to obtain a license in order to continue to manufacture or market the affected product or use the affected process. Required licenses may not be available on acceptable terms, if at all, and the results of litigation are uncertain. If we become involved in litigation or other proceedings, it could consume a substantial portion of our financial resources and the efforts of our personnel.

We rely on confidentiality agreements to protect our trade secrets. If these agreements are breached by our employees or other parties, our trade secrets may become known to our competitors.

We rely on trade secrets that we seek to protect through confidentiality agreements with our employees and other parties. If these agreements are breached, our competitors may obtain and use our trade secrets to gain a competitive advantage over us. We may not have any remedies against our competitors and any remedies that may be available to us may not be adequate to protect our business or compensate us for the damaging disclosure. In addition, we may have to expend resources to protect our interests from possible infringement by others.

We have a limited operating history on which to judge our business prospects and management.

Our company was incorporated and commenced operations in 2017. Accordingly, we have only a limited operating history upon which to base an evaluation of our business and prospects. Operating results for future periods are subject to numerous uncertainties and we cannot assure you that we will achieve or sustain profitability. Our prospects must be considered in light of the risks encountered by companies in the early stage of development, particularly companies in new and rapidly evolving markets. Future operating results will depend upon many factors, including increasing the number of affiliates, our success in attracting and retaining motivated and qualified personnel, our ability to establish short term credit lines, our ability to develop and market new products, control costs, and general economic conditions. We cannot assure you that we will successfully address any of these risks.

We may not be able to continue as a going concern.

The Company has incurred substantial operating losses since its inception and expects to continue to incur significant operating losses for the foreseeable future and may never become profitable. As reflected in the financial statements, the Company had an accumulated deficit of approximately $60.8 million at December 31, 2024, a net loss of approximately $16.3 million, and approximately $5.3 million of net cash used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2024. The accompanying financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. The financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts or the amounts and classification of liabilities that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty. The Company anticipates incurring additional losses until such time, if ever, that it can obtain marketing approval to sell, and then generate significant sales, of its technology that is currently in development. As such it is likely that additional financing will be needed by the Company to fund its operations and to develop and commercialize its technology. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. The Company is seeking additional financing to support its growth plans. The sale of additional equity may dilute existing shareholders and newly issued shares may contain senior rights and preferences compared to currently outstanding common shares.

Our management team will be required to devote substantial time to regulatory compliance which may divert our attention from the day-to-day management of our business.

Our management team will require substantial attention from our senior management and could divert our attention away from the day-to-day management of our business. Regulatory compliance is increasingly complex and management may not have experience in all areas of public company compliance. The management team will seek assistance from external resources when appropriate for public company regulatory compliance and tax regulatory compliance for applicable jurisdictions.

The Company may become subject to litigation, which may have a material adverse effect on the Company’s reputation, business, results from operations, and financial condition.

The Company may be named as a defendant in a lawsuit or regulatory action. The Company may also incur uninsured losses for liabilities which arise in the ordinary course of business, or which are unforeseen, including, but not limited to, employment liability and business loss claims. Any such losses could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, results of operations, sales, cash flow or financial condition.

If the Company is unable to attract and retain key personnel, it may not be able to compete effectively.

The Company’s success has depended and continues to depend upon its ability to attract and retain key management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and technical experts. The Company will attempt to enhance its management and technical expertise by continuing to recruit qualified individuals who possess desired skills and experience in certain targeted areas. The Company’s inability to retain employees and attract and retain sufficient additional employees or engineering and technical support resources could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, results of operations, sales, cash flow or financial condition. Shortages in qualified personnel or the loss of key personnel could adversely affect the financial condition of the Company, results of operations of the business and could limit the Company’s ability to develop and market its intellectual property. The loss of any of the Company’s senior management or key employees could materially adversely affect the Company’s ability to execute the Company’s business plan and strategy, and the Company may not be able to find adequate replacements on a timely basis, or at all. The Company does not maintain key person life insurance policies on any of the Company’s employees.

The size of the Company’s initial target market is difficult to quantify and investors will be reliant on their own estimates on the accuracy of market data.

Because high growth crop technology is in an early stage with uncertain boundaries, there is a lack of information about comparable companies available for potential investors to review in deciding about whether to invest in the Company and, few, if any, established companies whose business model the Company can follow or upon whose success the Company can build. Accordingly, investors will have to rely on their own estimates in deciding about whether to invest in the Company. There can be no assurance that the Company’s estimates are accurate or that the market size is sufficiently large for its business to grow as projected, which may negatively impact its financial results. The Company regularly follows market research.

The Company’s industry is experiencing rapid growth and consolidation that may cause the Company to lose key relationships and intensify competition.

The agriculture industry and various verticals within it are undergoing rapid growth and substantial change, which has resulted in an increase in competitors, consolidation and formation of strategic relationships. Acquisitions or other consolidating transactions could harm the Company in a number of ways, including by losing strategic partners and or customers if they are acquired by or enter into relationships with a competitor, losing customers, revenue and market share, or forcing the Company to expend greater resources to meet new or additional competitive threats, all of which could harm the Company’s operating results. As competitors enter the market and become increasingly sophisticated, competition in the Company’s industry may intensify which could negatively impact its profitability.

The Company will be reliant on information technology systems and may be subject to damaging cyberattacks.

The Company’s operations depend, in part, on how well it and its suppliers protect networks, equipment, information technology systems and software against damage from a number of threats, including, but not limited to, cable cuts, damage to physical plants, natural disasters, intentional damage and destruction, fire, power loss, hacking, computer viruses, vandalism and theft. The Company’s operations also depend on the timely maintenance, upgrade and replacement of networks, equipment, IT systems and software, as well as pre-emptive expenses to mitigate the risks of failures. Any of these and other events could result in information system failures, delays and/or increase in capital expenses. The failure of information systems or a component of information systems could, depending on the nature of any such failure, adversely impact the Company’s reputation and results of operations.

The Company has not experienced any material losses to date relating to cyber-attacks or other information security breaches, but there can be no assurance that the Company will not incur such losses in the future. The Company’s risk and exposure to these matters cannot be fully mitigated because of, among other things, the evolving nature of these threats. As a result, cyber security and the continued development and enhancement of controls, processes and practices designed to protect systems, computers, software, data and networks from attack, damage or unauthorized access is a risk. As cyber threats continue to evolve, the Company may be required to expend additional resources to continue to modify or enhance protective measures or to investigate and remediate any security vulnerabilities.

The Company’s officers and directors may be engaged in a range of business activities resulting in conflicts of interest.

Although certain officers and board members of the Company are expected to be bound by anti-circumvention agreements limiting their ability to enter into competing and/or conflicting ventures or businesses, the Company may be subject to various potential conflicts of interest because some of its officers and directors may be engaged in a range of business activities. In addition, the Company’s executive officers and directors may devote time to their outside business interests, so long as such activities do not materially or adversely interfere with their duties to the Company. In some cases, the Company’s executive officers and directors may have fiduciary obligations associated with these business interests that interfere with their ability to devote time to the Company’s business and affairs and that could adversely affect the Company’s operations. These business interests could require significant time and attention of the Company’s executive officers and directors.

In addition, the Company may also become involved in other transactions which conflict with the interests of its directors and the officers who may from time to time deal with persons, firms, institutions or companies with which the Company may be dealing, or which may be seeking investments similar to those desired by it. The interests of these persons could conflict with those of the Company. In addition, from time to time, these persons may be competing with the Company for available investment opportunities. Conflicts of interest, if any, will be subject to the procedures and remedies provided under applicable laws. In particular, if such a conflict of interest arises at a meeting of the Company’s directors, a director who has such a conflict will abstain from voting for or against the approval of such participation or such terms. In accordance with applicable laws, the directors of the Company are required to act honestly, in good faith and in the best interests of the Company.

There is no guarantee that how the Company uses its available funds will yield the expected results or returns which could impact the business and financial condition of the Company.

The Company cannot specify with certainty the particular uses of available funds. Management has broad discretion in the application of its proceeds. Accordingly, a holder of shares will have to rely upon the judgment of management with respect to the use of available funds, with only limited information concerning management’s specific intentions. The Company’s management may spend a portion or all of the available funds in ways that the Company’s shareholders might not desire, that might not yield a favorable return and that might not increase the value of a purchaser’s investment. The failure by management to apply these funds effectively could harm the Company’s business. Pending use of such funds, the Company might invest the available funds in a manner that does not produce income or that loses value.

Our Articles of incorporation, by-laws and certain Canadian legislation, contain provisions that may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control.

Certain provisions of our by-laws, together or separately, could discourage potential acquisition proposals, delay or prevent a change in control and limit the price that certain investors may be willing to pay for our common shares. For instance, our by-laws contain provisions that establish certain advance notice procedures for nomination of candidates for election as directors at shareholders’ meetings.

The Investment Canada Act requires any person that is non-Canadian (as defined in the Investment Canada Act) who acquires “control” (as defined in the Investment Canada Act) of an existing Canadian business to file either a pre-closing application for review or notification with Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada. An acquisition of control is a reviewable transaction where prescribed financial thresholds are exceeded. The Investment Canada Act generally prohibits the implementation of a reviewable transaction unless, after review, the relevant Minister is satisfied that the acquisition is likely to be of net benefit to Canada. Under the national security regime in the Investment Canada Act, the federal government may undertake a discretionary review of a broader range of investments by a non-Canadian to determine whether such an investment by a non-Canadian could be “injurious to national security.” Review on national security grounds is at the discretion of the federal government and may occur on a pre- or post-closing basis.

Furthermore, limitations on the ability to acquire and hold our common shares may be imposed by the Competition Act (Canada). This legislation permits the Commissioner of Competition to review any acquisition or establishment, directly or indirectly, including through the acquisition of shares, of control over or of a significant interest in us. This legislation grants the Commissioner of Competition jurisdiction, for up to one year, to challenge this type of acquisition before the Canadian Competition Tribunal on the basis that it would, or would be likely to, substantially prevent or lessen competition. This legislation also requires any person who intends to acquire our common shares to file a notification with the Canadian Competition Bureau if (i) that person (and their affiliates) would hold, in the aggregate, more than 20% of all of our outstanding voting shares, (ii) certain financial thresholds are exceeded, and (iii) no exemption applies. Where a person (and their affiliates) already holds, in the aggregate, more than 20% of all of our outstanding voting shares, a notification must be filed if (i) the acquisition of additional shares would bring that person’s (and their affiliates) holdings to over 50%, (ii) certain financial thresholds are exceeded and (iii) no exemption applies. Where a notification is required, the legislation prohibits completion of the acquisition until the expiration of the applicable statutory waiting period, unless compliance with the waiting period has been waived or the Commissioner of Competition provides written notice that he does not intend to challenge the acquisition. The Commissioner of Competition’s review of a notifiable transaction for substantive competition law considerations may take longer than the statutory waiting period.

We are governed by the corporate laws of British Columbia, Canada which in some cases have a different effect on shareholders than the corporate laws of the United States.

We are incorporated under the Business Corporations Act (British Columbia) (the “BC Act”) and other relevant laws, which may affect the rights of shareholders differently than those of a company governed by the laws of a U.S. jurisdiction, and may, together with our charter documents, have the effect of delaying, deferring or discouraging another party from acquiring control of our company by means of a tender offer, a proxy contest or otherwise, or may affect the price an acquiring party would be willing to offer in such an instance. The material differences between the BC Act and Delaware General Corporation Law (“DGCL”) that may have the greatest such effect include, but are not limited to, the following: (i) for certain corporate transactions (such as mergers and amalgamations or amendments to our articles) the BC Act generally requires the voting threshold to be a special resolution approved by 66 2/3% of shareholders, or as set out in the articles, as applicable, whereas DGCL generally only requires a majority vote; and (ii) under the BC Act a holder of 5% or more of our common shares can requisition a special meeting of shareholders, whereas such right does not exist under the DGCL. We cannot predict whether investors will find our company and our common shares less attractive because we are governed by foreign laws.

Risks Related to the Ownership of Our Common Shares

New laws, regulations, and standards relating to corporate governance and public disclosure may create uncertainty for public companies, increasing legal and financial compliance costs and making some activities more time consuming.

These laws, regulations and standards are subject to varying interpretations, in many cases due to their lack of specificity, and, as a result, may evolve over time as new guidance is provided by the courts and other bodies. This could result in continuing uncertainty regarding compliance matters and higher costs necessitated by ongoing revisions to disclosure and governance practices. If our efforts to comply with new laws, regulations, and standards differ from the activities intended by regulatory or governing bodies due to ambiguities related to their application and practice, regulatory authorities may initiate legal proceedings against us and our business may be adversely affected.

As a public company subject to these rules and regulations, we may find it more expensive for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance, and we may be required to accept reduced coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain coverage. These factors could also make it more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified members of our Board of Directors, particularly to serve on its audit committee and compensation committee, and qualified executive officers.

The market price of our common shares and Series A Warrants may be volatile, and you may not be able to resell your common shares and Series A Warrants at or above the acquisition price.

The market price for our common shares and Series A Warrants may be volatile and subject to wide fluctuations in response to factors including the following:

• actual or anticipated fluctuations in our quarterly or annual operating results;
• changes in financial or operational estimates or projections;
• conditions in markets generally;
• changes in the economic performance or market valuations of companies similar to ours;
• general economic or political conditions in the United States or elsewhere;
• any delay in development of our products or services;
• failure to comply with regulatory requirements;
• inability to commercially launch products and services and market and generate sales of our products and services;
• developments or disputes concerning intellectual property rights;
• our or our competitors’ technological innovations;
• general and industry-specific economic conditions that may affect our expenditures;
• changes in market valuations of similar companies;
• announcements by us or our competitors of significant contracts, acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures, capital commitments, new technologies, or patents;
• future sales of our common shares or other securities, including shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding warrants or convertible securities or otherwise issued pursuant to certain contractual rights;
• period-to-period fluctuations in our financial results; and
• low or high trading volume of our common shares due to many factors, including the terms of our financing arrangements.

In addition, if we fail to reach an important research, development or commercialization milestone or result by a publicly expected deadline, even if by only a small margin, there could be significant impact on the market price of our common shares. Additionally, as we approach the announcement of anticipated significant information and as we announce such information, we expect the price of our common shares to be particularly volatile and negative results would have a substantial negative impact on the price of our common shares and Series A Warrants.

In addition, in recent years, the stock market in general has experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations. This volatility has had a significant effect on the market price of securities issued by many companies, including for reasons unrelated to their operating performance. These broad market fluctuations may adversely affect our stock price, notwithstanding our operating results. The market price of our common shares and Series A Warrants will fluctuate and there can be no assurances about the levels of the market prices for our common shares and Series A Warrants.

In some cases, following periods of volatility in the market price of a company’s securities, shareholders have often instituted class action securities litigation against those companies. Such litigation, if instituted, could result in substantial costs and diversion of management attention and resources, which could significantly harm our business operations and reputation.

As an “emerging growth company” under applicable law, we will be subject to lessened disclosure requirements, which could leave our shareholders without information or rights available to shareholders of more mature companies.

For as long as we remain an “emerging growth company” as defined in the JOBS Act, we have elected to take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not “emerging growth companies” including, but not limited to:

• not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act;
• being permitted to provide only two years of audited financial statements, in addition to any required unaudited interim financial statements, with correspondingly reduced “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” disclosure;
• reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports, proxy statements and registration statements;
• taking advantage of an extension of time to comply with new or revised financial accounting standard; and
• exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.

We expect to take advantage of these reporting exemptions until we are no longer an “emerging growth company.” Because of these lessened regulatory requirements, our shareholders would be left without information or rights available to shareholders of more mature companies. We cannot predict whether investors will find our common shares less attractive if we rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our common shares less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our common shares and our stock price may be more volatile.

We are also a “smaller reporting company” as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act and have elected to follow certain scaled disclosure requirements available to smaller reporting companies.

Because we have elected to use the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards for an “emerging growth company” our financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with public company effective dates.

We have elected to use the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards under Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act. This election allows us to delay the adoption of new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until those standards apply to private companies. As a result of this election, our financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with public company effective dates and may contain less or more modified disclosure than those public companies. Because our financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with public company effective dates, investors may have difficulty evaluating or comparing our business, performance or prospects in comparison to other public companies, which may have a negative impact on the value and liquidity of our common shares.

FINRA sales practice requirements may also limit your ability to buy and sell our common shares, which could depress the price of our shares.

Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (FINRA) rules require broker-dealers to have reasonable grounds for believing that an investment is suitable for a customer before recommending that investment to the customer. Prior to recommending speculative low-priced securities to their non-institutional customers, broker-dealers must make reasonable efforts to obtain information about the customer’s financial status, tax status and investment objectives, among other things. Under interpretations of these rules, FINRA believes that there is a high probability such speculative low-priced securities will not be suitable for at least some customers. Thus, FINRA requirements make it more difficult for broker-dealers to recommend that their customers buy our common shares, which may limit your ability to buy and sell our shares, have an adverse effect on the market for our shares, and thereby depress our share price.

If research analysts do not publish research about our business or if they issue unfavorable commentary or downgrade our common shares or Series A Warrants, our securities’ price and trading volume could decline.

The trading market for our securities may depend in part on the research and reports that research analysts publish about us and our business. If we do not maintain adequate research coverage, or if any of the analysts who cover us downgrade our stock or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, the price of our common shares and Series A Warrants could decline. If one or more of our research analysts ceases to cover our business or fails to publish reports on us regularly, demand for our securities could decrease, which could cause the price of our common shares and Series A Warrants or trading volume to decline.

We may issue additional equity securities, or engage in other transactions that could dilute our book value or relative rights of our common shares, which may adversely affect the market price of our common shares and Series A Warrants.

Our Board of Directors may determine from time to time that it needs to raise additional capital by issuing additional shares of our common shares or other securities. Except as otherwise described in this filing, we will not be restricted from issuing additional common shares, including securities that are convertible into or exchangeable for, or that represent the right to receive common shares. Because our decision to issue securities in any future offering will depend on market conditions and other factors beyond our control, we cannot predict or estimate the amount, timing, or nature of any future offerings, or the prices at which such offerings may be affected. Additional equity offerings may dilute the holdings of existing shareholders or reduce the market price of our common shares and Series A Warrants, or all of them. Holders of our securities are not entitled to pre-emptive rights or other protections against dilution. New investors also may have rights, preferences and privileges that are senior to, and that adversely affect, then-current holders of our securities. Additionally, if we raise additional capital by making offerings of debt or preference shares, upon our liquidation, holders of our debt securities and preference shares, and lenders with respect to other borrowings, may receive distributions of its available assets before the holders of our common shares.

An investment in our Series A Warrants is speculative in nature and could result in a loss of your investment therein.

The Series A Warrants do not confer any rights of common share ownership on their holders, such as voting rights or the right to receive dividends, but rather merely represent the right to acquire shares of our common shares at a fixed price for a limited period of time. Specifically, commencing on the date of issuance, holders of the Series A Warrants may exercise their right to acquire the common shares and pay an exercise price of $30,000 per share (exercising 50 warrants at $600 per warrant to receive one common share), prior to three years from the date of issuance, after which date any unexercised Series A Warrants will expire and have no further value. Moreover, the market value of the Series A Warrants is uncertain and there can be no assurance that the market value of the Series A Warrants will equal or exceed their initial price. There can be no assurance that the market price of the common shares will ever equal or exceed the exercise price of the Series A Warrants, and consequently, whether it will ever be profitable for holders of the Series A Warrants to exercise the Series A Warrants.

Our Series A Warrants and contain a provision which only permits securities claims to be brought in federal court.

Section 11 of our Series A Warrants states in relevant part: “The Company hereby irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the state and federal courts sitting in The City of New York, Borough of Manhattan (except for claims brought under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, which must be brought in federal court)”. Therefore any claims with respect to our Series A Warrants brought under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act must be brought in federal court while all other claims may be brought in federal or state court. Proceedings in federal court may be more expensive than in state court due to more comprehensive rules on how discovery and motion and trial practice are handled. This provision may have a dampening effect on claims brought under these securities laws or limit the ability of the investor to bring a claim in the jurisdiction it deems more favorable. This provision is likely enforceable as requirements regarding bringing securities claims have been met, but it may have the overall effect of discouraging litigation due to the circumstances described herein.

We do not currently intend to pay dividends on our common shares in the foreseeable future, and consequently, your ability to achieve a return on your investment will depend on appreciation in the price of our common shares.

We have never declared or paid cash dividends on our common shares and do not anticipate paying any cash dividends to holders of our common shares in the foreseeable future. Consequently, investors must rely on sales of their common shares after price appreciation, which may never occur, as the only way to realize any future gains on their investments.

We are committed to protecting the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of its information systems and the data they contain from cybersecurity threats. We acknowledge that cybersecurity is a dynamic and evolving area of risk that requires ongoing assessment, management, and oversight. As we grow in size and revenue, we intend to work with third party companies to assess, identify, manage, and mitigate material cybersecurity threats, as well as to respond to and recover from cybersecurity incidents, all as necessary.

We recognize the importance of maintaining our technology and data systems. Our cybersecurity policies, standards, processes, and practices are integrated across our operational departments.

Cybersecurity Risk Management and Strategy

As one of the elements of our overall risk management program, we focus on the following key areas:

Technical Safeguards: We have commenced to implement technical safeguards, including but not limited to firewalls, anti-malware functionality and access controls.

Outside Consultants: We have identified and, as appropriate and when we have the budget to do so, will utilize outside consultants, including contractors and other third parties, to among other things, conduct regular testing of our networks and systems to identify vulnerabilities through penetration testing, while also measuring and advising on potential improvements to our incident prevention, response, and documentation procedures.

We have not encountered cybersecurity threats or experienced previously cybersecurity incidents that have materially affected or that we believe are reasonably likely to materially affect us, including our business strategy, results of operations or financial condition.

Governance

Board of Directors Oversight

Our Board is aware of the critical nature of managing risks associated with cybersecurity threats. Management works with our Board to establish oversight mechanisms to ensure effective governance in managing risks associated with cybersecurity threats because we recognize the significance of these threats to our operational integrity and stakeholder confidence. The Board has delegated to our Audit Committee the primary responsibility for oversight of cybersecurity risks.

Management’s Role Managing Risk

Our Executive Team plays a primary role in informing the Audit Committee on cybersecurity risks. These individuals monitor activity and potential risks related to the day-to-day operations of the business, including reviewing results of the work of our outside consultants. They will provide briefings to the Audit Committee on a periodic basis regarding cybersecurity matters, including but not limited to the following:

• Current cybersecurity landscape and emerging threats;
• Status of ongoing cybersecurity initiatives and strategies;
• Incident reporting, if any, and learning from any cybersecurity events;
• Risk mitigation efforts and insurance, and
• Compliance with regulatory requirements and industry standard.

The Company currently leases office space at 800-525 West 8th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1C6 as its principal office. The Company will be moving to a virtual office model in order to reallocate rent expenditures to operations.

We are subject to the legal proceedings and claims described in detail in “Note 22. Commitments and Contingencies” to the audited financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Although the results of litigation and claims cannot be predicted with certainty, as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, we do not believe the outcome of such legal proceeding and claims, if determined adversely to us, would be reasonably expected to have a material adverse effect on our business. Regardless of the outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on us because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources and other factors.

Prospective investors should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with our financial statements and the related notes and other financial information included elsewhere in this Annual Report. Some of the information contained in this discussion and analysis or set forth elsewhere in this Annual Report, including information with respect to our plans and strategy for our business, includes forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. See “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.” You should review the “Risk Factors” section of this Annual Report for a discussion of important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results described in or implied by the forward-looking statements contained in the following discussion and analysis.

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2024 AND 2023

Revenues

During the year, the Company sold and delivered its first shipment of hydroxyl generating devices. The shipment consisted of 5 units for gross sales of $40,845.

The Company sells its products directly to customers and indirectly to customers through sales brokers.

During the fourth quarter of 2024, the Company generated $26,572 of digital assets from its crypto asset production operations.

Operating Expenses

Operating expenses primarily consist of wages and salaries, professional fees, consulting, office and administration, investor and public relations, research and development, and share-based compensation. Operating expenses decreased in the year ended December 31, 2024 as compared to December 31, 2023 by $774,813 or 6.95% primarily due to the following:

• Professional fees and consulting decreased by $533,953 and $857,736, respectively due to a significant decrease in M&A spending during 2024 as a result of the Company focusing on organic growth of currently active ventures and acquisition of crypto production assets.
• Investor and public relations expenses decreased by $174,233 due to fewer investor and public relations advisory services utilized in 2024 for communication.
• Wages and salaries decreased by $660,665 due to a reduction in staff head count in 2024.
• Travel and entertainment decreased by $42,357 due to a reduction in travel for foreign business development.
• Sales and marketing decreased by $80,201 due to significant reductions in sales and marketing. During 2023 there funds were spent on website upgrades, social media campaigns, and market testing. Fewer similar expenditures were incurred in 2024.
• Share based compensation decreased by $453,991 due to a significant number of option forfeitures from lower staff head count.
• Lease expense decreased $229,793 due to the termination of the Company’s long term office lease in 2023. The Company moved to a virtual office in 2024 to reduce costs.
• Office and administrative costs decreased by $372,415 due to a lower number of employees and contractors employed by the Company in 2024.
• Write down of construction in progress deposit decreased by $1,963,304, as no similar expense was recorded in 2024.
• Write off of inventory increased by $38,470 due to the write off of expired UnThink Inventory during 2024.
• Legal settlement expense increased by $111,196 during 2024 due to a settlement reached in one of the Company’s legal claims.
• Write off of deposit increased by $50,000 due to the write-off of a construction deposit for a facility construction project that the Company is no longer progressing.

This was partially offset by the following:

• Impairment loss on intangible assets increased by $4,137,271 due to an impairment on the UN(THINK) intangible asset, none for 2023.
• Research and development increased by $204,765 increased funds spent on R&D for RCS product development after the acquisition of RCS in 2024.
• Shareholder and regulatory increased $44,307 due to increased AGM services obtained during the 2024 AGM.
• Repairs and maintenance expense increased by $20,610 due to the required repairs to the Company’s crypto production assets, none in 2023.

Other Expenses / (Income)

Other expense for the year ended December 31, 2024 increased due to the following:

• Change in fair value of derivative liabilities decreased by $7,968,356. The gain on changes in fair value of derivative liabilities has decreased significantly due to a larger decrease in the value of the Company’s warrants and convertible debt features from 2023. The decrease in AGRI’s share price continued in 2024, resulting in an additional gain in 2024, however the decrease was less significant than in 2023.
• Loss on conversion of convertible debt increased by $437,128 as investors converted significant amounts of convertible debentures due to the first triggering of the down round feature in 2024, as well as the repayments in 2024 being entirely comprised of share issuance in lieu of cash. These resulted in a net loss on conversion.
• Loss on debt extinguishment increased by $2,124,371 due to the down round triggers in 2024, a significant amount of convertible debentures were converted and resulted in a greater than 10% change in the present value of future cash flows. This resulted in recording a debt extinguishment.
• Change in fair value of long-term investment increased by $97,488. The investment in RCS decreased from 14% to Nil when RCS was fully acquired by the Company in Q3, 2024. RCS’s assets were fully acquired, accounting for a partial investment was no longer required.

This was partially offset by the following:

• Accretion interest on debentures decreased by $4,984,577 due to the settlement of several tranches of convertible debentures during the year. The debenture balance decreased to $1,443,209 in December 2024 when compared to the outstanding balance of $4,084,643 in December 2023, due to significant conversions and extinguishments in the year, therefore significantly less accretion interest was recorded.
• The gain on extinguishment of warrant liability of $14,769 relates to the expiry of IPO warrants on July 16, 2024. No similar expiries occurred in 2023.
• Foreign exchange loss decreased by $279,229 due to a stronger USD during 2024, as cash is held primarily in USD, while expenses are incurred in CAD.
• A decrease of $101,432 in other loss. In 2024, other loss consisted only of the loss on disposal of fixed assets in the period.
• An decrease in other income of $57,148, which relates to interest income on cash held in bank accounts.

42

Critical Accounting Estimates

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. In order to determine if assets have been impaired, assets are grouped and tested at the lowest level for which identifiable independent cash flows are available (“asset group”). An impairment loss is recognized when the sum of projected undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying value of the asset group. The measurement of the impairment loss to be recognized is based on the difference between the fair value and the carrying value of the asset group. Fair value has been determined using an income approach.

Fair value determinations of intangible assets require considerable judgment and are sensitive to changes in underlying assumptions, estimates, and market factors. Estimating whether our long-lived assets are recoverable requires us to make assumptions and estimates regarding our future plans, as well as industry, economic, and regulatory conditions. These assumptions and estimates include estimated future annual net cash flows, discount rates, growth rates, contributory asset charges, and other market factors. If current expectations of future growth rates and margins are not met, if market factors outside of our control, such as discount rates, change, or if management’s expectations or plans otherwise change, then our intangible might become impaired in the future.

Our intangible asset balance consists of our patented process to develop germinated whole grain wheat flour and hydroxyl generation systems, including the associated R&D, trademark, brand logo, web domain, customer list, device firmware and software, and product blue prints. We test our indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment annually or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate it is more likely than not that the fair value of our indefinite-lived intangible asset is less than its carrying amount. Such events and circumstances could include a sustained decrease in our market capitalization, increased competition or unexpected loss of market share, increased input costs beyond projections (for example due to regulatory or industry changes), disposals of significant components of our business, unexpected business disruptions, unexpected significant declines in operating results, or significant adverse changes in the markets in which we operate.

While there was no single determinative event or factor, the consideration in totality of several factors that developed during the third quarter of 2024 led us to conclude that it was possible that the fair value of our intangible asset was below their carrying amounts. These factors included: (i) a sustained decrease in our share price in 2024, which reduced our market capitalization below the book value of net assets; (ii) lack of financing raised during 2024 due to the economic environment (iii) delays in the launch of the sale of our UN(THINK) flour;

Accordingly, we performed an impairment test on our intangible assets as of September 30, 2024 based on the asset’s fair value based discounted future cash flows. As a result of our impairment test, we determined that an intangible asset was impaired as of September 30, 2024. We recorded impairment on the intangible asset.

Equity-linked instruments

The fair value of the Company’s warrants is determined in accordance with FASB ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurement,” which establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the assumptions (inputs) to valuation techniques used to price assets or liabilities that are measured at fair value. The hierarchy, as defined below, gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs. The guidance for fair value measurements requires that assets and liabilities measured at fair value be classified and disclosed in one of the following categories:

• Level 1: Defined as observable inputs, such as quoted (unadjusted) prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
• Level 2: Defined as observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1. This includes quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.
• Level 3: Defined as unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the measurement of the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 assets and liabilities include those whose fair value measurements are determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies or similar valuation techniques, as well as significant management judgment or estimation.

The Company evaluates and accounts for conversion options embedded in its convertible instruments in accordance with ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”), which provides that if three criteria are met, the Company is required to bifurcate conversion options from their host instruments and account for them as free-standing derivative financial instruments. These three criteria include circumstances in which;

(a) the economic characteristics and risks of the embedded derivative instrument are not clearly and closely related to the economic characteristics and risks of the host contract;

(b) the hybrid instrument that embodies both the embedded derivative instrument and the host contract is not re-measured at fair value under otherwise applicable generally accepted accounting principles with changes in fair value reported in earnings as they occur; and

(c) a separate instrument with the same terms as the embedded derivative instrument would be considered a derivative instrument.

ASC 815 also provides an exception to this rule when the host instrument is deemed to be conventional as defined under professional standards as “The Meaning of Conventional Convertible Debt Instrument.”

The Company accounts for convertible instruments (when it has determined that the embedded conversion options should not be bifurcated from their host instruments) in accordance with professional standards when “Accounting for Convertible Securities with Beneficial Conversion Features,” as those professional standards pertain to “Certain Convertible Instruments.”

The debenture conversion features are categorized as a Level 3 financial instrument. The Company utilized the Monte Carlo option-pricing for valuing the convertible features.

The First, Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, and Seventh Tranche of Debenture Warrants, collectively (the “Debenture Warrants”) are categorized as a Level 3 financial instrument. The Company utilized the Monte Carlo option-pricing model to value the Debenture Warrants.

The most subjective assumptions in such option pricing models include the implied volatility, expected term, risk-free rate and the probability of triggering the down-round provisions.

Share Based Compensation

The Company uses the straight-line method to allocate compensation cost to reporting periods over each optionee’s requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period, and estimates the fair value of stock-based awards to employees and directors using the Black-Scholes option-valuation model (the “Black-Scholes model”). This model incorporates certain assumptions for inputs including a risk-free market interest rate, expected dividend yield of the underlying common stock, expected option life, and expected volatility in the market value of the underlying common stock. The Company recognizes any forfeitures as they occur.

Income Taxes

Current tax expense is the expected tax payable on the taxable income for the period, using tax rates enacted at period-end.

Deferred tax assets, including those arising from tax loss carryforwards, requires management to assess the likelihood that the Company will generate sufficient taxable earnings in future periods in order to utilize recognized deferred tax assets. Assumptions about the generation of future taxable profits depend on management’s estimates of future cash flows. In addition, future changes in tax laws could limit the ability of the Company to obtain tax deductions in future periods. To the extent that future cash flows and taxable income differ significantly from estimates, the ability of the Company to realize the net deferred tax assets recorded at the reporting date could be impacted.

The Company operates in various tax jurisdictions and is subject to audit by various tax authorities.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The Company’s primary need for liquidity is to fund working capital requirements, capital expenditures, and general corporate purposes. The Company’s ability to fund operations and make planned capital expenditures and debt service obligations depends on future operating performance and cash flows, which are subject to prevailing economic conditions, financial markets, business and other factors. We recorded a net loss of $16,274,815 for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to $11,733,210 for the year ended December 31, 2023; and recorded an accumulated deficit of $60,782,119 as of December 31, 2024 ($44,507,304 – as of December 31, 2023). Net cash used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2024 was $5,271,278 compared to $6,505,072 for the year ended December 31, 2023.

The Company had $489,868 in cash as at December 31, 2024 as compared to $3,878,578 as at December 31, 2023.

Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including:

• the cost and timing of our regulatory activities, especially the process to obtain regulatory approval for our intellectual properties in the U.S. and foreign countries;
• the costs of R&D activities we undertake to further develop our technology;
• the costs of constructing our grow houses, including any impact of complications, delays, and other unknown events;
• the costs of commercialization activities, including sales, marketing and production;
• the costs of our mergers and acquisitions activity;
• the level of working capital required to support our growth; and
• our need for additional personnel, information technology or other operating infrastructure to support our growth and operations as a public company.

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The accompanying financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. The financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts or the amounts and classification of liabilities that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty. The Company is at an early stage of development. As such it is likely that additional financing will be needed by the Company to fund its operations and to develop and commercialize its technology. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

For the next twelve months from issuance of these financial statements, the Company will seek to obtain additional capital through the sale of debt or equity financings or other arrangements to fund operations; however, there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to raise needed capital under acceptable terms, if at all. The sale of additional equity may dilute existing shareholders and newly issued shares may contain senior rights and preferences compared to currently outstanding common shares. Issued debt securities may contain covenants and limit the Company’s ability to pay dividends or make other distributions to shareholders. If the Company is unable to obtain such additional financing, future operations would need to be scaled back or discontinued. Due to the uncertainty in the Company’s ability to raise capital, management believes that there is substantial doubt in the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for twelve months from the issuance of these financial statements.

Cash Flows

The net cash used by operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2024 was $5,271,278 compared to $6,505,072 for the year ended December 31, 2023. The change of $1,233,794 was primarily due to the following:

• An increase in impairment of intangible assets of $4,137,271 due to a significant decrease in the Company’s share price indicating that impairment testing of the asset was required. The enterprise valuation approach was utilized to determine the value of the impairment. No similar impairment was required in 2023.
• An increase to the loss on debt conversions and debt extinguishment of $437,128 and $2,124,371, respectively as a result of unscheduled conversions of debentures into the Company’s common shares which triggered extinguishments of debt due to the change of the fair value of the debt after the conversions.
• Non-cash change in fair value of derivative liabilities decreased by $7,968,356 due to (1) the draw down as well as the extinguishment of conversion feature derivatives as a result of significant conversions of several tranches of debentures, and (2) the Company’s stock price stabilizing during 2024, resulting in the smaller revaluation adjustment as at December 31, 2024.

This was partially offset by the following:

• An increase in net loss of $4,541,605 due to operating expenses noted above.
• Write down of construction in progress deposit of $1,963,304 due to the termination of an agreement with a construction contractor.
• An decrease to amortization of debt issuance costs of $5,181,661 as the carrying value of the debentures were lower as at December 31, 2024 compared to December 31, 2023.
• An increase in prepaid expenses and other current assets used in operating activities of $599,869 due to utilization of consulting retainers and as well as additional prepayments made during the year ended December 31, 2024 for various services.
• A decrease of share-based compensation of $295,153 due to forfeiture of stock options by departed employees.
• A decrease of shares issued for compensation of $382,534 due to a lower employee headcount in 2024 than in 2023.
• A decrease of shares issued for consulting services of $296,687 due to fewer consultants engaged in 2024.
• All other items in an aggregate amount of $172,519.

The net cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2024, was used for the purchase of the Redwater property, which consisted of $839,937 for a power plant and equipment; and $673,769 for a power generation agreement. In addition, $356,079 was paid as cash consideration for the RCS business combination, which was completed in the period.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, net cash used in investing activities was for the purchase of an equity investment in RCS for $225,000.

Net cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2024 represents net proceeds from debentures of $2,250,000, as well as proceeds from common shares issued for cash of $2,775,616. This was offset by $1,331,467 paid for repayment of convertible debentures and $84,463 related to the financing costs of debentures held by the Company. Net cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2023, represents net proceeds from debentures of $9,615,385 as well as common shares issued for cash of $1,342,915. This was partially offset by repayments on convertible debentures of $2,143,091, financing costs of debentures of $387,917 and share issuance costs of $153,220.

Off Balance Sheet Arrangements

As a registrant that qualifies as a smaller reporting company, AgriFORCE™ is not required to provide the information required by this Item.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a—15(e) and 15d—15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)), as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Based on such evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or our internal controls will prevent all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty, and that breakdowns can occur because of a simple error or mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the control. The design of any system of controls also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.

Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act). Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including the individuals serving as our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Management conducted an assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013 Framework). Based on this assessment, our management concluded that, as of December 31, 2024, our internal control over financial reporting was effective based on those criteria.

Attestation Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting.

This Annual Report on Form 10-K does not include an attestation report of our independent registered public accounting firm due to the deferral allowed given we are neither an accelerated nor a large accelerated filer.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during our most recent fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.