Harrow, Inc.: Form 10-Q for the period ended Mar 31, 2025

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto contained in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this “Quarterly Report”). Our condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared and, unless otherwise stated, the information derived therefrom as presented in this discussion and analysis is presented, in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”).

The information contained in this Quarterly Report is not a complete description of our business or the risks associated with an investment in our common stock. We urge you to carefully review and consider the various disclosures made by us in this Quarterly Report and in our other reports filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), including our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 and subsequent reports, which discuss our business in greater detail. As used in this discussion and analysis, unless the context indicates otherwise, the terms the “Company,” “Harrow,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Harrow, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries, including ImprimisRx, LLC, ImprimisRx NJ, LLC dba ImprimisRx, Imprimis NJOF, LLC, Harrow IP, LLC and Harrow Eye, LLC. In this discussion and analysis, we refer to our consolidated subsidiaries ImprimisRx, LLC, ImprimisRx NJ, LLC and Imprimis NJOF, LLC collectively as “ImprimisRx.”

In addition to historical information, the following discussion contains forward-looking statements regarding future events and our future performance. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “will,” “may,” “should,” “expects,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “forecasts,” “potential” or “continue” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. All statements made in this Quarterly Report other than statements of historical fact are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties and reflect only our current views, expectations and assumptions with respect to future events and our future performance. If risks or uncertainties materialize or assumptions prove incorrect, actual results or events could differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Risks that could cause actual results to differ from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements we make include, among others, risks related to: liquidity or results of operations; our ability to successfully implement our business plan, develop and commercialize our products, product candidates and proprietary formulations in a timely manner or at all, identify and acquire additional products, manage our pharmacy operations, refinance and otherwise service our debt, obtain financing necessary to operate our business, recruit and retain qualified personnel, manage any growth we may experience and successfully realize the benefits of our previous acquisitions and any other acquisitions and collaborative arrangements we may pursue; the ongoing communications with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration relating to compliance and quality plans at our outsourcing facility in New Jersey; competition from pharmaceutical companies, outsourcing facilities and pharmacies; general economic and business conditions, including inflation and supply chain challenges; regulatory and legal risks and uncertainties related to our pharmacy operations and the pharmacy and pharmaceutical business in general; physician interest in and market acceptance of our current and any future formulations and compounding pharmacies generally; and the other risks and uncertainties described under the heading “Risk Factors” in Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report and in our other filings with the SEC. You should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made and, except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to revise or publicly update any forward-looking statement for any reason.

Overview

We are a leading eyecare pharmaceutical company engaged in the discovery, development, and commercialization of innovative ophthalmic pharmaceutical products for the U.S. market. We help U.S. eyecare professionals preserve the gift of sight by making our comprehensive portfolio of prescription and non-prescription pharmaceutical products accessible and affordable to millions of Americans each year. We own commercial rights to one of the largest portfolios of branded ophthalmic pharmaceutical products in North America, all of which are marketed under the Harrow name. We also own and operate ImprimisRx, one of the nation’s leading ophthalmology-focused pharmaceutical-compounding businesses.

Factors Affecting Our Performance

We believe the primary factors affecting our performance are our ability to increase revenues of our branded pharmaceutical products, proprietary compounded formulations and certain non-proprietary products, grow and gain operating efficiencies in our operations, avoid or mitigate any potential regulatory-related restrictions, optimize pricing and obtain reimbursement options for our drug products, and continue to pursue development and commercialization opportunities for certain of our ophthalmology and other assets that we have not yet made commercially available. We believe we have built a tangible and intangible infrastructure that will allow us to scale revenues efficiently in the near and long-term. All of these activities may require significant costs and other resources, which we may not have or be able to obtain from operations or other sources. See “Liquidity and Capital Resources” below.

Recent Developments

The following describes certain developments in 2025 to date that are important to understand our financial condition and results of operations. See the notes to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report for additional information about each of these developments.

VEVYE Access for All

In March 2025, we announced a patient access program called VEVYE Access for All. The program is designed to increase patient access to VEVYE at an out-of-pocket cost of $59 or below and, in many cases, reduce the need for prior authorizations, step edits, and other treatment obstacles facing dry eye patients and their prescribers.

Project Beagle

During the first quarter of 2025 we initiated a 360-degree review of opportunities to offer ImprimisRx customers a Harrow-owned FDA-approved product alternative to a compounded formulation. We call this initiative Project Beagle. In that vein, we began implementing a continuity of care program to transition approximately 25,000 ImprimisRx patients from our Klarity-C (0.1% cyclosporine) compounded formulation to VEVYE (0.1% cyclosporine), and we expect to discontinue compounding Klarity-C by June 30, 2025. We are also discontinuing another related compounded formulation called Klarity PF. Klarity PF is primarily purchased by a concentrated group of customers who we anticipate will accept our FRESHKOTE product as an alternative. As we work through Project Beagle, we will continue to review opportunities to reduce the size of our compounded formulary, improve and simplify our compounding capabilities, and transition other ImprimisRx customers from compounded formulations to Harrow’s FDA-approved products.

Results of Operations

The following period-to-period comparisons of our financial results for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 are not necessarily indicative of results for any future period.

Revenues

Our revenues include amounts recorded from sales of proprietary compounded formulations, sales of branded products to wholesalers through a third-party logistics facility, commissions from third parties and revenues received from royalty payments owed to us pursuant to out-license arrangements.

The following presents our revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024:

The increase in revenues between periods was related to an increase in sales of our branded ophthalmology products. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, revenues from branded products totaled $27,780,000, compared to $13,869,000 during the same period in the prior year.

Cost of Sales, Gross Profit and Gross Margin

Our cost of sales includes direct and indirect costs to manufacture formulations and sell products, including active pharmaceutical ingredients, personnel costs, packaging, storage, royalties, shipping and handling costs, manufacturing equipment and tenant improvements depreciation, the write-off of obsolete inventory, amortization of acquired product NDAs, and other related expenses.

Branded

The increase in cost of sales was primarily attributable to an increase in units sold during the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared to the prior year period and an increase in our fixed expenses. The decrease in Branded gross margin between the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 was primarily attributable to an increase of our fixed expenses, in particular, acquired product NDA amortizations related to the launch of TRIESENCE and a related contingent milestone payment that was capitalized in the fourth quarter of 2024.

ImprimisRx

The increase in ImprimisRx costs of sales between the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 was primarily attributable to an increase in units sold during the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024. However, due to product mix during the three months ended March 31, 2025 that included more sales of lower gross margin products and sales discounts, ImprimisRx gross margin decreased during the 2025 period compared to the prior year period.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Our selling, general and administrative expenses include personnel costs, including wages and stock-based compensation, corporate facility expenses, and investor relations, consulting, insurance, filing, legal and accounting fees and expenses as well as costs associated with our marketing activities and sales of our proprietary compounded formulations and other non-proprietary pharmacy products and formulations.

The following presents our selling, general and administrative expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024:

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The increase in selling, general and administrative expenses between periods was primarily attributable to an increase in certain seasonal expenses, such as increased costs associated with our annual audit and a special project that totaled $3,629,000 during the three months ended March 31, 2025. In addition, the increase in SG&A expenses between periods was attributable to the addition of new employees in sales, marketing and other departments to support current and expected growth, which when combined contributed to a $11,700,000 increase in SG&A between the periods.

Research and Development Expenses

Our research and development (“R&D”) expenses primarily include personnel costs, including wages and stock-based compensation, expenses related to the development of intellectual property, investigator-initiated research and evaluations, formulation development, acquired in-process R&D and other costs related to the clinical development of our assets.

The following presents our research and development expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024:

The increase in R&D expenses between periods was primarily attributable to increased activity related to our expanded branded product portfolio, product acquisitions, product development efforts, product launches, and clinical and medical support.

Interest Expense, Net

Interest expense, net was $6,548,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to $5,415,000 for the same period in 2024. The increase during the period ended March 31, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024 was primarily the result of an increase in the outstanding principal amount of our debt obligations.

Investment Loss from Eton

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, we recorded a loss of $(1,248,000), related to the change in fair market value of Eton Pharmaceuticals, Inc’s common stock. In April 2024, we sold all of our shares of Eton.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity

Our cash on hand at March 31, 2025 was $66,726,000, compared to $47,247,000 at December 31, 2024.

As of the date of this Quarterly Report, we believe that cash and cash equivalents of $66,726,000 at March 31, 2025 will be sufficient to sustain our planned level of operations and capital expenditures for at least the next 12 months. Management expects to refinance the Oaktree Loan (as defined in Note 10 of our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report) during 2025 and the 2026 Notes (as defined in Note 10 of our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report) at the same time or soon thereafter. Management believes it is probable that we will be able to refinance the Oaktree Loan and 2026 Notes; however, there can be no assurance that we will obtain the refinancing on terms acceptable to us, or at all - see the subheading Sources of Capital below for additional discussion regarding the Oaktree Loan, 2026 Notes and refinancing plans. In addition, we may consider the sale of certain assets including, but not limited to, part of, or all of, our investment in Melt Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Melt”) and any of our consolidated subsidiaries. However, we may pursue acquisitions of products, drug candidates or other strategic transactions that involve large expenditures or we may experience growth more rapidly or on a larger scale than we expect, any of which could result in the depletion of capital resources more rapidly than anticipated and could require us to seek additional financing to support our operations.

We expect to use our current cash position and funds generated from our operations and any financing to pursue our business plan, which includes developing and commercializing drug candidates, compounded formulations and technologies, integrating and developing our operations, pursuing potential future strategic transactions as opportunities arise, including potential acquisitions of additional drug products, drug candidates, and/or assets or technologies, pharmacies, outsourcing facilities, drug company and manufacturers, and otherwise fund our operations. We may also use our resources to conduct clinical trials or other studies in support of our formulations or any drug candidate for which we pursue FDA approval, to pursue additional development programs or to explore other development opportunities.

Net Cash Flow

The following provides detailed information about our net cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024:

Operating Activities

Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities during the three months ended March 31, 2025 was $19,668,000 compared to $(4,628,000) during the same period in the prior year. The increase in net cash provided by operating activities between the periods was mainly attributed to a decrease of $39,196,000 in accounts receivable due to collections during the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared to a decrease of $8,396,000 during the same period in 2024.

Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2025 was $(212,000) compared to $(110,000) during the same period in the prior year. Cash used in investing activities in 2025 and 2024 was primarily related to equipment and software purchases.

Financing Activities

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 was $23,000 and $(809,000), respectively. Cash provided by financing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2025 was related to proceeds received from the exercise of stock options. Cash used in financing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2024 was primarily related to payment of payroll taxes upon vesting of RSUs in exchange for shares withheld from employees.

Sources of Capital

During the three months ended March 31, 2025, our principal sources of cash came from proceeds from our operating activities. We expect future cash needs to be provided by operating activities, but our forecasts may not be accurate, and our plans may change. We may also sell some of our assets, or all of our ownership interests in Melt or our other subsidiaries.

In January 2026 the Oaktree Loan matures and in April 2026, the 2026 Notes become due. As of March 31, 2025, there was $107,500,000 principal amount outstanding under the Oaktree Loan and $75,000,000 principal amount of the 2026 Notes were outstanding. The maturity of these debt obligations could raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. We are currently in discussions with our current senior secured lender, Oaktree, and other potential lenders about refinancing the Oaktree Loan and the 2026 Notes. Management expects to engage in more definitive discussions and negotiations with Oaktree and other potential lenders in the summer and fall of 2025. Management believes it is probable that we will be able to refinance the Oaktree Loan and the 2026 Notes based on our collateral strength and expected cash flows from operations; however, there can be no assurance that we will obtain the refinancing on terms acceptable to us, or at all. We believe that one of the other alternatives available to us is the sale of one or more of our assets. There can be no assurance that any sale could be completed on a timely basis or on terms acceptable to us. If we are unable to successfully refinance the Oaktree Loan and the 2026 Notes, we do not expect to have the ability to repay the Oaktree Loan and the 2026 Notes in full.

We may acquire new products, product candidates and/or businesses and, as a result, we may need significant additional capital to support our business plan and fund our proposed business operations. We may also seek additional financing from a variety of sources, including other equity or debt financings, funding from corporate partnerships or licensing arrangements, sales of assets or any other financing transaction. If we issue equity or convertible debt securities to raise additional funds, our existing stockholders may experience substantial dilution, and the newly issued equity or debt securities may have more favorable terms or rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of our existing stockholders. If we raise additional funds through collaboration or licensing arrangements or sales of assets, we may be required to relinquish potentially valuable rights to our product candidates or proprietary technologies or formulations, or grant licenses on terms that are not favorable to us. If we raise funds by incurring additional debt, we may be required to pay significant interest expenses and our leverage relative to our earnings or to our equity capitalization may increase. Obtaining commercial loans, assuming they would be available, would increase our liabilities and future cash commitments and may impose restrictions on our activities, such as the financial and operating covenants. Further, we may incur substantial costs in pursuing future capital and/or financing transactions, including investment banking fees, legal fees, accounting fees, printing and distribution expenses and other costs. We may also be required to recognize non-cash expenses in connection with certain securities we may issue, such as convertible notes and warrants, which would adversely impact our financial results.

We may be unable to obtain financing when necessary as a result of, among other things, our performance, general economic conditions, conditions in the pharmaceuticals and pharmacy industries, or our operating history. In addition, the fact that we have a limited history of profitability could further impact the availability or cost to us of future financings. As a result, sufficient funds may not be available when needed from any source or, if available, such funds may not be available on terms that are acceptable to us. If we are unable to raise funds to satisfy our capital needs when needed, then we may need to forego pursuit of potentially valuable development or acquisition opportunities, we may not be able to continue to operate our business pursuant to our business plan, which would require us to modify our operations to reduce spending to a sustainable level by, among other things, delaying, scaling back or eliminating some or all of our ongoing or planned investments in corporate infrastructure, business development, sales and marketing and other activities, or we may be forced to discontinue our operations entirely.

Recently Issued and Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 2 to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report.

Interest Rate Risk

We are exposed to market risk related to changes in interest rates on our cash and cash equivalents and the Oaktree Loan. We do not utilize derivative financial instruments or other market risk-sensitive instruments to manage our exposure to interest rate changes.

We believe our interest rate risk related to our cash and cash equivalents is not material as our risk is that interest rates fall. Based on the current interest rates, we do not have a significant downside risk of a drop in interest rates.

The interest rate risk related to the Oaktree Loan is based on the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) plus an interest rate spread of 6.5% per annum. A hypothetical increase of 100 basis points in SOFR would impact our interest expense by $1,075,000 per annum based on the outstanding balance under the Oaktree Loan as of March 31, 2025.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Under the supervision and with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, our management conducted an evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined under Rule 13a-15(e) promulgated under the Exchange Act, as they existed on March 31, 2025. Based on this evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to achieve their stated purpose as of March 31, 2025, the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended March 31, 2025, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II

OTHER INFORMATION

In addition to the other information contained in this Quarterly Report you should consider the risk factors and the other information in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, including our audited financial statements and the related notes and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” If any such risks actually occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations and future growth prospects would likely be materially and adversely affected. In these circumstances, the market price of our common stock would likely decline and you may lose all or part of your investment. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial also may impair our business operations.