Massimo Group: Form 10-K/A for the period ended Dec 31, 2024

Overview

We believe we are a leading company in the Mid-Tier Band of the powersports vehicles and boats industry in the United States, which includes the All-Terrain Vehicle (“ATV”), Utility-Terrain Vehicle (“UTV”), and pontoon and tritoon boats (“Pontoon Boats”) subsectors (the “Powersports Vehicles and Boats Industry”). “Mid-Tier Band” means the mid-tier band of the Powersports Vehicles and Boats Industry, which our management considers to be those manufacturers that produce a wide range of products that cater to customer needs but do not yet have the international operations and market share of the Top-Tier Band (as defined below) of the Powersports Vehicles and Boats Industry. “Top-Tier Band” means the top-tier band of the Powersports Vehicles and Boats Industry, which our management considers to include companies such as Polaris, Bombardier Recreational Products (BRP), Honda, and Yamaha with international operations and large market shares.

We manufacture, import and distribute a diversified portfolio of products divided into two main lines: (1) UTVs, ATVs, motorcycles, scooters, golf carts and a juvenile line from go karts to balance bikes and tractors among other products; and (2) recreational Pontoon Boats. In 2024, we released an all-new line of All-Weather UTVs with enclosures, heaters, and AC units. We plan to offer All-Weather options for all UTVs in the future. We have also been developing new product lines, such as electric vehicle (“EV”) chargers and electric Pontoon Boats, all of which are currently available for sale. In addition to distributing our products, we aim to provide unparalleled customer service, which includes over 600 motor vehicles and 5,500 marine third-party service providers across the United States, 24-hour customer support and an approximately 40,000 sq. ft. parts facility which enables us to fulfill most parts orders within 48 hours.

We are headquartered in a 376,000 sq. ft. facility of which 280,000 sq. ft. is dedicated to Massimo Motor Sports LLC (“Massimo Motor Sports”) and 96,000 sq. ft. to Massimo Marine LLC (“Massimo Marine”). Our facility is adjacent to seven acres for boat storage in Dallas, Texas, which houses a design center, two manual assembly lines. including an automated vehicle assembly robot line, our parts department, a test track, dyno and over 30 loading docks. Our products are sold directly by us in the e-commerce marketplace and through a network of dealerships, distributors, and chain stores. We have a significant in-store UTV retail partnership with Tractor Supply Co.

We manufacture and assemble our products in our Dallas facility and rely upon an international network of strategic global partnerships to supply us with parts and components. In 2017, we began a partnership with Linhai Yamaha Motor Co., located in Shanghai, China which allowed us to rapidly expand our product line and increase the performance of our vehicles. Further, we partnered with Kubota, Japan to enter the diesel UTV market in 2019.

On June 11, 2024, we entered into a strategic partnership agreement with Armlogi Holding Corp (“Armlogi”), a U.S.-based warehousing and logistics service provider, to gain access to Armlogi’s warehousing facilities and tailored logistics services for fast order fulfillment of UTVS, ATVs, Go-Karts and Golf Carts. Pursuant to the agreement Armlogi will receive containers of our vehicle kits arriving from Asian suppliers at its warehouses in Savannah, GA, Edison, NJ, and Walnut, CA. Massimo will provide vehicle assembly at the warehouses, and Armlogi will supply inventory management, storage services, logistics, and delivery to final order destinations.

Corporate History

Massimo Motor Sports was initially formed as a limited liability company in Texas on June 30, 2009. Massimo Marine was formed as a limited liability company in Texas on January 6, 2020. At the time of the respective formations, Mr. David Shan had held one hundred percent (100%) of the issued and outstanding membership interests of Massimo Motor Sports and Massimo Marine.

On October 10, 2022, Massimo was formed, with Mr. David Shan as the sole stockholder. On June 1, 2023, the Company effectuated an internal reorganization whereby (i) Asian International Securities Exchange Co., Ltd. (“AISE”) entered into two separate contribution agreements with Massimo Marine and Massimo Motor Sports, respectively, whereby AISE contributed $1,000,000 to Massimo Marine and $1,000,000 to Massimo Motor Sports in exchange for fifteen percent (15%) of membership interests in both entities, and (ii) simultaneously, on the same date, Mr. David Shan and AISE contributed their membership interests in Massimo Marine and Massimo Motor Sports, which was eighty-five percent (85%) and fifteen percent (15%) respectively, to Massimo in exchange for shares of common stock, par value $0.001 (“common stock”) of Massimo, the end result being that Mr. David Shan and AISE owned eighty-five percent (85%) and fifteen percent (15%) of Massimo (the “Reorganization”) prior to our initial public offering.

Listing

Our common stock began trading on April 2, 2024 on The Nasdaq Capital Market (“Nasdaq”) under the symbol “MAMO.”

Competitive Strengths

The following strengths have enabled us to achieve our growth to date, and we believe will contribute to our ongoing growth:

Diversified and Comprehensive Product Portfolio

We have a robust portfolio of products, including UTVs and ATVs, golf carts, motorcycles, scooters, Pontoon Boats, tractors, snow equipment and a line of accessories for the outdoor enthusiast including electric coolers, power stations and portable solar panels. Our products provide enthusiasts with a variety of exhilarating, stylish and powerful vehicles for year-round use on a variety of terrains. The diversity of our products reduces our exposure to changes in consumer behavior in any single category and provides us with multiple avenues for continued growth. Furthermore, certain product lines are sold in offsetting seasons, reducing the overall seasonality of our sales and lowering cash flow influx risk.

In addition to its appeal to consumers, our broad product portfolio provides a compelling value proposition to our dealers and distributors and allows dealers to reduce seasonality, increase operational efficiency and facilitate inventory management.

Multiple Distribution Channels

We have established multiple distribution channels for our products, including our own e-commerce platforms, leading marketplace accounts, an extensive network of independent dealers and distributors, and relationships with some of the largest retailers in the United States, including Tractor Supply Co., Lowes, Walmart, Costco, Sam’s Club, Home Depot, Fleet Farm, Rural King, and more. Our multiple channels for distribution and large dealer network provide multiple avenues through which we can engage and communicate with consumers.

Strategic Partnerships with Leading Suppliers of High-Quality Products

We benefit from cordial relationships with leading suppliers throughout the world. We have ongoing relationships with leading manufacturers which enable us to offer our customers reliable leading-edge high-quality products at prices which represent great value. For example, since 2017 we have partnered with Linhai Yamaha Motor Co., a supplier located in Shanghai, China, which has allowed us to increase our vehicles performance and expand our product lines. These relationships also enable us to cut costs while maintaining quality standards and plan shipments to control our inventory levels. Many of our manufacturing partners’ facilities are located in China, which has historically enabled them to offer lower cost manufacturing and rapid lead-times for end-market distribution in the United States.

Dedicated Customer Support Team

We have over 600 third-party motor sports service providers across the United States, more than 5,500 third-party marine boat service centers to service our Pontoon Boats and a dedicated staff of full-time employees including trained technicians to provide online and telephone support to our customers and dealers. This is a value-added service we provide, albeit we have not historically generated revenue from providing maintenance services. We carry full lines of parts, accessories and maintenance items across all models in our approximately 40,000 sq. ft. parts department and strive to fill all orders for parts and accessories within 48 hours.

State of the Art Facility

We are headquartered in a 376,000 sq. ft. facility of which 280,000 sq. ft. is dedicated to Massimo Motor Sports and 96,000 sq. ft. to Massimo Marine. Our facility is adjacent to seven acres for boat storage in Dallas, Texas, which houses a design center, two assembly lines, our parts department, a test track, dyno, and over 30 loading docks. In addition to serving as the manufacturing facility for our Pontoon Boats, the facility is equipped to quickly palletize and shrink wrap ATVs and UTVs so that most orders can be shipped to stores or distributors within three days. We have also partnered with Armlogi to gain access to its warehousing facilities and tailored logistics services for fast order fulfillment of UTVS, ATVs, Go-Karts and Golf Carts.

Highly Experienced Management Team

Our experienced management team has demonstrated its ability to identify, create and implement new product opportunities, increase revenues, improve financial performance, and maintain a corporate culture dedicated to serving our customers and providing them with premium quality products at great value with unparalleled service.

Strategy

Our goal is to enter the Top-Tier Band of the Powersports Vehicles and Boats Industry and increase our market share through the following initiatives:

• Open New Distribution Centers. As of the date of this report we have opened five new distribution centers in California, Georgia, New Jersey, Texas, and Illinois through our partnership with Armlogi This expansion has enhanced our ability to efficiently deliver products, replacement parts, and accessories to customers, distributors, and retailers across the western and eastern United States. As a result, we have reduced delivery times and associated costs, improved operational efficiency, and enhanced customer satisfaction while strengthening our margins.
• Invest in our Infrastructure. We believe our success greatly depends on our ability to maintain our operating efficiencies. To support this initiative, we implemented an automated robotic assembly line, increasing production efficiency. Additionally, we upgraded key components of our information technology (IT) systems, integrating our online sales platform with our enterprise resource planning (ERP) system. We remain committed to further investments in our infrastructure to enhance operational efficiency.
• Expand Our Existing Product Lines. We have expanded our product lines by introducing new models of UTVs, ATVs and recreational vehicles to meet diverse customer needs and preferences. In 2024, we launched new all-weather UTV models equipped with enclosures and air conditioning, delivering both comfort and performance. We plan to extend these features to all UTV models in the near future. Additionally, we introduced new electric golf carts in 2024. We will continue to follow consumer trends and consult with our suppliers and distributors to identify new products and product upgrades we will offer to customers and distributors. Where possible, such as with our Pontoon Boats, we will upgrade our offerings and add new accessories to increase our profit margins.
• Expand into AI Application Robotic Products. To enhance our product portfolio with cutting-edge technology and AI, we plan to partner with existing manufacturers and begin by distributing AI-powered robotic products designed for both indoor and outdoor use. These products would integrate advanced AI, computer vision, and robotics, enabling them to navigate environments, avoid obstacles, deliver objects, and send alerts. We initially plan to adopt these products as companions or assistants for hunting, as well as for various farm and ranch utility purposes. They present exciting opportunities across industries such as surveillance, inspection, logistics, and both indoor and outdoor entertainment. As we gain deeper insights into the market and customer needs, we will introduce customization options tailored to specific industries. To support our customers, we intend to provide pre-sales training on product operation and optimization, as well as comprehensive after-sales services, including maintenance and repairs. We believe this initiative can fundamentally transform our business, allowing us to expand beyond traditional powersports vehicles and boats into the realm of high-tech and AI-driven applications.
• Expand and Diversify our Supplier Base. To enable us to further diversify our product offerings, drive down our product costs and reduce our supply chain risks and improve quality control, we will seek to establish relationships with new suppliers in countries building their manufacturing capacities as certain buyers seek to reduce their dependence on Chinese manufacturers. Should appropriate opportunities arise, we will seek to vertically integrate our production capabilities by acquiring a manufacturing facility or opening our own plant.
• Increase our Personnel. We intend to look to augment our current personnel by adding additional employees with experience to increase sales of our current products, identify and launch new products and increase our operating efficiencies. This will also include hiring experienced engineers, product designers, and sales representatives who can help the Company achieve its growth objectives.
• Acquisitions and Consolidation: We will explore potential acquisitions and consolidation opportunities in the Powersports Vehicles and other related outdoor products industry to expand our market share and gain access to new technologies and capabilities.

Products

We have a diverse product line which includes industrial and recreational UTVs, recreational ATVs, golf carts, motorcycles, Pontoon Boats, juvenile products from go karts to balance bikes, and tractors, snow equipment and a line of accessories including EV chargers, electric coolers, power stations and portable solar panels. In 2024, we launched new all-weather UTV models equipped with enclosures and air conditioning, delivering both comfort and performance. We plan to extend these features to all UTV models in the near future. Additionally, we introduced new electric golf carts in 2024. This strategic initiative reflects our commitment to innovation, moving beyond traditional gas-powered models to meet the increasing demand for advanced technology and enhanced comfort.

The majority of our products are imported directly from our manufacturer network to our facility in Dallas where they are assembled, accessorized and inspected before shipment to a distributor or direct to the customer, with the exception of our Pontoon Boats, which are wholly manufactured at our Dallas facility. With the exception of our products designed for industry usage, our products are designed to serve and market towards recreational users.

We constantly monitor the consumer market and consult with suppliers to determine what new products we can offer customers. In determining whether to commence distributing a product, among other things, we consider the quality and reliability of the product, the value we believe we can deliver to the consumer based on the price to be paid to the supplier and the reliability of the supplier.

ATV and UTV

An ATV is an all-terrain vehicle-commonly called a four-wheeler or quad-designed for a single rider and typically used for recreation. A UTV is a utility terrain vehicle used for work or recreation. Designed with a cabin for two to four riders, it is often called an SxS or side-by-side.

We currently distribute five models of our line of ATVs with base prices ranging from approximately $,3,999 to $8,999, and four lines of UTVs with various models including golf carts, at prices ranging from $6,499 to $21,999. We maintain a full line of accessories and replacement parts for all of our ATVs and UTVs. In the fiscal years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the majority of our ATV and UTV sales were gas-powered models. Nevertheless, we offer electric versions of several of our UTVs, particularly electric golf carts and electric utility carts.

Massimo MSA 450F ATV

Massimo T-Boss 550 UTV

Massimo Warrior 1000

Massimo T-Boss 550L

Massimo T-Boss 1000

Massimo GKD 350 All-Terrain Go Kart

Massimo MVR 2X and Massimo MVR Cargo Max Electric Golf Carts

Recreational Pontoon Boats

Pontoon Boats are flat-deck boats propelled by an outboard motor with two or three floating aluminum tubes supporting the deck. They are rectangular in shape, making them generally unsuitable for uneven or rough water and are popular in lakes where they are used for entertainment, fishing, sunbathing and other leisurely activities. Pontoon Boats have a large deck surface, which allows for more seats, luxury, comfort, expanded storage space, and increased capacity for a variety of activities depending on customers’ preferences.

We entered the Pontoon Boats market in 2020 when we successfully launched our first series of Pontoon Boats. From inception, we have manufactured our Pontoon Boats in our Dallas facility. In terms of our product offerings, we currently offer both gas-powered and electric-powered boats and maintain a complete line of replacement parts and a broad range of accessories.

Additionally, we are now also producing fully electric Pontoon Boats. On December 2, 2024, the Company entered into partnership with Vision Marine Technologies Inc (“Vision Marine”), a pioneer in electric marine propulsion. As part of the agreement, Massimo Marine will supply pontoon boats to be equipped with Vision Marine’s E-Motion™ 180E Powertrain System, a complete turnkey electric powertrain solution.

The Pontoon Boats market has demonstrated remarkable growth since 2008, when the financial crisis resulted in declines across the boating industry. According to data from Statistical Surveys Inc. (“SSI”), Pontoon Boats, second to personal watercraft, have been a leading segment in the Pontoon Boating industry over the last decade. However, since 2023, the U.S. leisure boating industry has faced a decline by approximately 9% to 12%, driven by economic volatility and high interest rates.

Massimo Pontoon Boat

Motorcycles, GO Karts, Youth Market and Accessories

Along with our larger vehicles, we offer a range of gas and electric powered wheeled vehicles for the sports enthusiast. These include lines of minibikes and motorcycles, at prices ranging from $700 to $8,000, including our recently introduced E-Spider 72V Trike, go karts for both children and adults, and a line of go karts, mini-bikes and electric balance bikes especially designed for the juvenile market. Each of these models is designed to appeal to a specific segment within the recreational powersports market, from youth models to electric vehicle enthusiasts.

Massimo Go Kart, Mini 125 and Motorcycles

We offer a wide range of accessories for all of our vehicles including replacement parts and supplies, along with seasonal equipment such as snowplows and enclosures specially designed for our UTVs. Our outdoor accessories include EV chargers, portable solar panels, electric coolers and power stations.

Marketing

Our target customers are the growing portion of the United States population participating in outdoor recreational activities, farmers and other industrial users that can benefit from the utility of an ATV or UTV.

Major market drivers for ATVs are the greater affordability and ease of operation compared to larger more cumbersome vehicles. ATVs are typically less expensive than UTVs. Further, ATVs are easy to operate, especially if you have driven a motorcycle or snowmobile before.

For UTVs, major market drivers include excellent rideability and higher safety level, more options for customization, more storage room and the ability to hold more passengers. A UTV is controlled by a steering wheel, as opposed to handlebars, making it much easier to drive and allowing for familiarity for those who have driven a car or truck. Customers are more concerned about safety will likely be more comfortable in a UTV than an ATV. Due to their design, UTVs are more stable and easier to control. They also have additional safety measures not found on ATVs, such as seat belts and roll cages. Customers can now add lift kits, new suspensions, lighting systems, cabin heaters, stereo systems and much more to their UTVs than was previously available. Lastly, people who need a more utilitarian work vehicle tend to choose a UTV. In addition to higher payload capacities, UTVs usually have more storage room to haul around necessary equipment.

Major drivers of the Pontoon Boats industry in the United States include disposable income coupled with the rise in watercraft sports activities across multiple states. Boating participation across the United States is growing as a result of escalating customer spending for motorized water sports. Pontoon Boats in particular are benefitting from the consumer preference for the comfort flat decks provide as compared to typical V-hull boats of the same length because of the increased open deck area. The larger decks make it easier to host a family outing, party, or fishing outing. Pontoon Boats also provide a more stable steady ride than a narrow v-hulled craft of similar size. Recent technological improvements, including the introduction of two- and four-stroke engines with direct injection technology, which provide improved fuel economy, lower emissions, and more power, is increasing demand for larger more sophisticated Pontoon Boats.

Multiple Distribution Channels

Our products are sold directly by us, in the e-commerce marketplace and through a network of dealerships, distributors, and retailers.

To reach our target customer, we have established multiple distribution channels for our products, including our own on-line sites, multiple popular e-commerce sites, an extensive network of independent dealers and distributors and relationships with some of the largest retailers in the United States including Tractor Supply Co., Lowes, Walmart, Sam’s Club, and more. We have a significant UTV retail partnership with Tractor Supply Co. through which we generated approximately $47 million and $71 million in revenue in the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively. Our multiple channels for distribution and large dealer network provide multiple avenues through which we can engage and communicate with consumers.

We have an in-house marketing staff which directs our ad campaigns and social media marketing as well as campaigns targeted at expanding our distributor network. Our marketing personnel work closely with our dealers, distributors and retailers organizing in-store and co-branded marketing programs. Since inception, we have sought to develop recognition for our brand name among both consumers and distributors through a variety of advertising campaigns, including paid advertisements, landing page campaigns, co-branded campaigns, displays on YouTube and other forms of social media and industry reviews. Part of our strategy has been to seek out quality suppliers, some with recognized brands of their own, who can provide reliable, high-quality vehicles with the latest features at good value.

Generally, our sales directly to independent dealerships account for the majority of our sales during each fiscal year. Once we establish partnerships with independent dealerships, we then sell our products directly to the dealers. The dealers are strategically located throughout the United States. Once they purchase our product, in the most typical situation, they sell the products out of their brick-and-mortar location to end users. The dealerships become our long-term partners and they work with us to promote our brand across their own networks and channels. Presently, we have established partnerships with dealerships who carry our products in approximately 2,800 locations across the United States and with retail stores such as Tractor Supply Co., and Lowes. Over the past several years, we have been actively focusing our efforts on expanding our direct dealer network.

Our partnerships with dealers are critical to expanding our brand awareness in new markets geographically. We are beginning to make inroads into the Canadian market and have initiated a relationship with an independent distributor in Ontario, Canada.

Most dealers and distributors distribute multiple products within our portfolio: ATVs and UTVs, Pontoon Boats, motorcycles, and other smaller vehicles as well as parts and accessories. Unlike our competitors, which market their products principally through their affiliated dealers, we also sell our products through well-known retailers such as Lowes, Tractor Supply Co., Farm King, and other farm and industrial equipment dealers, boat and marine dealers and lawn and garden dealers.

Before entering into a formal partnership with a dealer, we conduct thorough background and credit checks to ensure the prospective partnership is beneficial for us and our customers. To incentive our partners to promote our brands, we implement performance-based incentive programs, which includes the possibility of obtaining additional benefits, such as promotional pricing.

Dedicated Customer Support Team

Our marketing effort does not stop when the customer purchases one of our products. After sale activities intended to maintain a positive relationship include delivery confirmation calls, review requests, warranty registration cards and reminders for scheduled maintenance and maintenance items. We have a dedicated staff of full-time employees including trained technicians to provide online and telephone support to our customers and dealers. We carry full line of parts, accessories and maintenance items across all models in our approximately 40,000 sq. ft. parts facility and strive to fill all parts orders within 48 hours. We provide extensive parts diagrams and service manuals and our trained technicians are available to both distributors and individual customers to assist with diagnosing and solving any problem that may come up.

Product Warranties

We provide limited warranty coverage for defects in materials and workmanship in our ATVs, UTVs, golf carts, Go-Karts and motorcycles for a period of one year. The warranty is non-transferable for the period of coverage if the vehicle is resold. Our limited warranty is void if the vehicle is used as a rental, racing or any modifications are made to the product. Although we employ quality control procedures, a product is sometimes distributed which needs repair or replacement. Historically, product recalls have not had a material effect on our business.

We have entered into an exclusive arrangement with Mercury Marine, a division of Brunswick corporation (“Mercury Marine” or “Mercury”), so all of our Pontoon Boats come equipped with a Mercury outboard engine and parts. Our Mercury warranty and service program gives our customers access to 5,500 approved service centers in the United States. Like most luxury brands, we offer a ten-year warranty on the deck of the Pontoon Boats and a lifetime warranty on aluminum on many materials and workmanship and a three-year warranty for defects in critical parts including the structure, pontoons, fencing, channels, motor mounts and rotomold seat frames caused by poor workmanship. Because we are Mercury exclusive, our customers receive a three-year warranty offered by Mercury on everything supplied by Mercury, which includes digital control, hydraulic steering, throttle, steering system, engine, cables, and electrical. Our warranty, along with the Mercury are transferable during the original warranty period and are in line with top level original equipment manufacturers.

Financing Arrangements

We have arrangements with Northpoint Commercial Finance and Automotive Finance Corporation to provide floor plan financing for our dealers and distributors. Substantially all of our products, including ATVs, UTVs, golf carts and Pontoon Boats are financed under arrangements in which we are paid within a few days of a product’s shipment. To incentivize our dealers and distributors, we bear the first three month of interest, so they pay no interest if our products are sold within 90 days of receipt.

We do not directly provide financing for the purchase of our products. We do, however, have programs where we introduce our customers to lenders, such as Northpoint Commercial Finance and Automotive Finance Corporation, who are willing to provide financing for our UTVs, ATVs, golf carts and Pontoon Boats customers.

We work with several financing companies to offer competitive loans for prime and subprime buyers. Our partners can get prospective buyers prequalified with no impact to credit scores via quick online applications. We do provide promotional support with these partners to offer prime loan rates as low as 2.99%. We also sell select models direct which are paid in full prior to pick up or shipment.

Manufacturing and Sourcing

We manufacture our Pontoon Boats in our 376,000 sq. ft. facility of which 280,000 sq. ft. is dedicated to Massimo Motor Sports and 96,000 sq. ft. to Massimo Marine. Our facility is adjacent to a seven-acre storage area for boats in Dallas, Texas. This space houses a design center, two assembly lines, training rooms, an approximately 40,000 square foot parts department, and over thirty loading docks. Structural components and other materials are sourced locally from a variety of suppliers and electrical components and engines are obtained through an exclusive arrangement with Mercury. We have entered into an exclusive arrangement with Mercury, so all of our Pontoon Boats come equipped with a Mercury outboard engine and parts.

Apart from the brand name items we offer to our customers, such as the outboard motor, depth finder, radio and stereo system, the materials and components used in our pontoons are generally available from multiple suppliers. If any supplier was unable to fulfill our needs, alternate sources are available. More than 60% of the value of our boats are USA sourced, thus limiting our risk for overseas interruption.

Substantially all products other than our boats, in particular our ATVs and UTVs, are sourced from select global manufacturers with which we have ongoing relationships. Our in-house sourcing and logistics personnel reach out to possible vendors, suppliers and raw material providers, and review their products and background to ensure that their products will meet our standards and that they can meet our needs on a timely basis. We review market trends with our major suppliers to coordinate manufacturing volumes and delivery dates and determine whether there is an opportunity to upgrade or accessorize a product to increase its customer appeal, the sales price and our margins. We currently have ongoing supply agreements in place with approximately 30 suppliers, two of which are located in the United States, one in Taiwan, and the majority in China.

In 2017, we entered into a partnership for engines with Linhai Yamaha Motor Co. which enabled us to increase the performance of our vehicles and offer new products. An agreement reached in 2019 with Kubota Japan enabled us to obtain a reliable diesel engine with which to enter the diesel UTV market. Currently, our top three suppliers are Linhai Powersports USA Corporation (“Linhai Powersports”), Huzhou Meiwen Textile Imp. & Exp. Co., Ltd. and Linhai Co., Ltd., all of which are located in China and supplied us with approximately 79% and 68% (by cost) of our products in the fiscal years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

We do not currently expect to suspend our production, sales or maintenance of any of our products or experience higher costs due to constrained capacity or materially increased commodity prices or challenges sourcing materials. We believe our supply chain can respond to expected consumer demand and we will be able to continue to supply products to our customers at reasonable prices. We have not experienced, and do not currently expect to experience, surges or declines in consumer demand for which we are unable to adjust our supply. We have not been affected by export restrictions or sanctions. Nevertheless, we are focusing on broadening our base of suppliers to reduce our dependence on a limited number of suppliers for the majority of our products, to minimize the risk of relying upon Chinese manufacturers, including the risk of fluctuations in the exchange rate between the U.S. Dollar and the legal currency of China (“Chinese RMB”) and impact of tariffs. Our ability to meet customer demand is significantly impacted by tariffs on imported components. As of March 4, 2025, a 20% tariff applies to our Chinese imports, which we expect to directly affect our cost structure. While we continue exploring ways to mitigate this impact, including potential pricing adjustments, it remains uncertain whether we can pass these costs on to customers or if higher prices will negatively affect sales. For further details please see “Risk Factors - There is no assurance there will not be disruptions to trade between China and the United States.”

Research and Development

In addition to our own internal research and development (“R&D”), we work closely with our suppliers to design innovative, high-performance products to build strong customer loyalty and sustain our reputation as a leading-edge manufacturer. Our suppliers bear the expense of upfront engineering and design work, recouping the expense out of the amount charged for their products.

Information Technology

Our in-house design and logistics personnel rely heavily on IT systems to explore new product offerings, to ensure a smooth workflow, and production quality and control. Our relationships with our customers and distributors rely upon the latest technologies to maintain contact and foster a positive collaborative working relationship. As we grow, we will continue to rely heavily upon IT systems to maintain our operating efficiency.

Intellectual Property

We currently hold eight issued patents in the United States that protect certain aspects of our products, design and technologies. Each of our patents has a term of 14 years with the exception of one, which has 15 years. As part of our ongoing efforts to prevent infringements on our intellectual property rights and to keep abreast of critical technology developments by our competitors, we closely monitor patent applications in the United States and China. The following is a summary of our patent portfolio:

We also rely upon a combination of registered and unregistered trademarks, service marks, and trade names to strengthen our position as a branded motor sports company with increasing brand recognition. We hold various registered trademarks in the United States with respect to our brands and product lines. We carefully review the brands and trademarks being used by our competitors in the United States and other jurisdictions before using a new trademark and in determining the jurisdictions in which to register any new trademark used by us. As we continue to enter new product categories and develop new models of our current products, we plan to develop and register new trademarks to differentiate such products.

We intend on entering into confidentiality agreements with our suppliers, employees and consultants who may have access to our proprietary information. These agreements will provide that all inventions, ideas, discoveries, improvements, and copyrightable material made or conceived by the individual arising out of the employment or consulting relationship and all confidential information developed or made known to the individual during the term of the relationship are our exclusive property. See “Risk Factors-Risks Relating to Our Business, Strategy, and Industry-We have not made use of confidentiality agreements in the past and, although we intend to rely on such agreements in future dealings with suppliers, employees, consultants, and other parties, the prior lack or the breach of such agreements could adversely affect our business and results of operations.”

Employees

As of March 24, 2025, we had approximately 100 employees, of which approximately 10 were in management and administration, 18 were sales and service personnel, 62 were in manufacturing, 5 were in quality control and 5 were in R&D. None of our employees are represented by a union, and our relationship with our employees is satisfactory.

Competition

ATV and UTV Markets

The major players in the market include Polaris, Bombardier Recreational Products (BRP), Honda and Yamaha. We seek to differentiate ourselves by offering products with the latest design features and options and by providing superior aftermarket support to our customers and distributors.

Pontoon Boats Market

The United States Pontoon Boats market is fragmented and there is a significant number of vendors which offer Pontoon Boats across the country. Competition among vendors is based on product offerings and pricing, putting a premium on offering up to date models with high-end accessories.

Seasonality

The ATV and UTV markets do experience some seasonality, but we have developed our product lines to appeal to seasonal customers to minimize any disruptions. In the spring and summer months, we focus on outdoor campaigns tailored to spring cleaning, planting, fishing and family outdoor activities. We promote our complimentary lines of outdoor accessories including electric coolers, outdoor power stations and solar panels. In the fall and winter months, we have a heavy push for hunting season in the United States, and we promote our winter accessories including snow blowers, snowplows and enclosures, in addition we recently launched the winter series of our T-Boss UTV series with cab enclosure to provide protection from the elements.

With Pontoon Boats, we are both a distributor and a retailer, which provides some seasonal protection. Dealers order higher volumes between October to March while retail orders are higher April to September. This gives us an overall balance. While winter months are always slower than summer months, it allows us to maintain cash flow during the winter season.

Product Liability

Product liability claims are made against us from time to time. We do not believe that the outcome of any pending product liability litigation will have a material adverse effect on our operations. However, no assurance can be given as to whether any material product liability claims against us will be made in the future.

Our commercial general liability insurance provides us with coverages of $2,000,000 general aggregate limit and $2,000,000 products-completed operations aggregate limit, with a minimal amount of deductible per claim. We also have umbrella liability insurance with coverage of $5,000,000 aggregate on top of general liability insurance and workers’ compensation insurance. We believe our current coverage is adequate for our existing business and will continue to evaluate the coverages in the future in line with our expanding sales and product breadth.

Insurance

We carry various insurance coverage policies to protect against certain risks consistent with the exposures associated with the nature of our operations. The most significant insurance policies that we carry include:

• commercial general liability insurance for bodily injury and property damage resulting from operations and our products;
• property insurance covering the replacement value of all real and personal property damage, including damages arising from earthquake, flood damage and business interruption;
• cargo insurance to protect against loss or damage to goods while in transit;
• workers’ compensation coverage in the United States to required statutory limits;
• directors and officers insurance; and
• cyber insurance to mitigate risk exposure by offsetting recovery costs following a cyber-related security breach or similar event.

All policies are subject to certain deductibles, limits or sub-limits and policy terms and conditions.

Inflation

While our business has been impacted by rising inflation, our management does not believe that it has had a material negative impact on our business and results of operations. In recent years, our China-based suppliers have increased the cost of their products as a result of inflation. However, these increases have thus far been offset by the exchange rate fluctuation of the Chinese RMB, which has resulted in there being no material change to our costs. Although we are looking to broaden our supplier base outside of China to reduce our dependence upon Chinese-based suppliers in general, there is no assurance we will be able to broaden our supplier base outside of China or that increases in in our cost of goods will continue to be offset by exchange rate fluctuations.

In addition, to reduce the impact of inflation, we have worked with our suppliers to enter into letters of credit pursuant to which we can make purchases and incur interest and fees at a lower rate than had we made the purchases using our existing bank loan.

Regulatory Issues

We are subject to extensive laws and regulations at many steps in the design, importing, production, marketing and distribution of our products. In addition to the laws and regulations applicable to any business, there are certain requirements applicable only to powersports vehicles, Pontoon Boats, recreational products and outdoor accessories such as those we distribute. These regulations include standards related to safety, construction rules, sound and gaseous emissions, and the sale and marketing of products, and have generally become stricter in recent years.

We endeavor to take appropriate measures to provide a safe, clean working environment for our employees. We strive to ensure and work with our manufacturing partners to ensure that the products we offer comply with current regulations and with more stringent regulations anticipated to become effective in the foreseeable future. Such measures include the development of new engines and vehicle designs, independently and with our supplier partners, as well as the development of new energy-efficiency related technologies. The failure to comply with applicable laws, rules and regulations regarding employees and product safety, health, environmental and noise pollution could cause us to incur fines or penalties and our compliance programs require significant time and expense.

Distributor & Dealer Regulation

Our contractual relationships with distributors and dealerships throughout the country are subject to extensive regulation at the local, state and national level. Each state’s Department of Motor Vehicles sets rules concerning pricing, competition, warranty claims and other aspects of the vehicular dealership business. These laws are further supported by state-wide “lemon laws.” Lemon laws provide remedies for consumers who seek to be compensated for defective vehicles that fall short of accepted standards of quality and performance. The distribution of our vehicles is also regulated by state-wide licensing regimes, federal agency regulation and federal common law pertaining to the Uniform Commercial Code. We have taken efforts to comply with these regulations governing our relationships with our distributors and dealers by vetting our distributors and dealers to ensure their compliance with regulations statewide. The licenses and required compliance to do business in each state can become expensive, and we may allow our licenses to lapse if we ascertain that the costs outweigh the benefits. For example, in 2016, we allowed our Illinois license to expire and then in 2019, we reapplied for our Illinois license once we were confident that we would continue to generate revenue in the state to mitigate the costs.

Safety Regulation

Our products are subject to extensive laws, rules and regulations relating to product safety promulgated by the federal and state governments or regulatory authorities of the United States and the federal and provincial provinces in Canada. These requirements pertain to the design, production, distribution and use of our products. We are a member of several industry and trade associations in Canada, the United States, and other countries whose mandate is to promote safety in the manufacture and use of powersports products. Some of those trade associations promulgate voluntary industry product safety standards with which we and our suppliers comply. While we strive to meet the safety standards set by state and federal authorities, we have been subject to several inquiries by the U.S. Consumer Product Protection Commission regarding defective products. We have also been subject to penalties including a Stop Sale order on one of our electric balance bikes.

Use Regulation

In Canada, the United States and other countries, laws, rules and regulations have been promulgated or are under consideration relating to the use of powersports vehicles and boats. Some countries, provinces, states, municipalities and local regulatory bodies have adopted, or are considering the adoption of, legislation and local ordinances that restrict the use of snowmobiles, ATVs, UTV, Pontoon Boats and outboard engines to specified hours and locations. The use of many of these products has been restricted in some national parks and federal lands in Canada, the United States and other countries. In some instances, this restriction has consisted of a ban on the recreational use of these vehicles in specific locations.

Emissions Regulation

Our products are subject to sound and gaseous emissions laws, rules and regulations promulgated by the governments and regulatory authorities of Canada (Environment and Climate Change Canada), the United States (Environmental Protection Agency), individual American states (such as the California Air Resources Board) and other jurisdictions. Such laws, rules and regulations may require the development of new engines and vehicle designs, as well as the development of new energy-efficient technologies. The failure to comply with the laws, rules and regulations regarding product safety, health, environmental and noise pollution and other issues could result in fines or penalties and our efforts to comply with such regulations require significant time and expense.

Any investment in our securities involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks described below, which we believe represent certain of the material risks to our business, together with the information contained elsewhere in this Amended 2024 Annual Report, before you decide to invest in our shares of common stock. Please note that the risks highlighted here are not the only ones that we may face. For example, additional risks presently unknown to us or that we currently consider immaterial or unlikely to occur could also impair our operations. If any of the following events occur or any additional risks presently unknown to us actually occur, our business, financial condition and operating results may be materially adversely affected. In that event, the trading price of our securities could decline and you could lose all or part of your investment.

Summary of Significant Risks Affecting Our Company

Our significant risks may be summarized as follows:

• We have a limited operating history on which to judge our performance and assess our prospects for future success.
• We rely on independent dealers and distributors to manage the retail distribution of many of our products.
• We rely on third parties to manufacture many of the products we sell.
• The majority of the products we purchase are manufactured by in China and their operations are subject to risks associated with business operations in China. Any disruption of these manufacturers to supply us with appropriately priced products on a timely basis could have a material adverse effect on our business.
• Our management team has limited experience operating a company with publicly traded shares.
• Economic conditions that impact consumer spending may have a material adverse effect on our business, and our partners’ business.
• We currently maintain all our cash and cash equivalents with three financial institutions.
• We face intense competition in all product lines, including from some competitors that have greater financial and marketing resources.
• Any decline in the social acceptability of our products or any increased restrictions on the access or the use of the Company’s products in certain locations could materially and adversely affect our business, operation results, or financial condition.
• Our future expansion plans are subject to uncertainties and risks, and distribution centers we intend to open may not result in increased sales or efficiencies.
• Our limited investment in R&D of new products may adversely affect our ability to enhance existing products and develop and market new products.
• The inability of our dealers and distributors to secure adequate access to capital could materially and adversely affect our business.
• We depend upon the successful management of inventory levels, both ours and that of our dealers
• There is no assurance there will not be disruptions to trade between China and the United States.
• We may not be able to successfully maintain our business strategy that relies upon offshore manufacturers.
• Supply chain problems, termination or interruption of supply arrangements or increases in the cost of products could have a material adverse effect on our business.
• The high cost of delivering our Pontoon Boats may limit the geographic market for these products.
• Higher fuel costs can materially and adversely affect our business.
• Changes in the credit markets could decrease the ability of consumers to purchase our products and have a material adverse effect on our business.
• We may require additional capital which may not be available.
• Our business depends on the continued contributions made by Mr. Shan, our founder, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer.
• Our business depends on the efforts of our management, and our business may be severely disrupted if we lose their services.
• If we fail to develop and protect our brand names and reputation, we may not attract and retain new distributors and dealers, or customers.
• We may be unable to protect our intellectual property or may incur substantial costs as a result of litigation or other proceedings relating to our intellectual property.
• Significant product repair and/or replacement due to product warranty claims or product recalls could have a material adverse impact on our business.

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• The failure of our IT systems or a security breach involving consumer or employee personal data could have a materially adverse effect on our business.
• Retail sales of our new products may be materially and adversely affected by declining prices for used versions of our products or by competitors supplying new products in excess of market demand.
• We are subject to laws, rules and regulations regarding product safety, health, environmental and noise pollution, and other issues.
• If product liability lawsuits are filed against us, we may be exposed to significant financial liabilities.
• Our insurance may not be sufficient.
• We have been in the past, and may be, in the future subject to litigations arising from defective products that resulted in property damage, physical injury, and death.
• Our business requires us to pay licensing fees for each state that we operate in. We may not be able to justify the cost of compliance in a particular state or locality thus necessitating that we allow our license to expire.
• We have not made use of confidentiality agreements in the past and, although we intend to rely on such agreements in future dealings with suppliers, employees, consultants, and other parties, the prior lack or the breach of such agreements could adversely affect our business and results of operations.
• Our business could be materially harmed by epidemics, pandemics, or other public health emergencies, boycotts, and geo-political events.
• Our ability, or lack thereof, to attract, recruit, and maintain talented sales representatives may adversely affect our business and our plans to expand our market.
• Our ability, or lack thereof, to establish strategic partnerships and expand our distribution channels may adversely affect our business and our plans.
• U.S. government policies that provide incentives to farmers may be discontinued.
• There is no existing market for our securities, and we do not know if one will develop.
• The market price of our common stock is likely to be highly volatile, and you could lose all or part of your investment.
• We have no current plans to pay cash dividends on our common stock for the foreseeable future.
• Our founder and principal shareholder have substantial influence over our Company.
• We will incur significant increased costs as a result of operating as a public company and will be required to devote substantial time to compliance initiatives.
• Changes to estimates related to our property, fixtures and equipment or operating results that are lower than our current estimates may cause us to incur impairment charges on certain long-lived assets, which may adversely affect our results of operations.
• As an “emerging growth company” under applicable law, we are subject to lessened disclosure requirements, which could leave our stockholders with less information or fewer rights available to stockholders of more mature companies.
• If securities or industry analysts do not publish or cease publishing research or reports about us, our business, or our market, or if they change their recommendations regarding our common stock adversely, the price of our common stock and trading volume could decline.
• Anti-takeover provisions in our Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws and Nevada law could discourage, delay, or prevent a change in control of our company and may affect the trading price of our common stock.
• Failure to establish and maintain effective internal controls in accordance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act could have a material adverse effect on our business and stock price.
• Our Bylaws provide that the Second Judicial District Court of Washoe County of the State of Nevada is the sole and exclusive forum for certain stockholder litigation matters.

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Risks Relating to Our Business, Strategy, and Industry

We have a limited operating history on which to judge our performance and assess our prospects for future success.

In 2017, we entered the market and began distributing recreational vehicles, including UTVs and ATVs. In 2020, we began to distribute pontoon and tritoon boats and, more recently, we began to distribute accessories. Consequently, we have a limited operating history on which to evaluate our prospects and those of our products. We may fail to continue our growth. You should not consider our historical growth and expansion of our business as indicative of our ability to grow in the future.

Economic conditions that impact consumer spending may have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.

Our products compete with a variety of other recreational products and activities for consumers’ discretionary income and leisure time. Our results of operations are therefore sensitive to changes in overall economic conditions, primarily in North America, that impact consumer spending and particularly discretionary spending. Weakening of, and fluctuations in, economic conditions affecting disposable consumer income such as personal income levels, the availability of consumer credit, employment levels, consumer confidence, business conditions, changes in housing market conditions, capital markets, tax rates, savings rates, interest rates, fuel and energy costs, as well as the impacts of natural disasters, extreme weather conditions, acts of terrorism or other similar events could reduce consumer spending generally or discretionary spending in particular. Such reductions could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition.

Demand for our products is significantly influenced by weak economic conditions and increased market volatility worldwide. Any deterioration in general economic conditions that diminishes consumer confidence or discretionary income may reduce our sales and materially adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition.

We currently maintain all our cash and cash equivalents with three financial institutions, and, therefore, our cash and cash equivalents could be adversely affected if the financial institutions in which we hold our cash and cash equivalents fails.

We currently maintain all our cash and cash equivalents with three financial institutions. At the current time, our cash balance with such financial institutions is in excess of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insurance (“FDIC Insurance”) limit and, therefore, we may not be able to recover a substantial portion of these cash and cash equivalents, in the event of the failure of any such financial institutions. We are working with our current financial institutions to increase the amount of funds held there that are insured by FDIC Insurance. Notwithstanding these efforts, the failure of one or more of the financial institutions in which our cash and cash equivalents are held, the resulting inability for us to obtain the return of our funds from any of those financial institutions, or any other adverse condition suffered by any of those financial institutions, could impact access to our invested cash or cash equivalents and could adversely impact our operating liquidity and financial performance.

We face intense competition in all product lines, including from some competitors that have greater financial and marketing resources. Failure to compete effectively against competitors could materially adversely impact our business, results of operations or financial condition.

The Powersports Vehicles and Boats Industry is highly competitive. Competition in such markets is based upon several factors, including price, quality, reliability, styling, product features and warranties. At the dealer level, competition is based on several factors including sales and marketing support programs (such as financing joint advertising programs and cooperative advertising). Certain of our competitors are more diversified and have financial and marketing resources which are substantially greater than ours, which allow these competitors to invest more heavily in intellectual property, product development, and sales and marketing support. If we are not able to compete with new products, product features or models comparable to or superior to those of our competitors, or attract new dealers, our business, results of operations or financial condition could be materially adversely affected.

We are subject to competitive pricing. Such pricing pressure may limit our ability to maintain prices or to increase prices for our products in response to raw material, component and other cost increases and so negatively affect our profit margins.

Any decline in the social acceptability of our products or any increased restrictions on the access or the use of the Company’s products in certain locations could materially adversely affect our business, results operations, or financial condition.

Demand for our products depends in part on their social acceptability. Public concerns about the environmental impact of our products or their perceived safety could result in diminished social acceptance. Circumstances outside the Company’s control, such as social actions to reduce the use of fossil fuels, could also negatively impact consumers’ perceptions of our products. Any decline in the social acceptability of our products could negatively impact their sales or lead to changes in laws, rules and regulations that prevent their access to certain locations, including trails and lakes, or restrict their use or manner of use in certain areas or during certain times. Additionally, while we have implemented various initiatives to address these risks, including the improvement of the environmental footprint and safety of our products, there can be no assurance that the perceptions of customers will not change. Consumers’ attitudes towards our products and the activities in which they are used also affect demand. Any failure to maintain the social acceptability of our products could impact our ability to retain existing customers and attract new ones which, in turn, could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.

Our future expansion plans are subject to uncertainties and risks, and distribution centers we intend to open may not result in sufficient increased sales of our products or the anticipated efficiencies.

We intend to seek to expand our operations by opening additional distribution centers in the United States and distributing new products. Our management will devote substantial time and resources to equipping and opening our new distribution centers which may distract them from our current business. We must also devote substantial time and resources any time we introduce a new product. There is no assurance that any new product we introduce will be successful and that we will recoup the amounts expended to introduce such product to our customers and distributors. If our new distribution centers are not operated efficiently or new products we introduce do not gain consumer acceptance, our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects may be materially and adversely affected.

As of the date of this report we have opened five new distribution centers in California, Georgia, New Jersey, Texas, and Illinois through our partnership with Armlogi. Opening these facilities should reduce the costs of delivering our products, particularly our UTVs and ATVs, to dealers, distributors, and customers, and should increase our ability to sharply respond to the needs of our customers for spare parts and equipment. However, there is no assurance that opening these facilities will increase our sales and will not have an adverse impact on our business, financial condition, or results of operations.

Our limited investment in R&D of new products may adversely affect our ability to enhance existing products and develop and market new products that respond to customer needs and preferences and achieve market acceptance.

We continually review consumer demand for our products and canvass our suppliers and distributors regarding products we might distribute. We, however, devote limited amounts to researching consumer demand and developing new product lines. Thus, we may not be able to compete effectively with those of our competitors that continually seek to develop new products and innovations to enhance consumer appeal. Product development requires significant financial, technological, and other resources and without significant investment in product development, there can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully compete in the marketplace. The new products of our competitors may beat our products to market, be more effective with more features and be less expensive than our products, thus obtaining better market acceptance or rendering our products obsolete.

Any new products that our suppliers develop may not receive market acceptance or otherwise generate any meaningful sales or profits for us. Our suppliers may choose not to maintain or increase the level of their investments in manufacturing capacity and product R&D or to fund advertising, marketing, promotional programs necessary to enhance the customer appeal of their products or their manufacturing efficiencies. The sales of new products generally decline over the products’ life cycle, with sales being higher early in the life cycle of the new products and decreasing over time as the new products age. We cannot predict the length of the life cycle for any new products we choose to distribute. Any failure by us and our suppliers to enhance existing products and develop and market new products that respond to customer needs and preferences and achieve market acceptance could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.

Even if we can successfully introduce enhanced existing products and new products in collaboration with suppliers, there is no guarantee that the markets for these products will progress as anticipated. If any of the markets in which our products compete do not develop as expected, our business, results of operations or financial condition could be materially adversely affected.

We rely on independent dealers and distributors to manage the retail distribution of many of our products.

We depend on the capability of independent dealers and distributors to develop and implement effective retail sales plans to create demand among retail purchasers for many of our products. If these independent dealers and distributors are not successful in these endeavors, we will be unable to maintain or increase our sales. Independent dealers and distributors may experience difficulty in funding their day-to-day cash flow needs and paying their obligations resulting from adverse business conditions, including weakened consumer spending or tightened credit. Inability to fund operations can force dealers and distributors to cease business, and we may not be able to obtain alternate distribution in the vacated market, which could negatively impact our sales through reduced market presence or inadequate market coverage. If a dealer or distributor defaults under any floorplan financing arrangements, we may be required to repurchase such dealer’s or distributor’s inventory. See “The inability of dealers and distributors to secure adequate access to capital could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition.” In some cases, we may seek to terminate relationships with certain dealers or distributors, leading to a reduction in the number of dealers or distributors which carry our products. Being forced to liquidate a former dealer’s or distributor’s inventory of our products could add downward pressure on such products’ prices. Further, the unplanned loss of any independent dealers or distributors may create negative impressions of us or our products with retail customers and have a material adverse impact on our ability to collect wholesale receivables that are associated with that dealer or distributor. Also, if our dealer and distributor base were to consolidate, competition for the business of fewer dealers and distributors would intensify. If we do not provide product offerings at prices that meet the needs of dealers and distributors, or if we lose a substantial amount of our dealer and distributor base, our business, results of operations or financial condition could be materially adversely affected. Additionally, if we are unable to optimize or expand our dealer network in North America, part of our growth strategy will be negatively impacted, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.

We sell a majority of our products through distribution and dealer agreements. In general, distributors that are party to such agreements are contractually obligated to offer our products on an exclusive basis. In contrast, the dealers through which we sell our products also carry competing products. Occasionally, we may rely on dealers to service and repair our products. There can be no assurance that dealers will provide high quality repair services to our customers. If dealers fail to provide quality service to our customers, our brand identity and reputation may be damaged, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.

The inability of our dealers and distributors to secure adequate access to capital could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition.

Our dealers and distributors require adequate liquidity to finance their operations and to purchase our products. Dealers and distributors are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties that could unfavorably affect their liquidity, including, among other things, continued access to adequate financing on a timely basis and on reasonable terms. We currently have agreements in place with two financing companies to provide inventory financing to dealers and distributors to facilitate their purchase of our products. These sources of financing are instrumental in our ability to sell products through our distribution network, as a significant percentage of our sales are done under such arrangements. Our business, results of operations or financial condition could be materially adversely affected if a decline in financing availability to its dealers and distributors occurs, or if financing terms change unfavorably. This could require us to find alternative sources of financing, including providing this financing directly to dealers and distributors, which could require additional capital to fund the associated receivables.

We depend on dealers, suppliers, financing sources and other strategic partners who may be sensitive to economic conditions that could affect their businesses, results of operations or financial condition in a manner that materially adversely affects their relationship with us.

We distribute products through numerous dealers and distributors. Therefore, we rely on third-party providers for the warehousing and distribution of our products and for IT services. Also, we have relationships with a limited number of sources of product financing for dealers and consumers. Therefore, our business, results of operations or financial condition could be materially adversely affected if a deterioration of economic or business conditions results in a weakening of the financial condition of a material number of our dealers and distributors, suppliers, or financing sources or if uncertainty about the economy or the demand for our products causes these business partners to voluntarily or involuntarily reduce or terminate their relationship with us.

We depend upon the successful management of inventory levels, both ours and that of our dealers, and any failure to successfully manage inventory levels could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.

We must maintain sufficient inventory levels to operate our business successfully. However, we must also guard against accumulating excess inventory as we seek to minimize out-of-stock levels across all product categories and to maintain appropriate in-stock levels. The nature of certain of our product lines, including our ATV, UTV and Pontoon Boat product lines, requires us to purchase or manufacture products well in advance of the time they will be offered for sale. As a result, we may experience difficulty in responding to a changing retail environment, which may lead to excess inventory or to inventory shortages if supply does not meet demand. In addition, sales for many product lines are managed through long-term purchase commitments. We plan our inventory levels on an annual basis including planning for the introduction of new products based on anticipated demand, as determined by our market assessment based in part on communications with our dealers and other customers. If we do not accurately anticipate future demand for a particular product or the time it will take to obtain new inventory, our inventory levels will not be appropriate and our results of operations may be negatively impacted, either through lost sales or through lower gross profit margins due to greater than anticipated discounts and markdowns that might be necessary to reduce inventory levels. Any failure by us to maintain appropriate inventory levels could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.

Additionally, we must work with our dealers and distributors to ensure that they maintain appropriate inventory levels. If our dealers and distributors maintain insufficient inventory, it could result in lost sales. If they place additional orders for our products as sales materialize, we and our suppliers might be unable to respond rapidly to these demands resulting in lost sales. Conversely, if our dealers and distributors have excess inventory levels, it could result in lower gross profit margins due to demands on us to offer greater than anticipated discounts and markdowns. Thus, any failure by our dealers to maintain appropriate inventory levels could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition.

We rely on third parties to manufacture many of the products we sell.

We depend on third party suppliers to manufacture many of the products we sell, in particular, ATVs and UTVs, as opposed to our Pontoon Boats which we manufacture in our Dallas facility. Approximately, 67% of our purchases in the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 and 74% of our purchases in the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 were made from two suppliers, and, as of both December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2024, our largest supplier accounted for 41% and 33% of the Company’s total accounts payable respectively. Competition for the output of these suppliers is intense. If these independent suppliers were unwilling or unable to supply us with products at prices which enable us to maintain our gross margins, it would materially adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition. Although we are looking to broaden our supplier base and to reduce our dependence upon a limited number of suppliers, there is no assurance we will be able to do so and increasing the number of suppliers from which we purchase products may increase our costs.

We rely on freights to ship the products that we purchase from our suppliers based in China to our facility in Dallas, Texas and as such, we may face risks related to overseas freights cost fluctuation.

We have supply agreements with approximately 15 suppliers, 2 of which are based in the U.S., 1 of which are based in Taiwan, and 12 of which are based in China. Approximately 79% of the products we purchased in the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, based on cost, were purchased from three suppliers in China of which 54% was purchased from a single supplier located in Shanghai, China. Due to the supply chain crisis in the years 2021 and 2022, the cost of our oversea freights increased significantly to double or even triple what it had been in the years 2020 and 2019. To offset these price increases, we increased the selling prices for the majority of our products. Since 2023, the cost of overseas freights has decreased substantially, though it still exceeds the cost prior to the supply chain crises. Although we are looking to broaden our supplier base outside of China to reduce our dependence upon Chinese-based suppliers in general, there is no assurance we will be able to broaden our supplier base outside of China or that we will be able to raise our prices to offset increased freight cost in the future.

The majority of the products we purchase are manufactured by suppliers in China and their operations are subject to risks associated with business operations in China. Any disruption in the ability of these manufacturers to supply us with appropriately priced products on a timely basis could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.

We have supply agreements with approximately 15 suppliers, 2 of which are based in the U.S., 1 of which are based in Taiwan, and 12 of which are based in China. Approximately 79% of the products we purchased in the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, based on cost, were purchased from three suppliers in China of which 54% was purchased from a single supplier located in Shanghai, China. Although we are looking to broaden our supplier base outside of China to reduce our dependence upon Chinese based suppliers in general, there is no assurance we will be able to broaden our supplier base outside of China.

The Chinese government may intervene or influence the operations of any business located in China or the industry in which a business operates at any time, which could result in a material change to the operations of any or all our suppliers based in China. For example, the Chinese government recently published new policies that significantly affected certain industries such as the education and internet industries, and we cannot rule out the possibility that it will release regulations or policies that could adversely affect the business, financial condition, and results of operations of our Chinese suppliers.

China has been subject to political instability and dramatic changes in economic policies. The Chinese economy is in a transition from a planned economy to a market-oriented economy subject to five-year and annual plans adopted by the central government that set national economic development goals. Policies of the Chinese government can have significant effects on the economic conditions of China. The Chinese government has confirmed that economic development will follow the model of a market economy. Under this direction, we believe that China will continue to strengthen its economic and trading relationships with foreign countries and business development in China will follow market forces. While we believe that this trend will continue, we cannot assure you that this will be the case. Changes in policies, regulations, rules, and the enforcement of laws by the Chinese government, may produce quick shifts in policy with little advance notice that could adversely affect our interests by interfering with the operations of our Chinese based suppliers. Although the Chinese government has been pursuing economic reform policies for more than two decades, we cannot assure you that the government will continue to pursue such policies or that such policies may not be significantly altered, especially in the event of a change in leadership, social or political disruption, or other circumstances affecting China’s political, economic, and social environment.

As a majority of our products are manufactured by suppliers in China, and the Company only registers its patents in the U.S., our products may be subject to scrutiny during manufacturing in China.

Our patents applied to our products manufactured in China are only registered in the U.S., and we are not sure whether there are any similar technologies that are registered patents in China by other companies. Based on the relevant PRC laws, it is legal to build and assemble certain products within the territory of China without due registration of the intellectual property rights, as long as the products will not be disseminated in Chinese market. However, our products are manufactured by our suppliers in China, and we may not be able to efficiently regulate them not to apply our technologies on other products they manufactured. Therefore, there is a risk that our suppliers may be found in infringement of other companies’ intellectual property rights and therefore, their business operations may be halted, which in turn affect our normal supplying system.

We have suppliers based in Taiwan and the imports that we receive from Taiwan may be subject to certain risks of economic and policy changes in China that could adversely affect our business operations.

We also import our products from Taiwan. The sovereignty of Taiwan is a longstanding point of contention between China and the United States. The United States maintains unofficial relations with Taiwan, while also recognizing the “One China” policy of China, which acknowledges Beijing as the legitimate government of China. Both China and the United States have engaged in military posturing around the Taiwan Strait. This increases the risk of accidental clashes or misunderstandings that could escalate into conflict, which will affect both our China-mainland-based and Taiwan-based suppliers.

Our major supplier is a state-owned entity in China .

During 2023 and 2024, we purchased a majority of our products from Linhai Powersports, which is a state-owned entity (“SOE”) in China. A SOE is a legal entity that is established by the Chinese government to participate in commercial activities on the government’s behalf. As a SOE, Linhai Powersports is subject to the authority, direction, and mandates of the Chinese government, which may be influenced to a significant degree by the political, economic, and social conditions in China. The Chinese government continues to play a significant role in regulating industries within China by imposing industrial policies, providing subsidies, and heavily regulating or prohibiting unwanted activities. There is no assurance the Chinese government will not interfere with the operations of Linhai Powersports or any of our other suppliers. In addition, the Chinese government has implemented certain measures, including interest rate adjustments, to control the pace of economic growth in China. These measures, or other economic, political, or social developments in China may affect our China-based suppliers, which may adversely affect our business and operating results.

There is no assurance there will not be disruptions to trade between China and the United States

The U.S.-China trade relationship has become increasingly strained, leading to substantial tariff increases and other trade-related actions that further impact our business. In 2019, the U.S. imposed a 15% tariff on Chinese imports, later reduced to 7.5% in 2020. However, the temporary exclusion for certain products expired in September 2020, and tariffs have since risen. Most recently, in February 2025, the U.S. introduced a 10% tariff on all imported goods from China, which doubled to 20% in March 2025. While we continue exploring ways to mitigate this impact, including potential pricing adjustments, it remains uncertain whether we can pass these costs on to customers or if higher prices will negatively affect sales. Beyond tariffs, both governments have implemented additional measures that have disrupted trade, increased costs, and created uncertainty in supply chains. These actions may limit the availability of certain products from China, further restricting our ability to acquire necessary components at competitive prices.

There is no assurance that the U.S. or Chinese governments will not impose additional tariffs or other restrictive measures in the future. Further trade barriers could disrupt our supply chain, increase costs, and limit our ability to source components at competitive prices. If we are unable to offset these rising costs through operational efficiencies or pricing strategies, our margins and overall financial performance may be adversely affected. Ongoing trade tensions and regulatory changes continue to create uncertainty, posing a risk to our business operations and profitability.

We may not be able to successfully maintain our strategy of relying upon offshore manufacturers.

We continually aim to lower operational costs, increase operational efficiencies and lower costs of acquiring inventory. We believe that reliance upon flexible offshore low-cost product manufacturers mainly based in China is a key element to enable improvements in our ability to respond to customers in a cost-effective manner. Our success in implementing this strategic plan is dependent on the involvement of management, production employees, suppliers, and the stability of China economically and politically. Any inability to achieve this priority could materially adversely impact our business, results of operations or financial condition by disrupting our ability to deliver appropriately priced products to customers at the right time. Any disruption to anticipated levels of productivity and operational efficiencies in the operations of the manufacturers from which we purchase products could have a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations or financial condition.

Supply problems, termination or interruption of supply arrangements or increases in the cost of products could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.

Because we rely upon overseas manufacturers for many of our products, we are particularly susceptible to disruptions in our supply chain. We cannot be certain that we will not experience supply problems, such as the untimely delivery of, or defects or variations in, completed products or parts or components of our products. We obtain a portion of our products from either a sole supplier or a limited number of suppliers, mostly based in China. If these supply arrangements were terminated or interrupted for any reason, we could have difficulty establishing substitute supply arrangements on a timely basis or on satisfactory terms. For example, due to the city lockdown in China where most of our suppliers are, our stock supply was disrupted from May to July 2022. Our ability to re-supply our inventory resumed in August 2022, but we estimate that we lost about $1.5 million of sales as a result of this supply disruption. Problems with our supplies or supply arrangements could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition. This situation could be further aggravated if we are overly dependent on a few key suppliers. Moreover, our profitability could be affected by significant fluctuations in the prices of the raw materials, parts, and components that our suppliers purchase to manufacture products. While our business has been impacted by rising inflation, our management does not believe that it has had a material negative impact on our business and results of operations. In recent years, our China-based suppliers have increased the cost of their products as a result of inflation. However, these increases have thus far been offset by the exchange rate fluctuation of the Chinese RMB, which has resulted in there being no material change to our costs. We may not be able to pass along price increases in raw materials, parts, or components to customers. As a result, an increase in the cost of the raw materials, parts, and components our suppliers use in the manufacture of our products could reduce our profitability and have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.

The high cost of delivering our Pontoon Boats may limit the geographic market for these products.

The cost of delivering a Pontoon Boat is substantial relative to its purchase price. Consequently, many purchasers of our Pontoon Boats arrange to pick up their boats at our facility in Dallas and it may be difficult to sell to reach customers located at substantial distances from our facilities. This may limit our ability to increase sales of our Pontoon Boats without opening new manufacturing facilities.

Higher fuel costs can materially adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition.

Higher fuel costs increase the transportation cost both of acquiring our inventory and shipping products to customers. Increases in energy costs can also adversely affect the pricing and availability of petroleum based raw materials. There is no guarantee that we will be able to pass such higher costs to customers, and so an increase in such costs could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition. Also, higher fuel costs, whether petroleum based or electric, increase the cost of owning and operating many of our products, which can reduce demand for them and so materially adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition.

We may require additional capital which may not be available.

We will require significant expenditures to fund future growth. We intend to fund our growth out of the proceeds of our IPO and internal sources of liquidity or through additional financing from external sources. Our ability to obtain external financing in the future at a reasonable cost is subject to a variety of uncertainties, including our future financial condition, results of operations and cash flows and the condition of the global and domestic financial markets.

If we require additional funds and cannot obtain them on acceptable terms when required or at all, we may be unable to fulfill our working capital needs, upgrade our existing facilities or expand our business and may have to reduce the level of our operations. These factors may also prevent us from entering into transactions that would otherwise benefit our business or implementing our future strategies. Any debt financing that we undertake may be expensive and might impose covenants that restrict our operations and strategic initiatives, including limitations on our ability to incur liens or additional debt, pay dividends, repurchase our capital stock, make investments and engage in mergers, consolidations, and asset sale transactions. Equity financing may be on terms that are dilutive or potentially dilutive to our shareholders, and the prices at which new investors would be willing to purchase our equity securities may be lower than the trading prices of such equities. If new sources of financing are required, but are unattractive, insufficient, or unavailable, then we could be required to modify our business plans or growth strategy which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.

Our business depends on the continued contributions made by Mr. David Shan, our founder, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer. The loss of his services may result in a severe impediment to our business.

Our success is dependent upon the continued contributions made by our founder, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. David Shan. If Mr. Shan cannot serve the Company or is no longer willing to do so, the Company may not be able to find alternatives in a timely manner or at all. This would likely result in severe damage to our business operations and would have an adverse material impact on our financial position and operational results.

Our business depends on the efforts of our management, and our business may be severely disrupted if we lose their services.

In addition to Mr. Shan, we currently depend on the continued services and performance of key members of our management team. Many of our senior executives have extensive experience in our industries and with our business, products, distributors and dealers, and the markets for our products. The loss of the technical knowledge, management expertise and knowledge of our operations possessed by one or more members of the core management team could result in a diversion of management resources, as the remaining members of management would need to cover the duties of any senior executive who leaves us and would need to spend time usually reserved for managing our business to search for, hire and train new members of management. The loss of some or all our senior executives could negatively affect our ability to develop and pursue our business strategy, which could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition. We do not maintain “Key Employee” insurance on any members of our management team.

In addition, our success depends to a large extent upon our ability to retain skilled employees at rates which enable us to maintain our margins. There is intense competition for qualified and skilled employees, and our failure to recruit, train and retain such employees at appropriate rates of compensation, if at all, could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.

Our management team has no experience operating a company with publicly traded shares.

Mr. David Shan, our founder and principal shareholder, relocated to the United States from China in 1995. Mr. Shan and the members of our senior management team have never operated a company with shares traded in the public markets and consequently, are not familiar with many of the requirements applicable to a public company with shares listed on Nasdaq. Our management and other personnel need to devote a substantial amount of time to ensure compliance with these requirements and we often need to rely upon outside advisors, counsel, and consultants to ensure compliance with applicable laws and regulations and undertaking various actions, such as implementing new internal controls and procedures. Compliance with these rules and regulations have increased our legal, accounting, and financial compliance costs substantially.

If we fail to develop and protect our brand names and reputation, we may not attract and retain new distributors and dealers, or customers, which could adversely affect our revenues and financial performance.

We invest significant resources to promote our brand names to obtain favorable recognition for us and our products among the public and, in particular, prospective distributors and dealers. We may not be able to attract and retain a robust network of distributors and dealers or a significant customer base, which could in turn adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition.

Our ability to adequately protect our trade names, trademarks and patents could have an impact on our brand images, reputation, and ability to penetrate new markets.

We believe that our trade names and trademarks and patents are important assets and an essential element of our strategy. We have applied for the registration of many of our trade names, trademarks, and patents in the United States. Some of these applications have been granted and some of these registrations are currently pending approval from the corresponding departments. There can be no assurance that we will obtain such registrations or that the registrations we obtain will prevent the imitation of our products or infringement of our intellectual property rights by others. Our failure to successfully protect our trademarks could diminish the value and effectiveness of our past and future marketing efforts and could cause customer confusion. This could in turn adversely affect our revenues, profitability, and the market price of our common stock.

We may be unable to protect our intellectual property or may incur substantial costs because of litigation or other proceedings relating to the protection of our intellectual property.

Our success depends in part on our ability to protect our patents, trademarks, copyrights, trade secrets, and other intellectual property from unauthorized use by others. If substantial unauthorized use of our intellectual property rights occurs, we may incur significant costs in enforcing such rights by prosecuting actions for infringement, particularly considering that policing unauthorized use of our intellectual property may be particularly difficult outside North America. Such unauthorized use could also result in diversion of management resources devoting attention to these matters at the expense of other tasks related to our business. Others may also initiate litigation to challenge the validity of our intellectual property, or allege that we are infringing their intellectual property. If our competitors initiate litigation to challenge the validity of our intellectual property, or allege that we infringe theirs, we may incur substantial costs to defend our rights. If the outcome of any such litigation is unfavorable, our business, results of operations or financial condition could be materially adversely affected. We cannot be sure that any patents we have obtained or may obtain, or other protections such as confidentiality and trade secrets, will be adequate to prevent imitation of our products and technology by others. If we are unable to protect our technology through the enforcement of our intellectual property, our ability to compete based on technological advantages may be harmed. If we fail to prevent substantial unauthorized use of our intellectual property, we risk the loss of certain competitive advantages, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.

Some of our competitors have significantly more resources to direct toward developing and patenting new technologies. It is possible that our competitors will develop patent equivalent or superior engine technologies and other products that compete with our products. They may assert these patents against us and we may be required to license these patents on unfavorable terms or cease using the technology covered by these patents, either of which could harm our competitive position and may materially adversely affect our business, results of operation or financial condition.

Significant product repair and/or replacement due to product warranty claims or product recalls could have a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations or financial condition.

We provide a limited warranty against defects for all our products for a period generally varying from 30 days to one year. We also provide a limited emissions warranty for certain emissions-related parts in its products as required by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Although we employ quality control procedures, sometimes a product is distributed that needs repair or replacement, or that needs to be recalled. Our standard warranties require dealers to repair or replace defective products during such warranty periods at no cost to the consumer. We record provisions in our financial statements based on an estimate of product warranty claims, but there is the possibility that actual claims may exceed these provisions and therefore negatively impact earnings. We could make major product recalls or could be held liable should our products not meet safety standards or statutory requirements on product safety or consumer protection.

In addition, the risks of a product recall may be aggravated if production volumes increase significantly, supplied products do not meet our standards, or we fail to perform our risk analysis systematically or product-related decisions are not fully documented. Historically, product recalls have been administered through our dealers and distributors. The repair and replacement costs that we could incur in connection with a recall could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition. Product recalls could also harm our reputation and cause us to lose customers, particularly if recalls cause consumers to question the safety or reliability of our Company’s products, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.

The failure of our IT systems or a security breach involving consumer or employee personal data could have a materially adverse effect on our reputation and business, results of operations or financial condition.

Our business operations utilize a variety of cloud-based IT systems. We are dependent on these systems for all commercial transactions, dealership and distributorship interactions, and supply chain and inventory management. Although (i) have established a firewall for our network, (ii) conduct regular system updates and employee trainings, (iii) regularly backup our data and (iv) have established appropriate contingency plans to mitigate the risks associated with a failure of our IT systems or a security breach, if one of our key IT systems were to suffer a failure or security breach this could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition. Further, we rely on third parties for certain IT services. If an IT service provider were to fail or the relationship with us were to end, we might be unable to find a suitable replacement in a timely manner, and our business, results of operations or financial condition could be materially adversely affected. We continually modify and enhance our IT systems and technologies to increase productivity and efficiency. As new systems and technologies are implemented, we could experience unanticipated difficulties resulting in unexpected costs and adverse impacts to our manufacturing and other business processes. When implemented, the systems and technologies may not provide the benefits anticipated and could add costs and complications to ongoing operations, which may have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.

We and our dealers and distributors receive and store personal information in connection with human resources operations, credit operations, warranty management, marketing efforts and other aspects of our businesses. Additionally, we exchange information with numerous trading partners across all aspects of our operations. Any security breach of our IT systems or those of our dealers, distributors and trading partners could result in disruptions to our operations or erroneous transactions. To the extent that such a breach results in a loss or damage to our data, or an inappropriate disclosure of confidential or personal information, it could cause significant damage to our reputation, affect our relationships with our customers, lead to claims against us and ultimately materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition.

As of the date of this Report, we have not experienced a material cyber security incident.

Retail sales of our new products may be materially adversely affected by declining prices for used versions of our products or the supply of new products by competitors in excess of demand.

We have observed that when prices for used versions of our products have declined, it has had the effect of reducing demand among retail purchasers for new versions of our products (at or near manufacturer’s suggested retail prices). Also, while we take steps designed to balance production volumes for our products with demand, our competitors could choose to supply new products to the market in excess of demand at reduced prices which could also reduce demand for new versions of our products. Reduced demand for new versions of our products could lead to reduced sales, which could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition.

Our results of operations fluctuate from quarter to quarter and from year to year as they are affected, among other things, by the seasonal nature of some of our product lines.

Our results of operations experience substantial fluctuations from quarter to quarter and year to year. A portion of our sales revenue generated from Massimo Marine has seasonable sales pattern. For the fiscal years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, our revenue generated from the Massimo Marine made up approximately 3.4% and 10.2% of our total revenue, respectively. In general, retail sales of our products are highest in their particular season of use and in the immediately preceding period. For example, retail sales for ATVs and Pontoon Boats will be highest in winter and spring. Revenues in the first half of the fiscal year have generally been lower than those in the second half. However, the mix of product sales may vary considerably from time to time as a result of changes in seasonal and geographic demand, the introduction of new products and models and production scheduling for particular types of products. Any negative economic conditions that occur during the months of traditionally higher sales of a given product could have a disproportionate effect on our results of operations for the entire fiscal year. In addition, our dealers and distributors may modify orders, change delivery schedules, or change the mix of products ordered. We may also make strategic decisions to deliver and invoice products at certain dates to lower costs or improve supply chain efficiencies or may be forced to do so because of supply chain issues or disruption. As a result, our results of operations are likely to fluctuate significantly from period to period such that any historical results should not be considered indicative of the results to be expected for any future period. In addition, we incur significant additional expenses in the periods leading up to the introduction of new products which may also result in fluctuations in our results of operations. Our annual and quarterly gross profit margins are also sensitive to a number of factors, many of which are beyond our control, including shifts in product sales mix, geographic sales trends, and currency exchange rate fluctuations, all of which we expect will continue. This seasonality in revenues, expenses and margins, along with other factors that are beyond our control, including general economic conditions, changes in consumer preferences, weather conditions, tariffs, free-trade arrangements, geopolitical uncertainty, the cost or availability of raw materials or labor, discretionary spending habits and currency exchange rate fluctuations, could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition.

We are subject to laws, rules and regulations regarding product safety, health, environmental and noise pollution and other issues that could cause us to incur fines or penalties or increase our operating costs.

We are subject to federal, provincial, state local, and municipal laws, rules and regulations in Canada and the United States regarding product safety, health, environmental and noise pollution and other issues that could cause us to incur fines or penalties or increase our operating costs, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition. A failure to comply with, or compliance with, any such requirements or any new requirements could result in increased expenses to modify our products, or harm to our reputation, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition. Certain jurisdictions require or are considering requiring a license to operate certain of our products. While such licensing requirements are not expected to be unduly restrictive, they may deter potential customers, thereby reducing sales. Our products are also subject to laws, rules and regulations imposing environmental, noise emission, zoning and permitting restrictions, which laws, rules and regulations are subject to change and may limit the locations where our products may be sold or used or restrict their use during certain times or on certain conditions. Additional costs and investments might be required in the future if new regulations or restrictions are put in place.

Climate change is receiving increasing attention worldwide. A consensus among scientists, legislators and others regarding the impact of increased levels of greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide, on climate change has led to significant legislative and regulatory efforts to limit greenhouse gas emissions. Greenhouse gas regulations could require us to purchase allowances to offset our emissions or result in an overall increase in costs of raw materials or operating expenses, any of which could reduce competitiveness in a global economy or otherwise have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition. Many of our suppliers face similar circumstances. Moreover, we and our suppliers may face greater regulatory or customer pressure to offer products that generate less emissions. This may require the expenditure of significant funds on R&D implementation and subject us to the risk that our competitors may respond to these pressures in a manner that gives them a competitive advantage. The development of such products may also present challenges in maintaining the look, sound and feel of our products. While additional regulations of emissions in the future appear likely, it is too early to predict whether such regulation could ultimately have a material adverse effect on the our business, results of operations or financial condition.

If product liability lawsuits are brought against us, we may incur substantial liabilities.

We face a risk of lawsuits alleging product liability claims. We may be sued if any of our products allegedly causes injury or are found to be otherwise unsuitable during product testing, manufacturing, marketing or sale. Any such product liability claims may include allegations of defects in manufacturing, defects in design, a failure to warn of dangers inherent in the product, negligence, strict liability and a breach of warranties. Claims could also be asserted under state consumer protection acts. If we cannot successfully defend ourselves against product liability claims, we may incur substantial liabilities. Even successful defense would require significant financial and management resources. Regardless of the merits or eventual outcome, liability claims may result in:

• decreased demand for products that we offer for sale;
• injury to our reputation;
• costs to defend the related litigation;
• a diversion of management’s time and resources;
• substantial monetary awards to trial participants or customers; and
• product recalls, withdrawals or labeling, marketing or promotional restrictions.

We currently maintain product liability insurance. However, there is no guarantee that that such insurance will remain affordable or be sufficient. If we are unable to retain sufficient product liability insurance coverage, it could prevent or inhibit the commercialization of products we intend to market. Even if we maintain product liability insurance in the future, we may have to pay amounts awarded by a court or negotiated in a settlement that exceed our coverage limitations or that are not covered by our insurance, and we may not have, or be able to obtain, sufficient capital to pay such amounts.

We have two material pending litigation cases as of the date of this report. No assurance can be given that our historical claims record will not change, that material product liability claims will not be made in the future against us, or that claims will not arise in the future in excess of our indemnities and insurance coverage. Our records provision for known potential liabilities, but there is the possibility that actual losses may exceed these provisions and therefore negatively impact earnings. Also, we may not be able in the future to adequately insure our product liability and warranty risk or the cost of doing so may be prohibitive. Adverse determinations of material product liability claims made against us could also harm our reputation and cause us to lose customers and could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.

Our insurance may not be sufficient.

We carry insurance that we consider adequate in regard to the nature of the covered risks and the costs of coverage. We are not fully insured against all possible risks, nor are all such risks insurable. We may be forced to cover the costs of certain realized risks which may have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.

We have been in the past and may be in the future subject to several litigation proceedings relating to defective products that have caused property damage, physical injury and death. These proceedings may negatively affect our reputation, hurt the perception of our products being safe and subject us to damages.

From 2017 to 2024, we have been subject to two material pending litigation proceedings relating to: accidental fires, defective steering mechanisms, faulty batteries and braking systems, bad engines and other issues of product design and/or manufacturing defect. Some of these proceedings were filed pursuant to the plaintiffs experiencing death, injury or property damage. While we have been able to settle the vast majority of these claims, there remains a possibility that these past claims may adversely affect the future ability to sell our products. Distributors, dealers and customers may perceive our products to be unsafe or poorly built and may refuse to carry them in stores or purchase them for personal use. We may be subject to similar litigation proceedings in the future which may result in additional damages and a poor reputation among our distributors, dealers and customers. This could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition. See “An adverse determination in any significant product liability claim could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition.”

We have been in the past and may be in the future subject to regulatory inquiries with respect to the safety of our products and compliance with business regulations. These inquiries may negatively affect our reputation, hurt the perception of our products being safe and subject us to costly penalties.

We are subject to a variety of federal, state and local laws which regulate our business. These laws include consumer safety protection laws, laws regulating the registration and licensing of motor vehicles, state lemon laws, the Uniform Commercial Code, the Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act and other such laws regulating the motorsports vehicle industry.

In the past we have been subject to regulatory inquiries from institutions such as the Missouri Office of the State Attorney General, the California Air Resources Board, the Pennsylvania State Board of Vehicle Manufacturers, Dealers and Salespersons and the U.S. Consumer Product Protection Commission. On at least one occasion, we have received punitive action by the U.S. Consumer Product Protection Commission in the form of a Stop Sale order. The order required us to halt the sale of our Electric Balance Bike due to issues concerning excessive lead content and the lack of a child safety certificate. Stop Sale orders may adversely affect our ability to sell popular products and may cause us to have a poor reputation with the retailers, distributors and dealerships that may carry our products. If such past or future inquiries were to become publicized, it could negatively affect consumers’ perception of our brand and may lead to a significant decrease in sales.

Any failure to adhere to the regulations and laws of federal, state and local institutions may result in costly fines, loss of license to do business in a particular jurisdiction and other severe penalties. These penalties could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition. The burden of compliance with such regulations and laws may come at significant time and expense and despite our best efforts to comply, we may still be subject to regulatory inquiry and sanction.

Our business requires us to pay licensing fees for each state that we operate in. We may not be able to justify the cost of compliance in a particular state or locality thus necessitating that we allow our license to expire. This may have a materially adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.

Each state within the United States maintains its own licensing regime with respect to vehicular sales. The applicable fees and compliance rules may prove too costly for us and senior management may choose to permit our license-to-do-business in certain states to expire. We may make such a decision based on the costs outweighing the benefits, although our judgment may prove incorrect, and we may forfeit the possibility of significant profit by withdrawing from a certain state. Poor decision-making with respect to allowing certain licenses to expire or to maintaining them indefinitely may have a materially adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.

We have not made use of confidentiality agreements in the past and, although we intend to rely on such agreements in future dealings with our suppliers, employees, consultants, and other parties, the prior lack or the breach of such agreements could adversely affect our business and results of operations.

In the past, we have not made use of confidentiality agreements with our employees, customers, consultants and other parties to protect proprietary information or trade secrets. We intend to rely on such confidentiality agreements on a go-forward basis. Current and former employees not covered under confidentiality agreements may divulge our proprietary information or trade secrets. The release of such proprietary information or trade secrets could adversely affect our business and results of operations. Additionally, for individuals covered by future confidentiality agreements, there can be no assurance that these agreements will not be breached, that we would have adequate remedies for any such breach or that our proprietary information or trade secrets will not otherwise become known to or independently developed by competitors. To the extent that consultants, key employees or other third parties apply technological information independently developed by them or by others to our proposed projects, disputes may arise as to the proprietary rights to such information that may not be resolved in our favor. We may be involved from time to time in litigation to determine the enforceability, scope and validity of our proprietary rights. Any such litigation could result in substantial cost and diversion of effort by our management and technical personnel at the expense of other tasks related to our business.

Unionization activities may disrupt our operations and increase our costs.

Although none of our employees are currently covered under collective bargaining agreements, our employees or that of our suppliers, distributors or retailers may elect to be represented by labor unions in the future. If a significant number of our employees or that of our suppliers, distributors or retailers were to become unionized and collective bargaining agreement terms were significantly different from our or our suppliers’, distributors’ or retailers’ current compensation arrangements, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, a labor dispute involving some or all our or that of our suppliers, distributors, retailers or employees may harm our reputation, disrupt our operations and reduce our revenues, and resolution of disputes could increase our costs.

Our business could be materially harmed by epidemics, pandemics, or any other outbreaks and public health emergencies, boycotts, and geo-political events.

Our business could be materially and adversely affected by natural disasters or the outbreak of health epidemics, boycotts and geo-political events, such as civil unrest and acts of terrorism, upheavals in U.S.-China relations, or similar disruptions could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition.. Material adverse effects from diseases could result in numerous known and currently unknown ways including quarantines and lockdowns which impair the abilities of merchants to ship products. Any such disruption may materially impact our business, results of operations or financial condition. These events could result in physical damage to one or more of our properties or the properties of our suppliers and distributors, increases in fuel or other energy prices, temporary or permanent closure of one or more of our facilities or the facilities of our suppliers and distributors, temporary lack of an adequate workforce in a market, temporary or long-term disruption in the supply of raw materials, product parts and components, temporary disruption in transport to and from overseas, especially China, and disruption to our information systems, and, ultimately, have a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations or financial condition.

Furthermore, even after an outbreak has subsided, we may experience impacts to our business as a result of the global economic impact of the outbreak, including any economic downturn or recession or other long-term effects that have occurred or may occur to us, our customers and vendors in the future. The price of our common stock may decline significantly if such an event were to occur, in which case you may lose your investment.

Our ability, or lack thereof, to attract, recruit, and maintain talented sales representatives may adversely affect our business and our plans to expand our market.

We have a team of sales representatives which works with our dealers and distributors and to coordinate sales and distribution of our products through their channels. To execute our expansion into new markets, it is important to attract, employ, and maintain talented sales representatives. Even if we attract new talented sales representatives, there is no guarantee that we can maintain the talented individuals. Our inability to maintain a roster of talented sales representatives may adversely affect our business and planned expansion into new markets.

Our ability, or lack thereof, to establish strategic partnerships and expand our distribution channels regionally and nationally may adversely affect our business and our plans to expand our market.

We rely on our local and regional sales representatives to assist us with establishing strategic partnerships with dealers and distributors located in new geographic areas. A critical component of our expansion plan is our sales representatives’ ability to successfully establish new strategic partnerships in the Northeast, West, Southeast, and Midwest of the United States. Even if we establish new strategic partnerships, there is no guarantee that we can maintain successful relationships with the new dealers and distributors or that our partners will yield additional revenue and profits based on sales.

U.S. policies granting farmers incentives may cease and farmers represent a large percentage of our revenue.

In fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, approximately 60% and 40% of our consumers were farmers, respectively. As a supplier to farmers, we are aware that farmers rely on U.S. governmental programs to fund the purchase of supplies from us and operate their business. For example, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (“USDA”) has a variety of grants and subsidies. The USDA offers farming producers and agricultural businesses funding through its Pandemic Assistance for Producers initiative. The USDA’s program, The Food Safety Certification for Specialty Crops program provides up to $200 million in assistance for specialty crop producers who incur eligible on-farm food safety program expenses to obtain or renew a food safety certification in calendar years 2023 or 2024.

In addition to USDA, various other regulatory entities at the federal and state level offer grants and subsidies, which some of our consumers rely on to purchase our products. Most government incentives contain terms. Once the term of the program expires, there is no guarantee that the program will be extended. If the United States’ policies granting farmers incentives are not available to our farming consumers, then we may lose consumers and this would adversely affect our business.

Risks Relating to Our Securities

An active trading market for our common stock may not develop or be sustained.

Prior to the commencement of trading of our common stock on Apr 1, 2024, no public market for our common stock existed. Although our common stock is listed on Nasdaq, an active trading market for our common stock may not develop, or if developed, be sustained. The lack of an active market may impair your ability to sell your shares at the time you wish to sell them or at a price that you consider reasonable. The lack of an active market may also reduce the fair value of your shares.

Further, an inactive market may also impair our ability to raise capital by selling shares of our common stock may impair our ability to enter into strategic partnerships or acquire companies or products by using our shares of common stock as consideration.

Massimo is a holding company.

Massimo is a holding company and our only significant assets are the membership interest and capital stock of our subsidiaries. As a result, we are subject to the risks attributable to our subsidiaries. As a holding company, we conduct substantially all of our business through its subsidiaries, which generate substantially all of our revenues. Consequently, our cash flows and ability to complete current or desirable future enhancement opportunities are dependent on the earnings of our subsidiaries and the distribution of those earnings to us. The ability of these entities to pay dividends and other distributions will depend on their operating results and will be subject to applicable laws and regulations which require that solvency and capital standards be maintained by such companies and contractual restrictions contained in the instruments governing their debt. In the event of a bankruptcy, liquidation or reorganization of any of our subsidiaries, holders of indebtedness and trade creditors will generally be entitled to payment of their claims from the assets of that subsidiary before any assets are made available for distribution to us.

The market price of our common stock is likely to be highly volatile, and you could lose all or part of your investment.

The trading price of our common stock is likely to be volatile. This volatility may prevent you from being able to sell your shares at or above the price you paid for your shares. Our stock price could be subject to wide fluctuations in response to a variety of factors, which include:

• actual or anticipated fluctuations in our quarterly or annual operating results;
• publication of research reports by securities analysts about us or our competitors or our industry;
• the public’s reaction to our press releases, our other public announcements and our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”);

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• our failure or the failure of our competitors to meet analysts’ projections or guidance that we or our competitors may give to the market;
• additions and departures of key personnel;
• strategic decisions by us or our competitors, such as acquisitions, divestitures, spin-offs, joint ventures, strategic investments or changes in business strategy;
• the passage of legislation or other regulatory developments affecting us or our industry;
• speculation in the press or investment community;
• changes in accounting principles;
• terrorist acts, acts of war or periods of widespread civil unrest;
• natural disasters and other calamities; and
• changes in general market and economic conditions.

In addition, the stock market has experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of companies. Broad market and industry factors may negatively affect the market price of our common stock, regardless of our actual operating performance. In the past, securities class action litigation has often been initiated against companies following periods of volatility in their stock price. This type of litigation could result in substantial costs and divert our management’s attention and resources and could also require us to make substantial payments to satisfy judgments or to settle litigation.

Our quarterly operating results may fluctuate significantly and could fall below the expectations of securities analysts and investors due to seasonality and other factors, some of which are beyond our control, resulting in a decline in our stock price.

Our quarterly operating results may fluctuate significantly because of several factors, including:

• labor availability and costs for hourly and management personnel;
• changes in interest rates;
• macroeconomic conditions, both nationally and locally;
• changes in consumer preferences and competitive conditions;
• expansion to new markets;
• increases in infrastructure costs; and
• in commodity prices.

Unanticipated fluctuations in our quarterly operating results could result in a decline in our stock price.

Our failure to meet the continued listing requirements of Nasdaq could result in a delisting of our common stock.

If, after listing, we fail to satisfy the continued listing requirements of Nasdaq, such as the corporate governance requirements or the minimum closing bid price requirement, Nasdaq may take steps to delist our common stock. Such a delisting would likely have a negative effect on the price of our common stock and would impair your ability to sell or purchase our common stock when you wish to do so. In the event of a delisting, we can provide no assurance that any action taken by us to restore compliance with listing requirements would allow our common stock to become listed again, stabilize the market price or improve the liquidity of our common stock, prevent our common stock from dropping below the Nasdaq minimum bid price requirement or prevent future non-compliance with Nasdaq’s listing requirements.

If Nasdaq delists our securities, we could face significant material adverse consequences, including:

• a limited availability of market quotations for our securities;
• reduced liquidity with respect to our securities;
• a determination that our shares of common stock are “penny stock” which will require brokers trading in our shares of common stock to adhere to more stringent rules, possibly resulting in a reduced level of trading activity in the secondary trading market for our shares of common stock;
• a limited amount of news and analyst coverage for our company; and
• a decreased ability to issue additional securities or obtain additional financing in the future.

The National Securities Markets Improvement Act of 1996, which is a federal statute, prevents or preempts the states from regulating the sale of certain securities, which are referred to as “covered securities.” Assuming our common stock will be listed on Nasdaq, our common stock will be covered securities. Although the states are preempted from regulating the sale of our securities, the federal statute does allow the states to investigate companies if there is a suspicion of fraud, and, if there is a finding of fraudulent activity, then the states can regulate or bar the sale of covered securities in a particular case. Furthermore, if we were no longer listed on Nasdaq, our common stock would not be covered securities and we would be subject to regulation in each state in which we offer our securities.

If our shares are delisted from Nasdaq and become subject to the penny stock rules, it would become more difficult to trade our shares.

The SEC has adopted rules that regulate broker-dealer practices in connection with transactions in penny stocks. Penny stocks are generally equity securities with a price of less than $5.00, other than securities registered on certain national securities exchanges or authorized for quotation on certain automated quotation systems, provided that current price and volume information with respect to transactions in such securities is provided by the exchange or system. If we do not obtain or retain a listing on Nasdaq and if the price of our common stock is less than $5.00, our common stock will be deemed a penny stock. The penny stock rules require a broker-dealer, before a transaction in a penny stock not otherwise exempt from those rules, to deliver a standardized risk disclosure document containing specified information. In addition, the penny stock rules require that before effecting any transaction in a penny stock not otherwise exempt from those rules, a broker-dealer must make a special written determination that the penny stock is a suitable investment for the purchaser and receive (i) the purchaser’s written acknowledgment of the receipt of a risk disclosure statement; (ii) a written agreement to transactions involving penny stocks; and (iii) a signed and dated copy of a written suitability statement. These disclosure requirements may have the effect of reducing the trading activity in the secondary market for our common stock, and therefore stockholders may have difficulty selling their shares.

We have no current plans to pay cash dividends on our common stock for the foreseeable future, and you may not receive any return on investment unless you sell your common stock for a price greater than that which you paid for it.

We may retain future earnings, if any, for future operations, expansion and debt repayment and have no current plans to pay any cash dividends for the foreseeable future. Any decision to declare and pay dividends in the future will be made at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend on, among other things, our results of operations, financial condition, cash requirements, contractual restrictions and other factors that our Board of Directors may deem relevant. In addition, our ability to pay dividends may be limited by covenants of any existing and future outstanding indebtedness we or our subsidiaries incur, including our credit facility. As a result, you may not receive any return on an investment in our common stock unless you sell our common stock for a price greater than that which you paid for it and any potential investor who anticipates the need for current dividends should not purchase our securities. See Item 5. “Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities-Dividends.”

There can be no assurance that we will ever provide liquidity to our investors through a sale of our company.

While acquisitions of manufacturing and distribution companies like ours are not uncommon, potential investors are cautioned that no assurances can be given that any form of merger, combination, or sale of our Company will take place, or that any merger, combination, or sale, even if consummated, would provide liquidity or a profit for our investors. You should not invest in our Company with the expectation that we will be able to sell the business in order to provide liquidity or a profit for our investors.

Our founder and principal shareholder has substantial influence over our Company. His interests may not be aligned with the interests of our other shareholders, and he could prevent or cause a change of control or other transactions.

Mr. David Shan owns 77% of our outstanding shares. Accordingly, Mr. Shan will have significant influence in determining the outcome of any corporate transaction or other matter submitted to the shareholders for approval, including mergers, consolidations, the appointment of directors and other significant corporate actions. Mr. Shan will also have the power to prevent or cause a change in control. Without the consent of Mr. Shan, we may be prevented from entering into transactions that could be beneficial to us or our minority shareholders. In addition, Mr. Shan could violate his fiduciary duties by diverting business opportunities from us to himself or others. The interests of Mr. Shan may differ from the interests of our other shareholders. The concentration in the ownership of our common stock shares may cause a material decline in the value of our common stock.

The sale or availability for sale of substantial amounts of our common stock could adversely affect its market price.

Sales of substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market, including sales made of any shares pledged for a loan by any holder of a significant number of shares of our common stock, or the perception that these sales could occur, could adversely affect the market price of our common stock and could materially impair our ability to raise capital through equity offerings in the future. Our common stock is freely tradable without restriction or further registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (“Securities Act”), and shares held by our existing shareholders may also be sold in the public market in the future subject to the restrictions in Rule 144 under the Securities Act and the applicable lock-up agreements. We cannot predict what effect, if any, market sales of securities held by our significant shareholders or any other shareholder or the availability of these securities for future sale will have on the market price of our common stock.

We incur significant increased costs as a result of operating as a public company and our management is required to devote substantial time to new compliance initiatives.

As a public company, we now incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses that we did not incur as a private company. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act, as well as rules subsequently implemented by the SEC and Nasdaq, has imposed various requirements on public companies. Our management and other personnel need to devote a substantial amount of time to these compliance initiatives. Moreover, compliance with these rules and regulations increase our legal, accounting and financial compliance costs substantially. A number of those requirements require us to carry out activities we have not done previously. For example, we have created new board committees and adopted new internal controls and disclosure controls and procedures. In addition, these rules and regulations may make our activities related to legal, accounting and financial compliance more difficult, time-consuming and costly and may also place undue strain on our personnel, systems and resources. Furthermore, if we identify any issues in complying with those requirements (for example, if we or our auditors identify a material weakness or significant deficiency in our internal control over financial reporting), we could incur additional costs rectifying those issues, and the existence of those issues could adversely affect us, our reputation or investor perceptions of us. If these requirements divert the attention of our management and personnel from other business concerns, they could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. For example, we expect these rules and regulations to make it more difficult and more expensive for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance, and we may be required to incur substantial costs to maintain our current levels of such coverage. These increased costs require us to divert a significant amount of money that we could otherwise use to expand our business and achieve our strategic objectives. Advocacy efforts by stockholders and third parties may also prompt additional changes in governance and reporting requirements, which could further increase our costs.

Unanticipated changes in effective tax rates or adverse outcomes resulting from examination of our income or other tax returns could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

We are subject to income taxes in the United States, and our domestic tax liabilities are subject to the allocation of expenses in differing jurisdictions. Our future effective tax rates could be subject to volatility or adversely affected by a number of factors, including:

• changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities;
• expected timing and amount of the release of any tax valuation allowances;
• tax effects of stock-based compensation;
• costs related to intercompany restructurings;
• changes in tax laws, regulations or interpretations thereof; or
• lower than anticipated future earnings in jurisdictions where we have lower statutory tax rates and higher than anticipated future earnings in jurisdictions where we have higher statutory tax rates.

In addition, we may be subject to audits of our income, sales and other transaction taxes by federal, state and local authorities. Outcomes from these audits could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Changes to accounting rules or regulations may adversely affect the reporting of our results of operations.

Changes to existing accounting rules or regulations may impact the reporting of our future results of operations or cause the perception that we are more highly leveraged. Other new accounting rules or regulations and varying interpretations of existing accounting rules or regulations have occurred and may occur in the future.

Changes to estimates related to our property, fixtures and equipment or operating results that are lower than our current estimates at certain locations may cause us to incur impairment charges on certain long-lived assets, which may adversely affect our results of operations.

In accordance with accounting guidance as it relates to the impairment of long-lived assets, we make certain estimates and projections with regard to our operations, as well as our overall performance, in connection with our impairment analyses for long-lived assets. When impairment triggers are deemed to exist for our operations, the estimated undiscounted future cash flows are compared to its carrying value. If the carrying value exceeds the undiscounted cash flows, an impairment charge equal to the difference between the carrying value and the fair value is recorded. The projections of future cash flows used in these analyses require the use of judgment and a number of estimates and projections of future operating results. If actual results differ from our estimates, additional charges for asset impairments may be required in the future. If future impairment charges are significant, this could have a material adverse effect on the results of our operations.

As an “emerging growth company” under applicable law, we are subject to lessened disclosure requirements, which could leave our stockholders with less information or fewer rights available to stockholders of more mature companies.

For as long as we remain an “emerging growth company,” we have elected to take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not “emerging growth companies” including, but not limited to:

• not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act;
• taking advantage of an extension of time to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards;

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• reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements; and
• exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.

We expect to take advantage of these reporting exemptions until we are no longer an “emerging growth company.” Because of these lessened regulatory requirements, our stockholders would be left without information or rights available to stockholders of more mature companies.

Because we have elected to use the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards for an “emerging growth company” our financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with public company effective dates.

We have elected to use the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards for an emerging growth company. This election allows us to delay the adoption of new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until those standards apply to private companies. As a result of this election, our financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with public company effective dates, and thus investors may have difficulty evaluating or comparing our business, performance or prospects in comparison to other public companies, which may have a negative impact on the value and liquidity of our common stock.

We are a “controlled company” within the meaning of Nasdaq listing standards and, as a result, qualify for exemptions from certain corporate governance requirements.

David Shan, our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors holds approximately 77% of the voting power in us and, as a result, we are a “controlled company” within the meaning of the Nasdaq listing standards. For so long as we remain a controlled company, we technically qualify and are eligible to be exempted from the obligation to comply with certain Nasdaq corporate governance requirements, however, we do not plan to take advantage of the exemptions provided to controlled companies, which include

• our Board of Directors is not required to be comprised of a majority of independent directors;
• our Board of Directors is not subject to the compensation committee requirements; and
• we are not subject to the requirements that director nominees be selected either by the independent directors or a nomination committee comprised solely of independent directors.
• our Board of Directors is not required to be comprised of a majority of independent directors;

The controlled company exemptions do not apply to the audit committee requirement or the requirement for executive sessions of independent directors. We are required to disclose in our annual report that we are a controlled company and the basis for that determination. Although we do not plan to take advantage of the exemptions provided to controlled companies, we may in the future take advantage of such exemptions. Our status as a controlled company could cause our securities to be less attractive to certain investors or otherwise adversely affect our securities’ trading price.

If securities or industry analysts do not publish or cease publishing research or reports about us, our business or our market, or if they change their recommendations regarding our common stock adversely, the price of our common stock and trading volume could decline.

The trading market for our common stock may be influenced by the research and reports that securities or industry analysts may publish about us, our business, our market or our competitors. If any of the analysts who may cover us change their recommendation regarding our common stock adversely, or provide more favorable relative recommendations about our competitors, the price of our common stock would likely decline. If any analyst who may cover us was to cease coverage of our company or fail to regularly publish reports on us, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which in turn could cause the price of our common stock or trading volume to decline.

Anti-takeover provisions in our Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws and Nevada law could discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company and may affect the trading price of our common stock.

The anti-takeover provisions of the Nevada law may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control by prohibiting us from engaging in a business combination with an interested stockholder for a period of three years after the person becomes an interested stockholder, even if a change in control would be beneficial to our existing stockholders. Our Articles of Incorporation and our Bylaws may discourage, delay or prevent a change in our management or control over us that stockholders may consider favorable. For example, our Board of Directors has the right to issue preferred stock without stockholder approval that could be used to dilute a potential hostile acquirer. As a result, you may lose your ability to sell your stock for a price in excess of the prevailing market price due to these protective measures, and efforts by stockholders to change the direction or management of the company may be unsuccessful. In addition, our Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws:

• provide that vacancies on our Board of Directors, including newly created directorships, may be filled only by a majority vote of directors then in office;
• provide that special meetings of stockholders may only be called by our Chairman and/or President, our Board of Directors or a super-majority (66 or 2/3%) of our stockholders;
• place restrictive requirements (including advance notification of stockholder nominations and proposals) on how special meetings of stockholders may be called by our stockholders;
• not provide stockholders with the ability to cumulate their votes; and provide that only a super-majority of our stockholders (66 or 2/3%) may amend our amended and restated bylaws.

Failure to establish and maintain effective internal controls in accordance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act could have a material adverse effect on our business and stock price.

We are required to comply with the SEC’s rules implementing Sections 302 and 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, which requires management to certify financial and other information in our quarterly and annual reports and provide an annual management report on the effectiveness of controls over financial reporting. Our independent registered public accounting firm is not required to attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting until the later of the year following our first annual report required to be filed with the SEC or the date we are no longer an emerging growth company and are an accelerated or large accelerated filer.

We may need to undertake various actions, such as implementing new internal controls and procedures and hiring additional accounting or internal audit staff. In addition, we may identify material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting that we may not be able to remediate in time to meet the applicable deadline imposed upon us for compliance with the requirements of Section 404.

If we identify weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, are unable to comply with the requirements of Section 404 in a timely manner or to assert that our internal control over financial reporting is effective, or if our independent registered public accounting firm is unable to express an opinion as to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, investors may lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports and the market price of our common stock could be negatively affected, and we could become subject to investigations by Nasdaq on which our securities are listed, the SEC or other regulatory authorities, which could require additional financial and management resources.

As of December 31, 2024, we have identified material weakness existing in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting related to ineffective controls over information and communication and period end financial disclosure and reporting processes, including not effectively communicating internally between the sales department and the accounting department and externally with the client and lack of effectiveness of controls over accurate accounting and financial reporting and reviewing the underlying financial statement elements. We are working to remediate the material weaknesses as further discussed in Item 9A of this Amended 2024 Annual Report. If we cannot successfully remediate identified control deficiencies, including any current or future material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting: the accuracy and timing of our financial reporting may be adversely affected; our liquidity, access to capital markets and perceptions of our creditworthiness may be adversely affected; we could face difficulty forecasting our financial results accurately, impacting decision-making by investors and analysts; we may be unable to maintain compliance with securities laws, stock exchange listing requirements and debt instruments’ covenants regarding the timely filing of periodic reports; we may be subject to regulatory investigations and penalties; investors may lose confidence in our financial reporting; and our common stock price may decline.

Our Bylaws provide that the Second Judicial District Court of Washoe County of the State of Nevada is the sole and exclusive forum for certain stockholder litigation matters, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes against us, or our directors and officers.

Our Bylaws require, to the fullest extent permitted by Nevada law, that unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Second Judicial District Court of Washoe County of the State of Nevada (the “Court”) shall be the sole and exclusive forum for any stockholder (including a beneficial owner) to bring (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the Company, (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any director, officer or other employee of the Company to the Company or the Company’s stockholders, (iii) any action asserting a claim against the Company, any director or the Company’s officers or employees arising pursuant to any provision of the NRS, Chapters 78 or 92A of the NRS or our Nevada Articles of Incorporation or our Bylaws, or (iv) any action asserting a claim against the Company, any director or the Company’s officers or employees governed by the internal affairs doctrine. However, each of these clauses (i) through (iv) will not apply to any claim (x) as to which the Court determines that there is an indispensable party not subject to the jurisdiction of the Court (and the indispensable party does not consent to the personal jurisdiction of the Court within ten (10) days following such determination), (y) for which the Court does not have subject matter jurisdiction, or (z) which is vested in the exclusive jurisdiction of a court or forum other than the Court, including pursuant to Section 27 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”), which provides for exclusive federal jurisdiction over suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or the rules and regulations thereunder. Furthermore, Section 22 of the Securities Act provides for concurrent jurisdiction for federal and state courts over all suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Securities Act or the rules and regulations thereunder, and as such the exclusive jurisdiction clauses set forth above would not apply to such suits.

Although we believe these provisions benefit us by providing increased consistency in the application of Nevada law for the specified types of actions and proceedings, the provisions may have the effect of discouraging lawsuits against us or our directors and officers. Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in our shares of capital stock shall be deemed to have notice of and consented to this exclusive forum provision, but will not be deemed to have waived our compliance with the federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder. If a court were to find the choice of forum provision contained in our amended and restated bylaws to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions, which could harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Our cybersecurity risk management program is designed to align with industry-standard cybersecurity frameworks and includes processes related to each of the following functions: identification, protection, detection, response, and recovery. Examples of relevant processes include steps for: assessing the severity of a cybersecurity threat; identifying the source of a cybersecurity threat, including whether the cybersecurity threat is associated with a third-party service provider; implementing cybersecurity countermeasures and mitigation strategies; and remediating and escalating cybersecurity incidents using cross-functional expertise. Our cybersecurity risk management program also includes risk-based processes related to overseeing and identifying cybersecurity risks associated with the use of third-party providers, including processes related to: conducting cybersecurity assessments of third-party service providers, including cybersecurity obligations in contract with third-party service providers; and receiving and responding to notification of cybersecurity incidents of third-party service providers. Our cybersecurity team engages third-party security experts to assist with our processes for assessing, identifying, and managing risks from cybersecurity threat, including, for example, assessment of the maturity of our cybersecurity risk management program, penetration testing, employee awareness testing, phish testing, and incident monitoring and response, including conducting tabletop exercises.

Our cybersecurity risk management program is under the direction of IT manager, who has a master’s degree in IT management. The IT manager receives reports from our cybersecurity team on the prevention, detection, mitigation, and remediation of cybersecurity incidents. Our Executive Cybersecurity Council meets as appropriate and receives updates from IT manager regarding our cybersecurity risks and risk management program; cybersecurity incidents and our response to them; and, as appropriate, developments in the external cybersecurity landscape, including learnings from external cybersecurity incidents.

Our full Board of Directors provides oversight of our cybersecurity risk management program and will receive updates on the program from IT manager on a quarterly basis, or more frequently as appropriate. Those updates will include information regarding our cybersecurity risks and risk management program; cybersecurity incidents and our response to them; and, as appropriate, developments in the external cybersecurity landscape, including any learnings from external cybersecurity incidents.

In 2024, we did not identify any cybersecurity threats that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition . However, despite our efforts, we cannot eliminate all risks from cybersecurity threats, or provide assurances that we have not experienced an undetected cybersecurity incident. For more information about these risks, please see “Risk Factors - Risks Relation to our Business, Strategy, and Industry” in Report.

Our executive offices are located at 3101 W Miller Road, Garland, Texas 75041., and our telephone number is (877) 881-6376. The cost for our use of this space is $230,250 per month plus property tax and insurance. We consider our current office space adequate for our current operations.

At those offices is also our 376,000 sq. ft. facility of which 280,000 sq. ft. is dedicated to Massimo Motor Sports and 96,000 sq. ft. to Massimo Marine. Our facility is adjacent to seven acres for boat storage, which houses a design center, two assembly lines, our parts department, a test track, dyno, and over 30 loading docks. In addition to serving as the manufacturing facility for our Pontoon Boats, the facility is equipped to quickly palletize and shrink wrap ATVs and UTVs so that most orders can be shipped to stores or distributors within three days.

From time to time, we may become involved in legal proceedings or be subject to claims arising in the ordinary course of our business. As of March 20, 2025, we are party to two (2) material pending legal proceedings.

Taizhou Nebula Power Co. Ltd. v. Massimo Motor Sports, LLC

In September 2020, Taizhou Nebula Power Co. Ltd. (“Nebula”) filed suit against us in the Dallas County District of Texas. Nebula has alleged that we owe them $2,343,868.60 for products that it shipped to us from 2017 to 2019. Nebula also seeks undefined damages they claim were caused by our failure to hit certain sales targets pursuant to the Distribution Agreement signed by both parties. A bench trial was conducted in May 2024. On June 6, 2024, the trial court entered its Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law, which generally found for Nebula on its breach of contract claims and denied Massimo’s counterclaims. After post-trial fees briefing, the trial court entered its Final Judgment on July 8, 2024 (see first audit response letter). On August 7, 2024, Massimo timely filed a notice of appeal of the Final Judgment. Our Firm was not involved in the trial of this case. Instead, we were retained as appellate counsel after Massimo received the Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law. Massimo filed its appellant’s brief on January 31, 2025. Nebula filed its appellee’s brief on May 1, 2025. Massimo intends to continue vigorously defending the lawsuit and pursuing its appeal. While Massimo is not opposed to an out-of-court settlement, to date Nebula’s attorneys have had limited interest in discussing settlement.

Zhejiang Qunying Vehicle Co., Ltd. v. Cho International, Inc

On September 5, 2023, Zhejiang Qunyinh Vehicle Co., Ltd. (“Zhejiang”) filed suit against us and ten other corporate entities in the Superior Court of the State of California for Orange County. Zhejiang alleges claims of approximately $6,000,000 in damages for products that were allegedly shipped to the United States but not paid for. Despite us being one of the ten entities that plaintiff has sued, we have had minimal interactions with Zhejiang. We have not purchased any products from Zheijang. In February 2024, Zhejiang filed a Second Amended Complaint. Massimo filed a demurrer seeking to dismiss the Second Amended Complaint due to Zhejiang’s failure to state a valid claim in March 2024. In August 2024, the Court denied in part and granted in part Massimo’s demurrer. As a result, Zhejiang still has valid claims against Massimo. The trial is scheduled for March 2026. Massimo intends to vigorously defend the lawsuit.

In the past, we have also been subject to over fifty (50) legal proceedings encompassing: employment disputes, personal injury and wrongful death lawsuits, property damage lawsuits, product liability and manufacturing defect lawsuits and contractual disputes with our suppliers, distributors, customers, an on-site security provider, a freight shipping company and a previous law firm. These cases also include an inquiry by the Missouri Office of the Attorney General and the Pennsylvania State Board of Vehicle Manufacturers, Dealers and Salespersons. We do not believe that these past cases will have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial condition, or cash flows. However, we cannot assure you that past litigation will not have an impact on our present reputation or goodwill among dealers, distributors and customers.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes that appear in this Amended 2024 Annual Report. In addition to historical consolidated financial information, the following discussion contains forward-looking statements that reflect our plans, estimates, and beliefs. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to these differences include those discussed below and elsewhere in this Amended 2024 Annual Report, particularly in “Risk Factors.” All amounts included herein with respect to the fiscal years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 are derived from our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Report. Our financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

Overview of Company

Massimo is a holding company established on October 10, 2022 under the laws of the State of Nevada. The Company, through its subsidiaries, is primarily engaged in the manufacturing and sales of a wide selection of farm and ranch tested UTVs, recreational ATVs, and Pontoon Boats. Mr. David Shan, the Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer, is the controlling shareholder (the “Controlling Shareholder”) of the Company.

A Reorganization of the legal structure was completed on June 1, 2023. The Controlling Shareholder transferred his 85% equity interest in Massimo Motor and 85% equity interest in Massimo Marine to Massimo. Together with 15% non-controlling interests, after the reorganization, Massimo ultimately owns 100% equity interests of Massimo Motor and Massimo Marine.

Before and after the Reorganization, the Company, together with its subsidiaries, is effectively controlled by the same Controlling Shareholder, and therefore, the Reorganization is considered as a recapitalization of entities under common control in accordance with ASC 805-50-25. The consolidation of the Company and its subsidiaries have been accounted for at historical cost and prepared on the basis as if the aforementioned transactions had become effective as of the beginning of the first period presented in the accompanying consolidated financial statements in accordance with ASC 805-50-45-5.

We currently generate most of our revenues from the sales of UTVs and ATVs, which represented 96.6% and 89.8% of total revenue for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively

We also generate revenue from the sales of Pontoon Boats, which represented 3.4% and 10.2% of our revenue for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Trends and Key Factors that Affect Operating Results

We believe the most significant factors that affect our business and results of operations include the following:

• Risk of intense competition in the industry - The Powersports Vehicles and Boat Industry is highly competitive. Competition in such markets is based upon a number of factors, including price, quality, reliability, styling, product features and warranties. At the dealer level, competition is based on a number of factors including sales and marketing support programs (such as financing joint advertising programs and cooperative advertising). Certain competitors are more diversified and have financial and marketing resources which are substantially greater than ours, which allow these competitors to invest more heavily in intellectual property, product development, and sales and marketing support. If we are not able to compete with new products, customer services, product features or models comparable or superior to those of our competitors, or attract new dealers, our business, results of operations or financial condition could be materially and adversely affected. We are subject to competitive pricing. Such pricing pressure may limit our ability to maintain prices or to increase prices for our products in response to raw material, component and other cost increases and so negatively affect our profit margins.
• Risk of economic and policy changes within China - We import our products from various Chinese suppliers. The Chinese government continues to play a significant role in regulating industry within China by imposing industrial policies, providing subsidies and heavily regulating or prohibiting unwanted activities. There is no assurance the Chinese government will not interfere with the operations of Linhai Powersports or any of our other suppliers. In addition, the Chinese government has implemented certain measures, including interest rate adjustments, to control the pace of economic growth in China. These measures, or other economic, political, or social developments in China may affect our China-based suppliers, which may adversely affect our business and operating results. We also import our products from Taiwan. The Taiwan issue is a longstanding point of contention between China and the United States. The U.S. maintains unofficial relations with Taiwan, while also recognizing the One China policy, which acknowledges Beijing as the legitimate government of Taiwan. Both China and the U.S. have engaged in military posturing around the Taiwan Strait. This increases the risk of accidental clashes or misunderstandings that could escalate into conflict, which will affect both our China-mainland-based and Taiwan-based suppliers. Additionally, both U.S. and Chinese governments have imposed tariffs on certain products and taken other actions that have had an adverse impact on trade between the two countries.
• Risk of unavailability of additional capital - We will require significant expenditures to fund future growth. We have funded our growth out of the proceeds of the IPO and internal sources of liquidity or through additional financing from external sources. Our ability to obtain external financing in the future at a reasonable cost is subject to a variety of uncertainties, including our future financial condition, results of operations and cash flows and the condition of the global and domestic financial markets. If we require additional funds and cannot obtain them on acceptable terms when required or at all, we may be unable to fulfill our working capital needs, upgrade our existing facilities or expand our business and may have to reduce the level of our operations. These factors may also prevent us from entering into transactions that would otherwise benefit our business or implementing our future strategies. Any debt financing that we undertake may be expensive and might impose covenants that restrict our operations and strategic initiatives, including limitations on our ability to incur liens or additional debt, pay dividends, repurchase our capital stock, make investments and engage in mergers, consolidations and asset sale transactions. Equity financings may be on terms that are dilutive or potentially dilutive to our shareholders, and the prices at which new investors would be willing to purchase our equity securities may be lower than the trading prices of such equities. If new sources of financing are required, but are unattractive, insufficient or unavailable, then we could be required to modify our business plans or growth strategy which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.
• Risk of uncertainty in the cost and production level of raw materials - We depend on third party suppliers to manufacture many of the products we sell, in particular, ATVs and UTVs, as opposed to our Pontoon Boats which we manufacture in our Dallas facility. For the year ended December 31, 2024, we purchased approximately 82% of our products from two of these suppliers. Competition for the output of these suppliers is intense. If these independent suppliers were unwilling or unable to supply us with products at prices which enable us to maintain our gross margins, it would materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition. Although we are looking to broaden our supplier base and to reduce our dependence upon a limited number of suppliers, there is no assurance we will be able to do so and increasing the number of suppliers from which we purchase products may increase our costs.
• Risk related to overseas freights fluctuation - The inflation rate and supply chain crisis experienced in 2021 and 2022 led to a significant increase in overseas freight costs. However, by December 31, 2024, there was a notable easing in both inflation and freight costs, reflecting an improvement in economic conditions and a stabilization in the supply chain.
• Risk related to inflation - In recent years, our China-based suppliers have increased the cost of their products due to inflation. We may not be able to pass along price increases in raw materials, parts, or components to customers. As a result, an increase in the cost of the raw materials, parts, and components our suppliers use in the manufacture of our products could reduce our profitability and have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.
• Risk of seasonal sales of Pontoon Boats - A portion of our sales revenue generated from Massimo Marine has a seasonal sales pattern. For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, our revenue generated from Massimo Marine was approximately 3.4% and 10.2% of our total revenue, respectively.

Results of Operations

The following table summarizes the results of consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 in U.S. dollars, and provides information regarding the dollar and percentage increase or (decrease) during such year.

Revenue

Revenues decreased by $5.7 million, or 5.0%, from $115.0 million in fiscal 2023 to $109.3 million in fiscal 2024. The decrease in revenue was primarily due to combined effects of rising demand in the U.S. ATV and UTV market and our modified sales strategy, offset by the decrease in revenue from sales of Pontoon Boats. In 2024, we continued expanding our distribution network through various retailers to enhance market penetration. We strategically focused our efforts on large retail stores in the U.S. (the “big box stores”) that offer their own financing plans, while moving away from retailers that have liberal return policies.

Revenue by Type

Revenue from sales of UTVs, ATVs and e-bikes

Revenue from sales of UTVs, ATVs and electric bikes increased by $2.3 million, or 2.2%, from $103.3 million in fiscal 2023 to $105.6 million in fiscal 2024. The increase in revenue was primarily attributed to the expansion into more big-box stores. This surge is consistent with the increasing ranch/farm-work utilization of UTVs across the 1.89 million farms in the U.S. with an average size of 464 acres and the new customer’s rural lifestyle focus. The increase in sales is also due to a shift in our sales strategy, focusing mostly on in-store sales to this retail chain store customer, which generally involve larger volumes and no returns. In addition, sales to this new customer consist of high-turnover inventory products that are of high quality and have a strong customer reputation. This enhances the efficiency of our capital utilization.

Revenue from sales of Pontoon Boats

Revenue from sales of Pontoon Boats decreased by $7.9 million, or 68.0%, from $11.7 million in fiscal 2023 to $3.8 million in fiscal 2024. The decrease was primarily driven by an industry-wide downturn caused by high interest rates and inflation, which are impacting the consumption of non-essential goods. In addition, the fact that the dealers have experienced high rejection rates at the floorplan financing providers such as Northpoint has directly affected the inventory level the dealers maintain and therefore our sales in this category. This trend aligns with broader industry challenges. The ongoing economic uncertainty in the U.S. has further reduced discretionary spending on luxury boats, negatively affecting sales of high-end models such as our yacht.

Gross profit

Our gross profit decreased by $3.4 million, or 9.6%, from $35.9 million in fiscal 2023 to $32.5 million in fiscal 2024. Gross margin was 29.7% in fiscal 2024, as compared with 31.2% in fiscal 2023. Our gross margin in fiscal 2024 remained constant when compared with fiscal 2023.

Our cost and gross profit by revenue types are as follows:

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Cost of revenue on UTVs, ATVs and electric bikes increased by $3.6 million, or 5.1%, from $69.9 million in fiscal 2023 to $73.5 million in fiscal 2024 and gross profit decreased by $1.3 million, or 3.9%, from $33.4 million in fiscal 2023 to $32.1 million in fiscal 2024. However, the gross margin decreased by 1.9%, from 32.4% in fiscal 2023 to 30.4% in fiscal 2024. The increase in the cost of revenue was primary due to increased product purchase cost and freight and duty resulting from the increase in sales volume. The decline in gross margin was primarily driven by higher freight costs in fiscal year 2024 compared to the last year.

Cost of revenue on Pontoon Boats decreased by $5.8 million, or 63.2%, from $9.2 million in fiscal 2023 to $3.4 million in fiscal 2024, and gross profit decreased by $2.1 million, or 85.9%, from $2.5 million in fiscal 2023 to $0.3 million in fiscal 2024. Decrease in cost of revenue was mainly due to decrease in products cost and freight and duty cost, resulting from decreased sales. Gross margin decreased by 11.9%, from 21.1% in fiscal 2023 to 9.3% in fiscal 2024, which was driven by significant decrease in sales.

Selling expenses

Our selling expenses mainly consist of warranty expense, advertising and promotion expense, interest expense, and shipping and handling fee. These expenses increased by $0.1 million, or 0.4%, from $$9.7 million in fiscal 2023 to $9.8 million in fiscal 2024, representing 9.0% and 8.5% of our total revenue in fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2023. The increase was mainly due to higher shipping and handling fees, which rose from approximately $4.9 million in fiscal 2023 to $6.3 million in fiscal 2024. The increase in shipping and handling fees was primarily due to higher sales of UTVs and ATVs to big box stores, as we covered the shipping costs for those customers and charge higher prices to offset these shipping costs. The increase was partly offset by a reduction in warranty expense of approximately $1.0 million, due to enhanced quality control and customer service. The introduction of a traveling technician team has allowed us to respond to customer requests more efficiently, reducing repair costs.

General and administrative expenses

Our general and administrative expenses primarily include salaries and benefits, professional fees, office expenses, travel expenses, insurance expenses, and depreciation expenses. General and administrative expenses increased by $3.3 million, or 24.7%, from $13.2 million in fiscal 2023 to $16.5 million in fiscal 2024. The increase was mainly due to increased salaries and benefit, insurance expense and rent expense. Our general and administrative expenses represented 15.1% and 11.5% of our total revenue in fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2023, respectively.

Our salaries and benefits were $6.4 million and $5.0 million, representing 39.0% and 38.0% of our total general and administrative expenses in fiscal 2024 and 2023, respectively. The increase was primarily due to $0.5 million severance package following an employment termination and $1.1 million stock-based compensation expenses recognized for RSUs and stock option grants.

Our rent expenses increased by $1.2 million or 106.4%, from $1.2 million in fiscal 2023, to $2.4 million in fiscal 2024, representing 14.3% and 8.6% of our total general and administrative expenses for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Our rent expense increased because we had two new lease agreements and renewed one in fiscal 2024 while one new lease agreement in fiscal 2023. We also had monthly rent increment upon renewing the lease agreement. Our property taxes included in the rent expenses also increased by $0.4 million in fiscal 2024, compared to prior year.

Our insurance expense increased by $0.7 million or 75.6%, from $1.0 million in fiscal 2023, to $1.7 million in fiscal 2024, representing 10.2% and 7.2% of our total general and administrative expenses in fiscal 2024 and 2023, respectively. The increase was mainly due to a higher general insurance premium year-over-year in line with sales growth, as well as the purchase of directors and officers insurance following our transition to a public company.

Impairment of advance to suppliers

During the year ended December 31, 2024, we recorded a one-time impairment of advance to suppliers amounting to approximately $0.8 million. In June 2024, we reached a tentative agreement regarding general settlement terms with one suppler who would pay approximately $0.3 million to resolve the claim. Our advance to suppliers amounting to $1.1 million would be considered irrecoverable. Therefore, we wrote off the advance to suppliers amounting to approximately $0.7 million during the year ended December 31, 2024. The settlement agreement was finalized in August 2024. During the year ended December 31, 2023, we had no impairment of advance to suppliers.

Loss on litigation

During the year ended December 31, 2024, we recorded a one-time loss of approximate $3.6 million on legal judgment on lawsuit with Nebula. The Final Judgment on July 8, 2024 awarded Nebula $3.3 million in damages, $1.4 million in attorneys’ fees and other court cost and $1.2 million in interest on balances since September 15, 2020. We have recorded an additional accrual of $3.6 million as of December 31, 2024, bringing the total accrual related to this lawsuit to approximately $6.0 million. We have filed the appeal in August 2024 and its appellant’s brief in January 2025.

Interest expenses

Our interest expense decreased by $0.4 million or 81.0%, from $0.5 million in fiscal 2023, to $0.1 million in fiscal 2024. The decrease was mainly due to the repayment of all outstanding loans in early fiscal 2024.

Other income, net

Other income increased by $1.0 million, or 688.6%, from $0.1 million in fiscal 2023, to $1.1 million in fiscal 2024. The increase was primarily due to the following factors: (i) a $0.2 million write-off of a vendor’s accounts payable balance following a settlement with the vendor and us; (ii) an approximately $0.7 million write-off of long outstanding customer deposit or credit, both of which contributed to higher other income; and (iii) an additional approximately $0.1 million in insurance claims in fiscal 2024 compared to fiscal 2023.

Income before income taxes

Income before income taxes decreased by $10.1 million, from $12.5 million in fiscal 2023, to approximately $2.4 million in fiscal 2024. The decrease was primarily attributable to an increase of $3.3 million in general and administrative expenses, a decrease of $3.5 million decrease in gross profit and an approximately $3.6 million loss on litigation and other expenses as discussed above.

Provision for income taxes

The income tax expense was approximately $0.7 million and $2.1 million in fiscal 2024 and 2023, respectively. We terminated our S Corporation status as of June 1, 2023, in connection with the Reorganization and became a taxable C Corporation. Accordingly, the income tax provision in fiscal 2024 combined both federal income tax of 21% and the state margin tax at Texas as a C Corporation, and the income tax provision for the fiscal 2023 only reflected state margin tax at Texas as a S Corporation for five months and a federal income tax of 21% for the remaining seven month’s operation. Decrease in income tax expense was mainly due to decrease in assessable profit in fiscal 2024.

Net income

Net income was $1.8 million and $10.4 million in fiscal 2024 and 2023, respectively. The decrease was primarily due to decreased revenues and gross profit, offset by an increase in general and administrative expenses and a loss on litigation, as discussed above

Cash Flows

The following table sets forth summary of our cash flows for the periods indicated:

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Operating Activities

Net cash provided by operating activities was approximately $6.7 million in fiscal 2024, compared to net cash provided by operating activities of approximately $10.9 million in fiscal 2023, representing a decrease in the net cash provided by operating activities of $4.2 million in fiscal 2024 compared with fiscal 2023. The decrease is primarily due to the following:

• Net income decreased by $8.7 million in fiscal 2024 compared with fiscal 2023.
• Our net income was adjusted for non-cash items, including non-cash operating lease expense, gain (loss) on disposal of fixed asset, impairment of advance to suppliers, amortization of stock-based compensation related to options and RSUs granted, amortization and depreciation, loss on litigation, deferred tax expense (recovery), inventories reserve, write-off of accounts receivable and provision (reversal of allowance) for expected credit loss. Non-cash items of approximately $6.2 million in fiscal 2024, compared to non-cash items of approximately $2.3 million during fiscal 2023.
• Account payable decreased by approximately $0.8 million in fiscal 2024, compared to an increase of approximately $1.4 million in fiscal 2023, primarily because we paid off undue account payable in the form of Letter of Credit payments from the old bank in order to release the UCC to the new bank in fiscal 2024.
• Contract liabilities decreased by approximately $1.4 million in fiscal 2024, compared to an increase of $1.1 million in fiscal 2023, primarily because we made refund to customers and wrote off long outstanding balance during the year.
• Tax payable decreased by approximately $1.0 million in fiscal 2024, compared to an increase of approximately $2.1 million in fiscal 2023, primarily because we had a lower tax assessable income, we made a $0.5 million prepayment of federal income tax and settled all income tax payable for the year ended December 31, 2023.
• Increase in payment of operating lease of $1.5 million in fiscal 2024, compared to $1.0 million in fiscal 2023, primary due to leasing additional warehouse space and rent increment upon the renewal of lease agreement.
• The balance was partly offset by decrease in account receivable by approximately $4.9 million in fiscal 2024, compared to an increase of approximately $3.5 million in fiscal 2023, and
• Increase in inventories by approximately $1.5 million, compared to an increase of $2.5 million in fiscal 2023.

Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities was approximately $0.2 million in fiscal 2024, compared to net cash used in investing activities of $0.1 million in fiscal 2023. The increase in net cash used investing activities was primarily attributable to the purchase of property and equipment of $0.4 million, partially offset by a proceed of $0.2 million from sale of property and equipment in fiscal 2024.

Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities was approximately $3.0 million in fiscal 2024, compared to net cash used in financing activities of approximately $11.0 million in fiscal 2023. The increase in net cash provided by financing activities in fiscal 2024 was primarily attributable to net proceed from IPO of $4.8 million and from the common shares subscription of $0.9 million, offset by the repayment of bank loans of $0.3 million and repayment of loan from a related party of $2.4 million. This compares to fiscal 2023, when cash used in financing included, net repayment of bank loan of $5.6 million and shareholder withdraw of $5.3 million.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Overview

The general objectives of our capital management strategy reside in the preservation of our capacity to continue operating, in providing benefits to our stakeholders and in providing an adequate return on investment to our shareholders by selling our products at a price commensurate with the level of operating risk assumed by us.

We thus determine the total amount of capital required consistent with risk levels. This capital structure is adjusted on a timely basis depending on changes in the economic environment and risks of the underlying assets. We are not subject to any externally imposed capital requirements.

Working Capital

As of December 31, 2024, we had cash and cash equivalents of approximately $10.2 million. Our current assets were approximately $43.6 million, including approximately $4.8 million accounts receivable, approximately $27.3 million inventory, approximately $0.1 million advance to suppliers and approximately $1.2 million prepayment deposit and other receivables, and our current liabilities were approximately $25.7 million, including $9.6 million accounts payable to suppliers, $6.0 million accrued payment on a legal judgment, $0.4 million contract liabilities, $1.1 million income tax payable, $5.5 million loan from a related party and $2.2 million liabilities from obligations under operating and financing leases, which resulted in a positive working capital of $17.9 million.

Our primary source of cash is currently generated from our business and bank borrowings. In the coming years, we will be looking to other sources, such as raising additional capital by issuing shares of stock, to meet our cash needs. While facing uncertainties regarding the size and timing of capital raise, we are confident that we can continue to support our operational needs solely by utilizing cash flows generated from our operating activities organically for the next 12 months.

Loan Balance

Loan balance consists of the following:

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Capital Expenditures

Our capital expenditures consist primarily of the lease of fixed assets and equipment as a result of our business growth. Our capital expenditures amounted to approximately $387,876 and $134,662 for Fiscal 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Contractual Commitments

As of December 31, 2024, the Company’s contractual obligations consisted of the following:

Off-balance Sheet Commitments and Arrangements

There were no off-balance sheet arrangements for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, that have, or that in the opinion of management are likely to have, a current or future material effect on our financial condition or results of operations.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, contingent assets and liabilities, each as of the date of the financial statements, and revenue and expenses during the periods presented. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates their estimates and assumptions, and the effects of any such revisions are reflected in the financial statements in the period in which they are determined to be necessary. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other factors that it believes are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual outcomes could differ materially from those estimates in a manner that could have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

Management has determined that, while there are no critical accounting estimates, the most significant estimates relate to sales returns, products warranty, allowance for credit loss, inventory provision, and the assessment and disclosure of contingent liabilities due to on-going lawsuit. Each of these are discussed below.

Sales returns

We provide a refund policy to accept returns from end customers, which varies and depends on the different products and customers. We are also obligated to repurchase from the dealer if the dealer defaults on payments to the financing sources that have the repurchase agreements with us. The estimated sales returns are determined based upon an analysis of historical sales returns. Return allowances are recorded as a reduction in sales with corresponding sales return liabilities which are included in “accrued return liabilities.” The estimated cost of returned inventory is recorded as a reduction to cost of sales and an increase of right of return assets which is included in “inventories.” The factors affecting our sales return liabilities include the number of products currently within the return period, historical and anticipated rates of sales returns claimed on those products, and the estimated amount of returns that may be claimed within this period. If actual results differ from the estimates, it revises its estimated sales returns liability accordingly. Each period end, the Company reviews and reassesses the adequacy of its recorded sales returns liabilities and adjusts the amounts as necessary. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, $261,588 and $283,276 of sales return liabilities associated with estimated product returns were recorded in the consolidated balance sheet, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded sales returns of $1,061,694 and $3,355,112 respectively.

Warranty

We generally provides a one-year limited warranty against defects in materials related to the sale of products. We consider the warranty as an assurance type warranty since the warranty provides the customers the assurance that the product complies with agreed-upon specifications. Estimated future warranty obligations are included in cost of product sales in the period in which the related revenue is recognized. The factors affecting the our warranty include the number of products currently under warranty, historical and anticipated rates of warranty claim on those products, and the estimates of repair and replacement costs to satisfy the our warranty obligation. The anticipated rate of warranty claims is the primary estimate used in determining the warranty liability and is relatively predictable using historical experience of failure rates. The average remaining aggregate warranty period of the products sold is calculated, repair parts are generally already in stock or available at pre-determined prices, and labor rates are generally arranged at pre-established amount with service providers. If actual results differ from the estimates, we revises its estimated warranty liability. Each quarter, we reevaluates its estimates and assess the adequacy of its recorded warranty liabilities and adjust the amounts as necessary. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, $503,553 and $619,113 of product warranty were recorded in the consolidated balance sheet, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded warranty expenses of $1,274,037 and $1,924,203, respectively.

Allowance for credit loss

We considered various factors, including nature, historical collection experience, the age of the accounts receivable balances and the contract assets, credit quality and specific risk characteristics of its customers, current economic conditions, forecasts of future economic conditions, reversion period, and qualitative and quantitative adjustments to develop an estimate of credit losses. We have adopted loss rate method to calculate the credit loss and considered the relevant factors of the historical and future conditions of the Company to make reasonable estimation of the risk rate. For accounts receivable aged less than one year and non-overdue contract assets, we use the loss rate method, which is a combination of historical rate method and adjustment rate method, to estimate the credit loss. For accounts receivable aged over one year and overdue retainage receivable, we use the individual specific valuation method to estimate the credit loss.

We wrote off potentially uncollectible accounts receivable against the allowance for credit losses if it is determined that the amounts will not be collected. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, we recorded allowance for credit loss of $0.4 million and $0.6 million in the consolidated balance sheet, respectively.

Inventory provision

We assessed the net realizable value of each item of inventories and compared to the cost on the book, which includes the cost of raw materials, freight and duty for raw materials, direct labor costs, and the overhead costs for finished goods at the end of each reporting period. In addition, we assessed all slow-moving or obsolete items for inventory valuation purposes. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had inventory provision of $469,900 and $439,900, included in inventories, net in the consolidated balance sheet. Impairment provision of inventories was $30,000 and $439,900 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, included in cost of revenues in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income.

Contingencies

We may be involved in various legal proceedings, claims and other disputes arising from the commercial operations, projects and other matters which, in general, are subject to uncertainties and in which the outcome are not predictable. We determine whether an estimated loss from a contingency should be accrued by assessing whether a loss is deemed probable and can be reasonably estimated. Although we can give no assurances about the resolution of pending claims, litigation or other disputes and the effect such outcomes may have on us, we believe that any ultimate liability resulting from the outcome of such proceedings, to the extent not otherwise provided or covered by insurance, will not have a material adverse effect on the our unaudited condensed consolidated financial position or results of operations or liquidity as at December 31, 2024 and 2023, except one litigation discussed below.

Litigation

On July 8, 2024, the Company received a final judgment from the trial court in the lawsuit filed by Taizhou Nebula Power Co, Ltd. (“Nebula”) on September 15, 2020. The final judgment awarded Nebula $3,334,542 in damages, $1,436,809 in attorneys’ fees and other court costs, and $1,217,610 in interest on balances from September 15, 2020. In connection with this judgment, the Company recorded an additional accrual of $3,645,092 as of December 31, 2024, bringing the total accrual related to this lawsuit to approximately $5,988,961. The Company filed an appeal in August 2024 and its appellant’s brief in January 2025.

Although our significant accounting policies are elaborated upon in Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in our consolidated financial statements, we maintain that there were no critical accounting policies.

We are a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act and are not required to provide the information otherwise required under this Item.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Disclosure controls and procedures are controls and other procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer (together, the “Certifying Officers”), or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

In designing periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognized that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.

At the time the Original 2024 Annual Report was filed on March 26, 2025, the Certifying Officers concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2024, to ensure that the material information required to be included in our Securities and Exchange Commission reports is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive and financial officer, recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC’s rules and forms relating to the Company. Subsequent to that evaluation, the Certifying Officers have concluded that a material weakness was present as of that date related to ineffective controls over information and communication and period end financial disclosure and reporting processes, including not effectively communicating internally between the sales department and the accounting department and externally with the client and lack of effectiveness of controls over accurate accounting and financial reporting and reviewing the underlying financial statement elements.

Notwithstanding the material weaknesses, and based on the additional analyses and other procedures management performed to ensure that its consolidated financial statements included in this Amended 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K/A were prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP, we have concluded that the consolidated financial statements and other financial information fairly present in all material respects our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows for the periods presented in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S.

Remediated Material Weaknesses

We are committed to maintaining strong internal control over financial reporting. In relation to the material weaknesses, management, with oversight from the Company’s Audit Committee, is in the process of developing and implementing remediation plans in response to the identified material weaknesses described above by:

• designing and implementing control activities to ensure there is an appropriate periodic assessment of its internal control environment and period end disclosure and reporting processes. For example, new approval procedure is in place for any changes in product offerings or terms and conditions of the arrangements with customers;
• designing and implementing additional monitoring controls for its existing and new revenue streams; and
• designing and implementing effective communication between the sales department and the accounting department.

These material weaknesses will not be considered remediated until the applicable controls operate for a sufficient period of time for management to conclude, through testing, that such controls are operating effectively. Management is committed to the remediation of the material weaknesses described above, as well as the continued improvement of our internal controls and will continue to review, optimize and enhance financial reporting controls and procedures.

Management’s Annual Report on Internal Controls over Financial Reporting

Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting for us. Internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act) is a process to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of our financial reporting for external purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Internal control over financial reporting includes maintaining records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect our transactions; providing reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary for preparation of our consolidated financial statements; providing reasonable assurance that receipts and expenditures of company assets are made in accordance with management authorization; and providing reasonable assurance that unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of company assets that could have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements would be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting is not intended to provide absolute assurance that a misstatement of our consolidated financial statements would be prevented or detected.

At the time the Original 2024 Annual Report was filed on March 26, 2025, the Certifying Officers concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2024, to ensure that the material information required to be included in our Securities and Exchange Commission reports is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive and financial officer, recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC’s rules and forms relating to the Company. Subsequent to that evaluation, the Certifying Officers have concluded that a material weakness was present as of that date related to ineffective controls over information and communication and period end financial disclosure and reporting processes, including not effectively communicating internally between the sales department and the accounting department and externally with the client and lack of effectiveness of controls over accurate accounting and financial reporting and reviewing the underlying financial statement elements.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Other than as discussed above, there have been no changes to our internal control over financial reporting during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.