Wyndham Hotels & Resorts, Inc.: Form 10-K for the period ended Dec 31, 2022

Wyndham Hotels & Resorts, Inc. (“Wyndham Hotels”, the “Company”, “we”, “our” or “us”) is the world’s largest hotel franchising company by number of hotels, with approximately 9,100 affiliated hotels with approximately 843,000 rooms located in over 95 countries and welcoming over 130 million guests annually worldwide. We operate a hotel portfolio of 24 brands, including Vienna House, which we acquired in 2022 and ECHO Suites Extended Stay by Wyndham, our first economy extended stay brand that we launched in the first quarter of 2022. Our 24 brands are primarily located in secondary and tertiary cities and approximately 80% of the U.S. population lives within ten miles of at least one of our affiliated hotels. Our mission is to make hotel travel possible for all. Wherever people go, Wyndham will be there to welcome them. We boast a remarkably asset-light business model dramatically limiting our capital needs and our exposure to the rising wage environment.

The following chart presents the number of branded hotels associated with each of the five largest traditional hotel franchise companies as of December 31, 2022, except for IHG which is as of September 30, 2022:

Source: Companies’ public disclosures

Our widely recognized brands with select-service focus offer a breadth of options for franchisees and a wide range of price points and experiences for our guests. We are a global leader in the economy and midscale chain scales where our brands represent approximately 30% of branded rooms in the United States, and also have a strong presence in the upper midscale chain scale.

The following charts illustrate our system size (by rooms) as of December 31, 2022:

* Royalty contribution by geography for 2022 was as follows: U.S. 85%, Canada 5%, EMEA 5%, Asia Pacific 3% and LATAM 2%.

** LATAM is representative of Latin America and the Caribbean.

*** EMEA is representative of Europe, the Middle East, Eurasia and Africa.

As of December 31, 2022, our brand portfolio consisted of the following:

(a) Affiliated properties represent properties under affiliation arrangements with former Parent or other third parties.

(b) Excludes ECHO Suites Extended Stay by Wyndham, which did not have any open hotels as of December 31, 2022, though 170 hotels were added to the pipeline since the launch in March 2022 and three had broken ground during 2022.

NM - not meaningful.

The following table presents the changes in our portfolio for the last three years:

(a) 2020 includes the deletion of 214 properties and approximately 18,500 rooms from the termination of non-compliant and brand detracting rooms, 20 properties and approximately 2,900 unprofitable rooms in connection with a guaranteed management contract and three properties and approximately 5,300 low-royalty rooms in connection with hotel sales by a strategic partner.

In addition to our current hotel portfolio, we have over 1,700 properties and approximately 219,000 rooms in our development pipeline throughout 60 countries including 13 where we do not currently have a presence. As of December 31, 2022, approximately 40% of our pipeline was located in the U.S. and 60% was located internationally; 80% of our pipeline was for new construction properties, of which 36% have broken ground and 20% represented conversion opportunities.

Our pipeline is typically only a subset of our development activity in any given period as some of our hotel additions are executed and opened in less than 90 days and therefore may never appear in our pipeline. However, we use the pipeline to gauge interest in our brands and our continued ability to drive our net room growth projections.

Our franchise sales team consists of nearly 150 professionals throughout the world. Our sales team is focused on growing our franchise business through conversions of existing branded and independent hotels and partnering with developers to brand newly constructed hotels. In addition to a regional presence in the United States, we currently have sales teams located in England, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, China, Singapore, Canada, India, Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, Columbia and Australia. Our international presence in key countries allows us to quickly adapt to changes in the increasingly dynamic global marketplace and to capitalize on new opportunities as they emerge.

In 2022, our sales team executed 882 contracts representing over 113,000 rooms. A key component of driving our net room growth is our ability to retain properties within our system. Our 2022 global retention rate was over 95%, which was a 20 basis point improvement from 2021. Our 2022 U.S. retention rate was also over 95%.

Our Guest Loyalty Program

Wyndham Rewards is our award-winning guest loyalty program that supports our portfolio of brands. The program generates significant repeat business by rewarding guests with points for each qualified stay at all of our active properties, which are then redeemable for free nights and other goods and services. Members can use points for stays at over 50,000 properties, including stays at thousands of hotels, vacation clubs and vacation rentals globally as well as merchandise, gift cards, airlines, charities, and tours and activities. Affiliation with our loyalty programs encourages members to allocate more of their travel spending to our hotels.

Wyndham Rewards has been recognized as one of the simplest, most rewarding loyalty programs in the hotel industry, providing more value to members than any other program. It has won more than 100 awards and accolades in recent years and was recently ranked #1 “Best Hotel Loyalty Program” in USA TODAY 10 Best Readers’ Choice Awards for the fifth time and as one of the best hotel rewards programs by US News & World Report and WalletHub.

Wyndham Rewards has approximately 99 million enrolled members. Our members accounted for over 37% of check-ins at our affiliated hotels globally and over 48% in the United States. Total membership grew 6% in 2020 and 7% in both 2021 and 2022, with approximately 7 million new enrolled members added in 2022. Our franchisees benefit from the program through repeat stays and members benefit through free night stays, as well as other redemption options for their points, such as gift cards, merchandise and experiences. The program is funded by contributions from eligible revenues generated by Wyndham Rewards members and collected by us from hotels in our system. These funds are applied to reimburse hotels and partners for Wyndham Rewards points redemptions by loyalty members and to pay for administrative expenses and marketing initiatives that support the program.

OUR FRANCHISING BUSINESS

Hotel Franchising Segment Adjusted EBITDA (a) ($ in millions)

(a) See Part II Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations for our definition of adjusted EBITDA and the reconciliation of net income/(loss) to adjusted EBITDA. Adjusted EBITDA has been recasted to conform with the current year presentation for 2018 through 2020. 2020 adjusted EBITDA was impacted by COVID-19.

We license our brands and associated trademarks to over 6,000 franchisees globally, which provides for a highly diversified owner base with limited concentration. Our franchisees range from sole proprietors to institutional investors such as public real estate investment trusts. Our franchise agreements are typically 10 to 20 years in length, providing significant visibility into future cash flows. Under these agreements, our direct franchisees generally pay us a royalty fee of 4% to 5% of gross room revenue and a marketing and reservation fee of 3% to 5% of gross room revenue. We occasionally provide financial support in the form of loans or development advances to help generate new business.

OUR MANAGEMENT BUSINESS

Hotel Management Segment Adjusted EBITDA (a) ($ in millions)

(a) See Part II Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations for our definition of adjusted EBITDA and the reconciliation of net income/(loss) to adjusted EBITDA. 2020 adjusted EBITDA was impacted by COVID-19.

During 2022, we completed the sale of our two owned hotels and exited our select-service management business. As a result of these transactions, we decreased the number of our managed hotels by 158 during the year.

As of December 31, 2022, we had 72 full-service hotels under management contracts, located primarily in international markets such as Argentina, China and the Middle East. We manage full-service properties under our brands, primarily under the Wyndham, Wyndham Grand, Wyndham Garden, Dolce, Ramada, Dazzler and Esplendor brands in major markets and resort destinations globally. The duration of our management agreements is typically 10 to 20 years. We earn a base management fee, which is based on a percentage of the hotel’s total revenue, and in some cases we earn an incentive fee, which is based on achieving performance metrics agreed upon with hotel owners. Under our management arrangements, we provide all the benefits of a franchising agreement and also conduct the day-to-day-operations of the hotel on behalf of the owner.

OUR STRATEGY

As the world’s largest hotel franchising company by number of hotels, with approximately 9,100 hotels under 24 brands across over 95 countries, Wyndham Hotels & Resorts is an asset-light business with significant cash generation capabilities. Our company’s mission is to make hotel travel possible for all, and our vision is to be the world’s leading provider of select-service hotel brands by delivering the best value to owners and guests.

In support of our mission and vision, our 2023 strategic priorities are organized around the following primary goals and objectives:

• drive net room growth of 2-4%, including an improvement in the retention rate of our current global system, through the continued investment in new brands, system refreshes and other programs, as well as expanding our portfolio reach across adjacent segments and geographies; and
• increase owners’ profitability by optimizing property revenue and maximizing market share through continued digital innovation, capturing increase share of growing spend from the Infrastructure and CHIPS and Science Acts and reducing on-property labor and operating costs through state-of-the-art, owner-first technology solutions and services that improve guest experience and increase hotel operating efficiencies.

CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY

We are committed to operating our business in a way that is socially, ethically and environmentally responsible. Now more than ever, we must help ensure the future remains bright for travelers around the world. As the world’s largest hotel franchising company by number of hotels, we have a unique opportunity to make a meaningful impact on the world while advancing our mission to make hotel travel possible for all.

As a hospitality company, service and volunteering is deeply rooted in our history and corporate culture. Our teams and franchisees around the world actively engage in their communities, generously giving in ways that enhance the lives of others. We support various charitable programs, including youth and education, military, community and environmental programs. Our philanthropy captures the dedication of our team members, leaders and business partners who have pledged to make lasting, important contributions to the communities in which we operate.

HUMAN CAPITAL

As of December 31, 2022, we had approximately 2,500 employees, consisting of approximately 1,100 employees outside of the United States. Our workforce is comprised of approximately 2,050 corporate employees and approximately 450 managed property employees.

Culture

As a leader in hospitality, we recognize the critical role that service plays for our company. At Wyndham, our values underpin our inclusive culture, drive our growth, nurture innovation, and inspire the great experiences we create for team members and the people we serve. Our signature “Count on Me” service culture encourages each team member to be responsive, respectful, and deliver great experiences to our guests, partners, communities and each other. Our Count on Me promise aligns with our core values – integrity, accountability, inclusiveness, caring and fun – and is embedded and celebrated at all levels of our organization.

Ethical leadership starts with our Board of Directors, and is shared by senior management with every team member across every brand and business at Wyndham Hotels & Resorts. Our Business Principles guide our interactions and set the standard for how every one of us should approach our work in service to our mission. All team members are expected to embrace our shared values and principles, and do their part in maintaining the highest ethical standards and behavior as we grow in communities worldwide.

Career Development

Our team members’ career development is key to our ability to attract, reward, and retain the best talent and a top priority at Wyndham. We actively seek to identify and develop talent throughout the organization and maintain a long-standing practice to support the growth and development of all our team members at every stage of their careers. We develop and curate various learning content in partnership with external providers to ensure that team members maintain the knowledge, skills and abilities they need to succeed. These experiences include on-the-job practice, coaching and counseling, effective performance appraisals and honest, timely feedback as well as a vast array of formal leadership programs. Wyndham University, our global learning system, provides our team members with access to a robust learning library that is flexible and accessible to help our team members learn, grow and thrive.

Diversity, Equity and Inclusion

We respect differences in people, ideas and experiences. Our core values, grounded in caring, respect, inclusiveness and fundamental human rights, infuse different perspectives that reflect our diverse customers, team members, and communities worldwide. While we continue to be recognized for the progress we have made on our Diversity, Equity and Inclusion journey, we know we can do more. We added a diversity, equity and inclusion goal to performance reviews of all team members; bolstered our efforts to recruit, retain and promote diverse talent; expanded our supplier diversity program; and continued our robust diversity, equity and inclusion training programs – all to inspire our people to contribute to meaningful change in our company, our industry, our communities and the world.

Wyndham has seven global affinity business groups. These affinity groups serve as fully inclusive networks where empowered team members foster innovation, help us grow, and enhance global diversity, equity and inclusion globally. Members of our executive committee serve as sponsors of the affinity groups where they serve as allies, mentors and advocates.

Our company was named the best place to work for LGBTQ Equality by earning a perfect score, for the fifth consecutive year, on the Human Rights Campaign’s Corporate Equality Index—a national benchmarking survey on practices related to LGBTQ equality. The Company was also named a 2022 Noteworthy Company for Diversity by Diversity Inc., awarded the VETS Indexes Recognized Employer designation as part of the 2022 VETS Indexes Employer Awards, a Forbes 2022 The Best Employers for Diversity, a 2022 Military Friendly Employer and Military Friendly Supplier Diversity Program by VIQTORY in acknowledgement of our commitment to create sustainable and meaningful benefits for our military community. For the third consecutive year, Wyndham was named one of the Best Places to Work in New Jersey by New Jersey Business Magazine in 2022, we were on Newsweek’s 2022 Most Loved Workplaces list and Forbes recognized Wyndham on its 2022 list of World’s Best Employers and America’s Best Employers.

Throughout our value chain, from team members, franchisees, partners and suppliers to the community and our guests, we believe that diversity of backgrounds, cultures and experiences helps drive our company’s success.

Wellness: Our “Be Well” Program

We are committed to offering programs that focus on the total well-being of all our team members. We also understand that nutrition, exercise, lifestyle management, physical, mental, and emotional wellness, financial health and the quality of the environment in which we work and live are also critical priorities for each of our team members. We believe that health and wellness promote both professional and personal productivity, achievement, and fulfillment, ultimately making us stronger across the organization. To encourage all our team members to lead healthier lifestyles while balancing family, work and other responsibilities, we offer several resources under our Be Well program, including free clinic services, an onsite fitness facility and a Wyndham Relief Fund to help employees who are facing financial hardship.

HUMAN RIGHTS

Human rights are a basic right entitled to all. We remain committed to the well-being and safety of our team members, guests and all those that connect to our industry. In 2022, we continued to donate and activate our team members and approximately 99 million enrolled Wyndham Rewards members to support humanitarian causes around the world.

We partnered with the American Hotel & Lodging Association (“AHLA”) to support the 5-Star Promise, a voluntary commitment to enhance policies, trainings, and resources for hotel employees and guests. We are dedicated to our team members’ safety and security and we are proud to unite with our industry in support of a shared commitment to the incredible people who help make our guests’ travels memorable.

We, along with other leaders in our industry, remain committed to supporting our industry’s efforts to end human trafficking. We have worked to enhance our policies and mandated training for all our team members to help them identify and report trafficking activities.

We are proud to work with a number of organizations including ECPAT-USA, an organization whose mission is to protect every child’s human right to grow up free from the threat of sexual exploitation and trafficking.

We also support Polaris, a non-profit organization that spearheads the effort to fight against human trafficking and operates the U.S. National Human Trafficking Hotline, to which Wyndham donates Wyndham Rewards points to provide victims with temporary safe housing. As part of our giving efforts, Wyndham Rewards and its members have donated approximately 170 million points since inception to various non-profit organizations, including organizations supporting humanitarian causes to redeem for travel and other related goods and services.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

We are committed to operating sustainably in a way that provides outstanding experiences for those we serve through places to stay that are environmentally responsible. We engage team members, owners and operators around the world to uphold and leverage our core values to think globally and execute locally.

We developed the Wyndham Green Program, which was designed to show how hotels can reduce operating costs through efficiency, help drive revenue from environmentally conscious travelers, remain competitive in the market and increase brand loyalty. The Wyndham Green Program consists of two integral components: 1) the Wyndham Green Certification, our internal certification with best practices to address energy and water conservation, waste diversion, operational efficiency, as well as guest, team member and franchisee education and engagement, and 2) the Wyndham Green Toolbox, a proprietary environmental management tool that tracks, measures and reports environmental performance data to help hotels improve energy efficiency, reduce emissions, conserve water, and reduce waste – thus minimizing environmental impact.

The UN Sustainable Development Goals serve as a strategic guide for our sustainability program, which helps advance our company’s mission of making hotel travel possible for all. Our focus includes:

• Embarking on a multi-decade journey to help our franchisees reduce their greenhouse gas emissions in alignment with efforts to limit the rise in global temperatures in part by providing tools and best practices through our Wyndham Green Program.
• Promoting best practices around water conservation at these hotels through our Wyndham Green Program; supporting the access to clean water to all through our community partnerships; and reducing single-use plastics to keep our waterways and oceans pollution-free and safe for wildlife.
• Sharing best practices around waste diversion through our Wyndham Green Program in order to reduce waste sent to landfills.
• Promoting and expanding best practices for biodiversity protection across hotels in our system; partnering with suppliers to make a meaningful impact to protect forests and biodiversity.

We remain committed to helping our franchisees reduce the energy, water and carbon footprint of their hotels as we work towards achieving our 2025 environmental targets. We continuously evaluate opportunities to increase efficiencies and the usage of renewable energy where feasible as we update our decarbonization plans with longer term targets in alignment with climate science.

We continually monitor and prioritize climate-related risks based on the financial and strategic impacts on our business. Enterprise risks, including those related to sustainability, climate and energy, are identified and assessed on an ongoing basis.

We review climate-related risks using the Task Force for Climate-Related Financial Disclosures (“TFCD”) on an annual basis, which include both transition and physical risks. Some risks that we consider include:

• Current and emerging regulations, like those pertaining to energy efficiency, energy consumption reporting and green building codes and standards at the local, state, and national levels, are considered as risks for our business.
• Acute physical risks (extreme weather events), including hurricanes and wildfires, are increasing in frequency can impact travel demand in specific markets, supply chains and cause physical damage to our assets.
• Chronic physical risks, such as include rising sea levels, rising mean temperatures, changes in precipitation patterns (including droughts) and extreme variability in weather patterns, can influence demand for travel and tourism in key markets adversely by decreasing revenue and/or causing property damage.

Our business model is asset-light, which dramatically limits our capital needs and exposure to the effects of climate change while providing us the ability to mitigate and transfer some of the risks associated with physical risks to third parties. Many factors influence our reputation and the value of our hotel brands including the perception held by our guests, our franchisees, our other key stakeholders and the communities in which we do business. The environmental information that we provide is used to inform their purchasing decisions and can directly impact our revenue associated with both franchisee and management fees.

During the fourth quarter of 2022, Wyndham was named to the Dow Jones Sustainability World Index, which consists of the top 10% of the largest 2,500 stocks in the S&P Global Broad Market Index based on their sustainability and environmental practices. As more travelers are looking for environmentally friendly lodging options, it is critical to position our hotels optimally and provide new environmentally responsible options for our guests. Our 2022 ESG Report, which is available on our corporate website and not incorporated by reference into this Annual Report, contains additional information regarding our commitment to social responsibility.

OUR HISTORY

Our business was initially incorporated as Hospitality Franchise Systems, Inc. in 1990 to acquire the Howard Johnson brand and the franchise rights to the Ramada brand in the United States. It was an integral part of Wyndham Worldwide Corporation and its predecessor from 1997 to 2018. Wyndham Hotels became an independent, public company in May 2018 when it was spun-off from Wyndham Worldwide, now known as Travel + Leisure Co. (“Travel + Leisure”).

COMPETITION

We encounter competition among hotel franchisors and lodging operators. We believe franchisees make decisions based principally upon the perceived value and quality of the brand and the services offered. We further believe that the perceived value of a brand name is partially a function of the success of the existing hotels franchised under the brand.

The ability of an individual franchisee to compete may be affected by the location and quality of its property, the number of competitors in the vicinity, community reputation and other factors. A franchisee’s success may also be affected by general, regional and local economic conditions. The potential effect of these conditions on our performance is substantially reduced by virtue of the diverse locations of our affiliated hotels and by the scale of our base. Our system is dispersed among over 6,000 franchisees, which reduces our exposure to any one franchisee. One master franchisor in China for the Super 8 brand accounts for 12% of our hotels. Apart from this relationship, no one franchisee accounts for more than 2% of our hotels.

SEASONALITY

While the hotel industry is seasonal in nature, periods of higher revenues vary property-by-property and performance is dependent on location and guest base. Based on historical performance, revenues from franchise and management contracts are generally higher in the second and third quarters than in the first or fourth quarters due to increased leisure travel during the spring and summer months. Our cash from operating activities may not necessarily follow the same seasonality as our revenues and may vary due to timing of working capital requirements and other investment activities. The seasonality of our business may cause fluctuations in our quarterly operating results, earnings, profit margins and cash flows. As we expand into new markets and geographical locations, we may experience increased or different seasonality dynamics that create fluctuations in operating results different from the fluctuations we have experienced in the past.

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY

Wyndham Hotels owns the trademarks and other intellectual property rights related to our hotel brands, including the “Wyndham” trademark. We actively use, directly or through our licensees, these trademarks and other intellectual property rights. We operate in a highly competitive industry in which the trademarks and other intellectual property rights related to our hotel brands are very important to the marketing and sales of our services. We believe that our hotel brand names have come to represent high standards of quality, caring, service and value to our franchisees and guests. We register the trademarks that we own in the United States Patent and Trademark Office, as well as with other relevant authorities, where we deem appropriate, and otherwise seek to protect our trademarks and other intellectual property rights from unauthorized use as permitted by law.

GOVERNMENT REGULATION

Our business is subject to various foreign and U.S. federal and state laws and regulations. In particular, our franchisees are subject to the local laws and regulations in each country in which such hotels are operated, including employment laws and practices, privacy laws and tax laws, which may provide for tax rates that vary from those of the United States and which may provide that our foreign earnings are subject to withholding requirements or other restrictions, unexpected changes in regulatory requirements or monetary policy and other potentially adverse tax consequences. Our franchisees and other aspects of our business are also subject to various foreign and U.S. federal and state laws and regulations, including the Americans with Disabilities Act and similar legislation in certain jurisdictions outside of the United States.

The Federal Trade Commission, various states and other foreign jurisdictions regulate the offer and sale of franchises. The Federal Trade Commission requires us to furnish to prospective franchisees a franchise disclosure document containing prescribed information prior to execution of a binding franchise agreement or payment of money by the prospective franchisee. State regulations also require franchisors to make extensive disclosure to prospective franchisees, and a number of states also require registration of the franchise disclosure document prior to sale of any franchise within the state. Non-compliance with disclosure and registration laws can affect the timing of our ability to sell franchises in these jurisdictions. Additionally, laws in many states and foreign jurisdictions also govern the franchise relationship, such as imposing limits on a franchisor’s ability to terminate franchise agreements or to withhold consent to the renewal or transfer of these agreements. Failure to comply with these laws and regulations has the potential to result in fines, injunctive relief, and/or payment of damages or restitution to individual franchisees or regulatory bodies, or negative publicity impairing our ability to sell franchises.

INFORMATION ABOUT OUR EXECUTIVE OFFICERS

Geoffrey A. Ballotti, 61, serves as our President and Chief Executive Officer and member of our Board of Directors. From March 2014 to May 2018, Mr. Ballotti served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Wyndham Hotel Group. From March 2008 to March 2014, Mr. Ballotti served as Chief Executive Officer of Wyndham Destination Network. From October 2003 to March 2008, Mr. Ballotti was President of the North America Division of Starwood Hotels and Resorts Worldwide. From 1989 to 2003, Mr. Ballotti held leadership positions of increasing responsibility at Starwood Hotels and Resorts Worldwide, including President of Starwood North America, Executive Vice President, Operations, Senior Vice President, Southern Europe and Managing Director, Ciga Spa, Italy. Prior to joining Starwood Hotels and Resorts Worldwide, Mr. Ballotti was a Banking Officer in the Commercial Real Estate Group at the Bank of New England.

Michele Allen, 48, serves as our Chief Financial Officer. From May 2018 to December 2019, Ms. Allen served as Executive Vice President and Treasurer. From April 2015 to May 2018, Ms. Allen served as Senior Vice President of Finance for Wyndham Worldwide. From August 2006 to March 2015, Ms. Allen held leadership positions of increasing responsibility at Wyndham Hotel Group, including Senior Vice President of Finance and Controller. From 1999 to August 2006, Ms. Allen served in positions of increasing responsibility at Wyndham Worldwide’s predecessor. Ms. Allen began her career as an independent auditor at Deloitte & Touche LLP.

Paul F. Cash, 53, serves as our General Counsel, Chief Compliance Officer and Corporate Secretary. From October 2017 to May 2018, Mr. Cash served as Executive Vice President and General Counsel of Wyndham Hotel Group. From April 2005 to September 2017, Mr. Cash served as Executive Vice President and General Counsel and in legal executive positions with increasing leadership responsibility for Wyndham Destination Network. From January 2003 to April 2005, Mr. Cash was a partner in the Mergers and Acquisitions, International and Entertainment and New Media practice groups of Alston & Bird LLP and from February 1997 to December 2002 he was an associate at Alston & Bird LLP. From August 1995 until February 1997, Mr. Cash was an associate at the law firm Pünder, Volhard, Weber & Axster in Frankfurt, Germany.

Lisa Borromeo Checchio, 42, serves as our Chief Marketing Officer. From May 2018 to January 2019, Ms. Checchio served as our Senior Vice President and Chief Marketing Officer. From August 2015 to May 2018, Ms. Checchio served in positions of increasing responsibility for Wyndham Hotel Group including Senior Vice President, Global Brands. From July 2004 to August 2015, Ms. Checchio held several marketing positions of increasing responsibility and served as Brand Marketing and Advertising Director for JetBlue Airways.

Monica Melancon, 55, serves as our Chief Human Resource Officer. From March 2020 to February 2021, Ms. Melancon served as Group Vice President, Human Resources – Managed. Ms. Melancon joined Wyndham Hotels & Resorts, Inc. in May 2018 and continued in her role as Vice President, Employee Relations following the Company’s acquisition of La Quinta in May 2018 where she had served in the same role from August 2016 to May 2018. Ms. Melancon previously served as Regional Employee Relations Manager of La Quinta from March 2015 to July 2016. Prior to joining La Quinta, Ms. Melancon served 15 years in various human resource positions of increasing responsibility at Target Corporation.

Nicola Rossi, 56, serves as our Chief Accounting Officer. From July 2006 to May 2018, Mr. Rossi served as Senior Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer for Wyndham Worldwide. Mr. Rossi was Vice President and Controller of Cendant’s Hotel Group from June 2004 to July 2006. From April 2002 to June 2004, Mr. Rossi served as Vice President, Corporate Finance for Cendant. From April 2000 to April 2002, Mr. Rossi was Corporate Controller and from June 1999 to March 2000 was Assistant Corporate Controller of Jacuzzi Brands, Inc. Mr. Rossi began his career as an independent auditor at Deloitte & Touche LLP.

Scott R. Strickland, 52, serves as our Chief Information Officer. From March 2017 to May 2018, Mr. Strickland served as Chief Information Officer of Wyndham Hotel Group. From November 2011 to March 2017, Mr. Strickland served as Chief Information Officer for Denon Marantz Electronics. From February 2005 to June 2010, Mr. Strickland served as Chief Information Officer for Black & Decker HHI. From 1999 to 2005, Mr. Strickland served as an Associate Partner with PricewaterhouseCoopers.

RISK FACTORS

You should carefully consider each of the following risk factors and all of the other information set forth in this report. Based on the information currently known to us, we believe that the following information identifies the most significant risk factors affecting our Company. However, the risks and uncertainties we face are not limited to those set forth in the risk factors described below. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently believe to not presently create significant risk to us may also adversely affect our business. In addition, past financial performance may not be a reliable indicator of future performance and historical trends should not be used to anticipate results or trends in future periods.

If any of the following risks and/or uncertainties develop into actual events, these events could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. In such case, the trading price of our common stock could decline.

Risks Relating to Our Industry

The lodging industry is highly competitive, and we are subject to risks related to competition that may adversely affect our performance and growth.

Our continued success depends upon our ability to compete effectively in markets that contain numerous competitors, some of whom may have significantly greater financial, marketing and other resources than we have. We compete with other hotel franchisors for franchisees and we may not be able to grow our franchise system. New hotels may be constructed and these additions to supply create new competitors, in some cases without corresponding increases in demand for lodging. Competition may reduce fee structures, potentially causing us to lower our fees and/or offer other incentives, and may require us to offer terms to prospective franchisees less favorable to us than current franchise agreements, which may adversely impact our profits. Our franchisees also compete with alternative lodging channels, including third-party providers of short-term rental properties and serviced apartments. Increasing use of these alternative lodging channels could adversely affect the occupancy and/or average rates at franchised hotels and our revenues. The use of business models by competitors that are different from ours may require us to change our model so that we can remain competitive.

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted our operations and the operations of our franchisees, and this pandemic or other potential future pandemics could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Since first being identified in December 2019, COVID-19 had an unprecedented impact on the global economy and the hospitality industry due to the implementation of a wide variety of control measures including, but not limited to, states of emergency and restrictions on travel and large gatherings. These measures resulted in cancelled and reduced travel, complete and partial suspensions of hotel operations and hotel closures. While many of these measures and similar restrictions were subsequently relaxed, a resurgence of future COVID-19 variants or other potential future pandemics may cause similar disruptions to our industry that existed in 2020 and 2021. Similarly, while our operations and the operations of our franchisees have largely stabilized since the onset of COVID-19, the potential effects that COVID-19 may continue to have on us or on our franchisees are unclear. Such impacts could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Declines in or disruptions to the travel and hotel industries may adversely affect us.

We face risks affecting the travel and hotel industries that include, but are not limited to: economic slowdown and potential recessionary pressures; economic factors such as inflation, rising interest rates, employment layoffs, increased costs of living and reduced discretionary income, which may adversely impact decisions by consumers and businesses to use travel accommodations; domestic unrest, terrorist incidents and threats and associated heightened travel security measures; political instability or political and regional strife, including the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine; acts of God such as earthquakes, hurricanes, fires, floods, volcanoes and other natural disasters; war; concerns with or threats of contagious diseases or health epidemics or pandemics, such as COVID-19; environmental disasters; lengthy power outages; cyber threats, increased pricing, financial instability and capacity constraints of air carriers; airline job actions and strikes. Increases in the frequency and severity of extreme weather events and other consequences of climate change (including any related regulation) could impact travel demand generally, lead to supply chain interruptions, cause damage to physical assets or adversely impact the accessibility or desirability of travel to certain locations. For example, certain of our franchisees’ properties are located in coastal areas that could be threatened should sea levels dramatically rise. Because a significant portion of our revenues is derived from fees based on room revenues, disruptions at our franchised properties due to climate change may adversely impact the fees we collect from these properties. Any decline in or disruptions to the travel or hotel industries may adversely affect travel demand and the results of our operations, and those of our current franchised hotels and potential franchisees and developers. Any of these factors could increase our costs, reduce our revenues and otherwise adversely impact our profitability and/or opportunities for growth.

The ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine has and may continue to negatively impact macro-economic conditions, which may adversely affect discretionary consumer spending and, as a result, our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has negatively affected the global economy. Financial and economic sanctions imposed on certain industry sectors and parties in Russia by the U.S., United Kingdom and European Union, as well as potential retaliatory actions by Russia, could also have a negative impact on the global economy. The current conflict between Russia and Ukraine has not materially affected our overall operations and our operations in both countries are immaterial. However, the conflict has negatively impacted global macro-economic conditions and a prolonged conflict, the potential expansion of the conflict into other European countries, or the direct involvement of the U.S. or other countries where we source our guests could have more significant impacts on macro-economic conditions, which could adversely affect discretionary consumer spending and, consequently, our operations.

Additional risks to our business relating to the Russia and Ukraine conflict include potential interruptions in global supply chains and the availability of items essential to our operations, the heightened possibility of cyberattacks and terrorist activity, volatility or disruption in financial markets and the potential for travel restrictions affecting our guests’ ability to access our franchisees’ hotel locations.

Third-party internet travel intermediaries and peer-to-peer online networks may adversely affect us.

Consumers use third-party internet travel intermediaries, including search engines, and peer-to-peer online networks to search for and book their lodging accommodations. As the percentage of internet reservations increases, travel intermediaries may be able to obtain higher commissions and reduced room rates to the detriment of our business. Additionally, such travel intermediaries may divert reservations away from our direct online channels or increase the overall cost of internet reservations for our affiliated hotels through their fees and a variety of online marketing methods, including the purchase by certain travel intermediaries of keywords consisting of or containing our hotel brands from Internet search engines to influence search results and direct guests to their websites. If we fail to reach satisfactory agreements with travel intermediaries, our affiliated hotels may not appear on their websites and we could lose business as a result. Further, travel intermediaries may seek to offer distribution services under their own brands directly to lodging accommodations in competition with our core franchise business.

Risks Relating to Our Operations and Acquisitions

We are subject to business, financial, operating and other risks common to the hotel and hotel franchising industries which also affect our franchisees, any of which could reduce our revenues, limit our growth or otherwise impact our business.

A significant portion of our revenue is derived from fees based on room revenues at hotels franchised under our brands. As such, our business is subject, directly or through our franchisees, to risks common in the hotel and hotel franchising industries, including risks related to:

• our ability to meet our objectives for growth in the number of our franchised hotels and hotel rooms in our franchise system and to retain and renew franchisee contracts, all on favorable terms;
• the number, occupancy and room rates of hotels operating under our franchise agreements;
• the delay of hotel openings in our pipeline;
• changes in the supply and demand for hotel rooms;
• increased pricing or supply chain disruptions for raw materials which could cause delays in the completion and development of new hotels;
• our ability to develop and maintain positive relations and contractual arrangements with current and potential franchisees under our franchise agreements and other third parties, including marketing alliances and affiliations with e-commerce channels;
• our franchisees’ pricing decisions;
• the quality of the services provided by franchisees and their investments in the maintenance and improvement of properties;
• the bankruptcy or insolvency of a significant number of our franchised hotels;
• the financial condition of franchisees, owners or other developers and the availability of financing to them;
• adverse events occurring at franchised hotel locations, including personal injuries, food tampering, contamination or the spread of illness, including COVID-19;
• negative publicity, which could damage our hotel brands;
• our ability to successfully market our current or any future hotel brands and programs, including our rewards program, and to service or pilot new initiatives;
• our relationship with certain multi-unit franchisees;
• changes in the laws, regulations and legislation affecting our business, internationally and domestically;
• our failure to adequately protect and maintain our trademarks and other intellectual property rights;
• the relative mix of branded hotels in the various hotel industry price categories;
• corporate budgets and spending and cancellations, deferrals or renegotiations of group business;
• seasonal or cyclical volatility in our business;
• operating costs, including as a result of inflation, energy costs and labor costs, such as minimum wage increases and unionization, workers’ compensation and health-care related costs and insurance; and
• disputes, claims and litigation and other legal proceedings concerning our franchised hotels’ operations, including with consumers, government regulators, other businesses, franchisees, organized labor activities and class actions.

Any of these factors could reduce our revenues, increase our costs or otherwise limit our opportunities for growth.

Our international operations are subject to additional risks not generally applicable to our domestic operations.

Our international operations are subject to numerous risks including: exposure to local economic conditions; potential adverse changes in the diplomatic relations of foreign countries with the U.S.; hostility from local populations; political instability, including as a result of the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine; trade disputes with trade partners, including China, potential military conflict resulting from escalating political tensions with Russia and China and other geopolitical risks; threats or acts of terrorism; the effect of disruptions caused by severe weather, natural disasters, outbreak of disease, such as COVID-19 or other events that make travel to a particular region less attractive or more difficult; the presence and acceptance of varying levels of business corruption in international markets; restrictions and taxes on the withdrawal of foreign investment and earnings; government policies against businesses or properties owned by foreigners; investment restrictions or requirements; diminished ability to legally enforce our contractual rights in foreign countries; forced nationalization of hotel properties by local, state or national governments; foreign exchange restrictions; fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, including the negative impact of the weakening of foreign currencies in geographic regions in which we operate relative to the U.S. dollar; our ability to, or our decision whether or not in particular instances to, hedge against foreign currency effects, and whether we are successful in any such hedging transactions; the ability to comply with or the effect of complying with new and developing laws, regulations and policies of foreign governments, including with respect to climate change; conflicts between local laws and U.S. laws, including laws that impact our rights to protect our intellectual property; withholding and other taxes on remittances and other payments by subsidiaries; and changes in and application of foreign taxation structures including value added taxes. Any adverse outcome resulting from the financial instability or performance of foreign economies, the instability of other currencies and the related volatility on foreign exchange and interest rates could adversely impact our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.

We are dependent on our senior management and the loss of any member of our senior management could harm our business.

We believe that our future growth depends in part on the continued services of our senior management team. Losing the services of any member of our senior management team could adversely affect our strategic relationships and impede our ability to execute our business strategies. The market for qualified individuals may be highly competitive and finding and recruiting suitable replacements for senior management may be difficult, time-consuming and costly. While we have updated our policies and practices to provide more flexibility for remote work, we may experience increased attrition of employees to other opportunities as a result of the tightening and increasingly competitive labor market and, particularly as certain employees may seek more flexible work alternatives than we offer, may seek positions with companies outside of the geographic area in which they live that offer remote work opportunities, or may decide to scale back their work life for personal reasons. If we are unable to retain our personnel, particularly our executive officers and senior management team, our business could be harmed.

Acquisitions and other strategic transactions may not prove successful and could result in operating difficulties and failure to realize anticipated benefits.

We regularly consider a wide array of acquisitions and other potential strategic transactions, including acquisitions of hotel brands, businesses and real property, joint ventures, business combinations, strategic investments and dispositions. Any of these transactions could be material to our business. We often compete for these opportunities with third parties, which may cause us to lose potential opportunities or to pay more than we may otherwise have paid absent such competition. We may not be able to identify and consummate strategic transactions and opportunities on favorable terms and any such strategic transactions or opportunities, if consummated, may not be successful.

Risks Relating to Our Relationships with Third Parties

Our license and other fees could be impacted by any softness in Travel + Leisure’s sales of vacation ownership interests.

In connection with our 2018 spin-off (the “Spin-Off”) from Wyndham Worldwide, now known as Travel + Leisure Co. (“Travel + Leisure”), we entered into a number of agreements with Travel + Leisure that govern our ongoing relationship with Travel + Leisure. Our success depends, in part, on the maintenance of our ongoing relationship with Travel + Leisure, Travel + Leisure’s performance of its obligations under these agreements and continued strategic focus on sales of vacation ownership interests, including Travel + Leisure’s maintenance of the quality of products and services it sells under the “Wyndham” trademark and certain other trademarks and intellectual property that we license to Travel + Leisure. Under the License, Development and Noncompetition Agreement, Travel + Leisure pays us significant royalties and other fees based on the volume of Travel + Leisure’s sales of vacation ownership interests and other vacation products and services. If Travel + Leisure is unable to compete effectively for sales of vacation ownership interests, our royalty fees under such agreement could be adversely impacted. If we are unable to maintain a good relationship with Travel + Leisure, or if Travel + Leisure does not perform its obligations under these agreements, fails to maintain the quality of the products and services it sells under the “Wyndham” trademark and certain other trademarks or fails to pay such royalties, our earnings could decrease.

Risks Relating to Regulation and Technology

Our operations are subject to extensive regulation and the cost of compliance or failure to comply with regulations may adversely affect us.

Our operations are regulated by federal, state and local governments in the countries in which we operate. In addition, U.S. and international federal, state and local regulators may enact new laws and regulations that may reduce our profits or require us to modify our business practices substantially. If we are not in compliance with applicable laws and regulations, including, among others, those governing franchising, hotel operations, lending, information security, data protection and privacy (such as the General Data Protection Regulation, U.S. State privacy laws, the Personal Information Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China or similar laws or regulations), credit card security standards, marketing, including sales, consumer protection and advertising, unfair and deceptive trade practices, fraud, bribery and corruption, licensing, labor, employment, anti-discrimination, health care, health and safety, accessibility, immigration, gaming, environmental, intellectual property, securities, stock exchange listing, accounting, tax and regulations applicable under the Dodd-Frank Act, the Office of Foreign Assets Control, the Americans with Disabilities Act, the Sherman Act, the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and local equivalents in international jurisdictions, including the United Kingdom Bribery Act, we may be subject to regulatory investigations or actions, fines, civil and/or criminal penalties, injunctions and potential criminal prosecution. Changes to such laws and regulations and the cost of compliance or failure to comply with such regulations may adversely affect us.

Additionally, some jurisdictions are considering or have undertaken actions to regulate greenhouse gas emissions, energy efficiency, energy consumption reporting and green building codes. Such actions could affect the operation of our franchisees’ properties and result in increased capital expenditures, such as those used to improve the energy efficiency of properties. The cost of such governmental actions would depend upon the specific requirements and may impact our financial condition, results of operations or ability to compete.

Failure to maintain the security of personally identifiable and proprietary information, non-compliance with our contractual obligations regarding such information or a violation of our privacy and security policies with respect to such information could adversely affect us.

In connection with our business, we and our service providers collect, use and store large volumes of certain types of personal and proprietary information pertaining to guests, franchisees, stockholders and employees. Such information includes, but is not limited to, large volumes of guest credit and payment card information. We are at risk of attack by cybercriminals operating on a global basis attempting to gain access to such information. In connection with data security incidents involving a group of Wyndham brand hotels that occurred between 2008 and 2010, one of our subsidiaries is subject to a stipulated order with the U.S. Federal Trade Commission (the “FTC”), pursuant to which, among other things, it must meet certain requirements for reasonable data security as outlined in the stipulated order.

While we maintain what we believe are reasonable security controls over personal and proprietary information, a breach of or breakdown in our systems that results in the unauthorized release of personal or proprietary information could nevertheless occur and have a material adverse effect on our hotel brands, reputation, business, financial condition and results of operations, as well as subject us to significant fines, litigation, losses, third-party damages and other liabilities, or our subsidiary could fail to comply with the stipulated order with the FTC. We may face increased cybersecurity risks due to our increasing reliance on internet technology and the number of our employees who are working remotely, which may create additional opportunities for cybercriminals to exploit vulnerabilities. Cybercriminal “hacker” activity has increased in sophistication, duration and frequency since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic and poses additional risks.

Data breaches, viruses, ransomware, worms, malicious software, and other serious cyber incidents have increased globally, along with the methods, techniques and complexity of attacks, including efforts to discover and exploit any design flows, bugs or other security vulnerabilities. Additionally, continued geopolitical turmoil, including the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine, has heightened the risk of cyber-attacks. We have been, and likely will continue to be, subject to such cyber-attacks. Also, the same cyber security issues exist for the third parties with whom we interact and share information, and cyber-attacks on third parties which possess or use our customer, personnel and other information could adversely impact us in the same way as would a direct cyber-attack on us. Although we do not believe we have incurred any material adverse impact on our operations or financial results as a result of any present or recent cyber-attack, there is no guarantee that cyber-attacks have not gone generally undetected or without general recognition of magnitude or will not occur in the future, any of which could materially adversely affect our brands, reputation, consumer confidence in us, costs and profitability. In addition, the security measures we deploy are not perfect or impenetrable, and we may be unable to anticipate or prevent all unauthorized access attempts made on our systems or those of our third-party service providers.

Additionally, the legal and regulatory environment surrounding information security and privacy in the U.S. and international jurisdictions is constantly evolving, including recent developments and complexities with regard to requirements for the cross-border transfer of personal information due to emerging laws, regulations and judicial decisions (such as cross- border data transfer regulations issued by the People’s Republic of China authorities). Other jurisdictions may impose additional restrictions or requirements on cross-border transfers including limitations on transferring data beyond the originating country. Violation or non-compliance with any of these laws or regulations, contractual requirements relating to data security and privacy, or with our own privacy and security policies, either intentionally or unintentionally, or through the acts of intermediaries could have a material adverse effect on our hotel brands, reputation, business, financial condition and results of operations, as well as subject us to significant fines, litigation, losses, third-party damages and other liabilities. While we maintain cyber risk insurance, in the event of a significant security or data breach, this insurance may not cover all of the losses that we may suffer and may result in increased cost or impact the future availability of coverage.

We rely on information technologies and systems to operate our business, which involves reliance on third-party service providers and on uninterrupted operation of service facilities.

We rely on information technologies and systems to operate our business, which involves reliance on third-party service providers (including cloud-based service providers) such as Sabre Corporation and its SynXis Platform and uninterrupted operations of our and third-party service facilities, including those used for reservation systems, hotel/property management, communications, procurement, call centers, operation of our loyalty program and administrative systems. We and our vendors also maintain physical facilities to support these systems and related services. As a result, in addition to failures that occur from time to time in the ordinary course of business, we and our vendors may be vulnerable to system failures, computer hacking, cyber-terrorism, computer viruses and other intentional or unintentional interference, negligence, fraud, misuse and other unauthorized attempts to access or interfere with these systems and our personal and proprietary information. The increased scope and complexity of our information technology infrastructure and systems could contribute to the potential risk of security breaches or breakdown. Any natural disaster, disruption or other impairment in our technology capabilities and service facilities or those of our vendors could adversely affect our business. In addition, failure to keep pace with developments in technology could impair our operations or competitive position.

Risks Relating to Our Indebtedness and Tax Treatment

Changes in U.S. federal, state and local or foreign tax law, interpretations of existing tax law or adverse determinations by tax authorities could increase our tax burden or otherwise adversely affect our financial condition or results of operations.

We are subject to taxation at the federal, state and local levels in the U.S. and various other countries and jurisdictions. Our future effective tax rate and cash flows could be affected by changes in the composition of earnings in jurisdictions with differing tax rates, changes in statutory rates and other legislative changes, changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities, changes in determinations regarding the jurisdictions in which we are subject to tax and our ability to repatriate earnings from foreign jurisdictions. From time to time, U.S. federal, state and local and foreign governments make substantive changes to tax rules and their application, which could result in materially higher corporate taxes than would be incurred under existing tax law and could adversely affect our financial condition or results of operations. We are subject to ongoing and periodic tax audits and disputes in U.S. federal and various state, local and foreign jurisdictions. An unfavorable outcome from any tax audit could result in higher tax costs, penalties and interest, thereby adversely affecting our financial condition or results of operations.

In addition, we are directly and indirectly affected by new tax legislation and regulation and the interpretation of tax laws and regulations worldwide. Changes in such legislation, regulation or interpretation could increase our taxes and have an adverse effect on our operating results and financial condition. This includes potential changes in tax laws or the interpretation of tax laws arising out of the Base Erosion Profit Shifting project initiated by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (“OECD”). In July and October of 2021, the OECD/G-20 Inclusive Framework on BEPS released statements outlining a political agreement on the general rules to be adopted for taxing the digital economy, specifically with respect to nexus and profit allocation (Pillar One) and rules for a global minimum tax (Pillar Two). Preliminary agreement has been reached between OECD member jurisdictions on the global minimum tax (Pillar Two) directive. Further details regarding implementation of these rules are expected to be finalized in the near future. These rules, should they be implemented via domestic legislation of countries or via international treaties, could have a material impact on our effective tax rate or result in higher cash tax liabilities. There can be no assurance that our tax payments, tax credits or incentives will not be adversely affected by these or other initiatives.

We are subject to risks related to our debt, hedging transactions, our extension of credit and the cost and availability of capital.

As of December 31, 2022, we had aggregate outstanding debt of $2,077 million. We may incur additional indebtedness in the future, which may magnify the potential impacts of the risks related to our debt. Our debt instruments contain restrictions, covenants and events of default that, among other things, could limit our ability to respond to changing business and economic conditions; take advantage of business opportunities; incur or guarantee additional debt; pay dividends or make distributions or repurchases; make investments or acquisitions; sell, transfer or otherwise dispose of certain assets; create liens; consolidate or merge; enter into transactions with affiliates; and prepay and repurchase or redeem certain indebtedness. Failure to meet our payment obligations or comply with other financial covenants could result in a default and acceleration of the underlying debt and under other debt instruments that contain cross-default provisions.

In order to reduce or hedge our financial exposure to the effects of currency and interest rate fluctuations, we may use financial instruments, such as hedging transactions. Changes in interest rates may adversely affect our financing costs and/or change the market value of our hedging transactions. Any failure or non-performance of counterparties under our hedging transactions could result in losses. Changes in interest rates may also adversely change the market value of our hedging transactions and may adversely affect financing costs. While a significant portion of our debt is effectively at a fixed rate of interest and our nearest maturity is not until 2025, an increase in financing cost due to increased interest rates may hinder our efforts to expand our franchisee footprint, which could adversely affect our cash flows and business.

The London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) is expected to no longer be available after June 30, 2023 for the primary U.S. dollar LIBOR settings used by the Company. Our credit facility gives us the option to use LIBOR as a funding benchmark, but also allows us and the administrative agent to replace LIBOR with an alternative benchmark rate, subject to the right of the majority of the lenders to object thereto, as set forth in the credit facility. In April 2022, we amended our credit facility to change the applicable rate benchmark from LIBOR to Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) for our revolver and term loan A. Our term loan B is still based on LIBOR and will need to be modified by June 30, 2023. Our interest rate swaps are also based on the one-month U.S. dollar LIBOR. The International Swaps and Derivatives Association has issued terms that can be applied to determine the alternative reference rates under swap transactions and the timing of the switch to such alternatives.

There have been significant efforts by market participants and government and regulatory bodies in the U.S. and abroad to identify suitable replacement rates and develop processes for migration to the use of the alternatives. In the U.S., the Alternative Reference Rates Committee (“AARC”), a committee of private sector entities convened by the Federal Reserve Board and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, has recommended SOFR plus a recommended spread adjustment as LIBOR’s replacement. There are significant differences between LIBOR and SOFR, such as LIBOR being an unsecured lending rate while SOFR is a secured lending rate, and SOFR is an overnight rate while LIBOR reflects term rates at different maturities. If our LIBOR-based borrowings are converted to SOFR, as occurred in April 2022, the differences between LIBOR and SOFR, plus the recommended spread adjustment, could result in interest costs that are higher than if LIBOR remained available, which could have a material adverse effect on our operating results. Although SOFR is the ARRC’s recommended replacement rate, it is also possible that lenders may instead choose alternative replacement rates that may differ from LIBOR in ways similar to SOFR or in other ways that would result in higher interest costs for us.

In addition, we extend credit to assist franchisees in converting to, or building a new hotel under, one of our hotel brands through development advance notes and mezzanine or other forms of subordinated financing. The inability of franchisees to pay back such loans could materially and adversely affect our cash flows and business.

We may need to dedicate a significant portion of our cash flows to the payment of principal and interest. Our ability to obtain additional financing for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, debt service requirements or general corporate or other purposes may be limited, and we may be unable to renew or refinance our debt on terms as favorable as our existing debt or at all. Additionally, certain market liquidity factors, including uncertainty or volatility in the equity and credit markets, outside of our control could affect our access to credit and capital in the future and adversely impact our business plans and operating model. Our credit rating and the market value of our common stock could also be affected. While we believe we have adequate sources of liquidity to meet our anticipated requirements for working capital, debt service and capital expenditures for the foreseeable future, if we are unable to refinance or repay our outstanding debt when due, our results of operations and financial condition will be materially and adversely affected.

Changes to estimates or projections used to assess the fair value of our assets or operating results that are lower than our current estimates may cause us to incur additional impairment losses and require us to write-off all or a portion of the remaining value of our goodwill or other intangibles of companies we have acquired.

Our total assets include goodwill and other intangible assets. We evaluate our goodwill for impairment on an annual basis or at other times during the year if events or circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that the fair value is below the carrying value. We may be required to record significant non-cash impairment charges in our financial statements during the period in which any impairment of our goodwill, other intangible assets or other assets is determined, which would negatively impact our results of operations and stockholders’ equity.

Risks Relating to Litigation, Reputation and Insurance

We are subject to risks related to litigation.

We are subject to a number of disputes, claims, litigation and other legal proceedings as described in this report, and any unfavorable rulings or outcomes in current or future litigation and other legal proceedings may materially harm our business. For additional information, see our Commitments and Contingencies note (Note 15) in the notes to our financial statements.

We are subject to risks related to human trafficking allegations.

Our business, along with the hospitality industry generally, faces risk that could cause damage to our reputation and the value of our hotel brands due to claims related to purported incidents of human trafficking. Along with many of our competitors, we and/or certain of our subsidiaries have been named as defendants in litigation matters filed in state and federal courts (and incurred litigation-related fees and costs), alleging statutory and common law claims arising from purported incidents of human trafficking perpetrated by third parties at certain franchised facilities and hotels once managed by certain of our subsidiaries. For additional information, see our Commitments and Contingencies note (Note 15) in the notes to our financial statements.

The insurance we carry may not always pay, or be sufficient to pay or reimburse us, for our liabilities, losses or replacement costs.

We carry insurance for general liability, property, business interruption and other insurable risks with respect to our business and franchised hotels. We also self-insure for certain risks up to certain monetary limits. The insurance coverage we carry, subject to our deductible, may not be sufficient to pay or reimburse us for the amount of our liabilities, losses or replacement costs, and there may also be risks for which we do not obtain insurance in the full amount, or some amount, or at all concerning a potential loss or liability, due to the cost or availability of such insurance. As a result, we may incur liabilities or losses in the operation of our business that are not sufficiently covered by the insurance we maintain, or at all, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Risks Relating to Our Common Stock and Corporate Governance

The market price of our common stock may continue to fluctuate.

The market price for our common stock, and the market price of stock of other companies operating in the hospitality industry, has been highly volatile. For example, during the year ended December 31, 2022, the trading price of our common stock ranged between a low sales price of $58.81 and a high sales price of $93.86. The market price of our common stock may continue to fluctuate depending upon many factors, some of which may be beyond our control, including the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, our ability to achieve growth and performance objectives, the success or failure of our business strategy, general economic conditions, our quarterly or annual earnings and those of other companies in our industry, changes in financial estimates and recommendations by securities analysts, changes in laws and regulations, political instability, increased competition and changes affecting the travel industry and other events impacting our business. The stock market in general has experienced volatility that has often been unrelated to the operating performance of a particular company. These market fluctuations may adversely affect the trading price of our common stock.

Certain of our Directors and executive officers may have actual or potential conflicts of interest because of their ownership of Travel + Leisure equity or their current or former positions at Travel + Leisure.

Two of our Directors also serve on the Travel + Leisure Board and certain of our executive officers and non-employee Directors own shares of Travel + Leisure common stock because of their current or former positions with Travel + Leisure. This could create, or appear to create, potential conflicts of interest when our or Travel + Leisure’s management, officers and directors face decisions that could have different implications for us and Travel + Leisure.

We are subject to risks related to corporate social responsibility.

Our business, along with the hospitality industry generally, faces scrutiny related to environmental, social and governance activities and the risk of damage to our reputation and the value of our hotel brands if we fail to act responsibly or comply with regulatory requirements in a number of areas, such as safety and security, responsible tourism, environmental stewardship, supply chain management, climate change, diversity, equity and inclusion, philanthropy and support for local communities. In particular, our stakeholders (notably our customers, stockholders and team members) are increasingly interested in our approach to managing climate-related risks and opportunities (including, but not limited to, targets that keep global average temperature rise to no more than 1.5°C, measure Scope 3 franchisee emissions and expand participation in the Wyndham Green Certification program) and may directly impact our revenue.

Provisions in our corporate governance documents and Delaware law may prevent or delay an acquisition of our business, which could decrease the market price of our common stock.

Our corporate governance documents and Delaware law contain provisions that are intended to deter or delay coercive takeover practices and inadequate takeover bids, including requiring advance notice for stockholder proposals, placing limitations on convening stockholder meetings and authorizing our Board to issue one or more series of preferred stock. Additionally, Delaware law also imposes some restrictions on mergers and other business combinations between us and any holder of 15% or more of our outstanding common stock. These provisions may prevent or delay an acquisition that some stockholders may consider beneficial, which could decrease the market price of our common stock.

Our third amended and restated by-laws designate the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware as the sole and exclusive forum for certain types of actions and proceedings that may be initiated by our stockholders and the federal district courts of the United States as the exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action under the Securities Act, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our Directors or employees.

Our third amended and restated by-laws provide that, subject to limited exceptions, (1) the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware will be the sole and exclusive forum for derivative actions; claims related to a breach of a fiduciary duty, corporate law, our second amended and restated certificate of incorporation, as amended or our third amended and restated bylaws, as amended; or under the internal affairs doctrine; and (2) the federal district courts of the United States will be the exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause or causes of action arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, including all causes of action asserted against any defendant to such complaint. We believe these provisions may benefit us by providing increased consistency in the application of Delaware law and federal securities laws by chancellors and judges, as applicable, particularly experienced in resolving corporate disputes, efficient administration of cases on a more expedited schedule relative to other forums and protection against the burdens of multi-forum litigation. However, these choice of forum provisions may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or our current or former Directors, officers or employees, which may discourage such lawsuits. Alternatively, if a court were to find these provisions of our third amended and restated by-laws inapplicable or unenforceable with respect to one or more of the specified types of actions or proceedings, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such matters in other jurisdictions, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and result in a diversion of the time and resources of our management and Board.

We may not continue to pay dividends on, or effect repurchases of, our common stock, and the terms of our indebtedness could limit our ability to pay dividends on our common stock.

The declaration and payment of dividends and share repurchases are at the sole discretion of our Board and will depend on, among other things, our results of operations, cash requirements, financial condition, contractual restrictions under our indebtedness and other factors that our Board may deem relevant. Though we expect to make regular dividends, there can be no assurance that a payment of a dividend will occur in the future.

Risks Relating to the Spin-Off and Related Transactions

In connection with the Spin-Off and Travel + Leisure’s sale of its European vacation rentals business, we agreed to indemnify Travel + Leisure and Travel + Leisure agreed to indemnify us for certain liabilities, including taxes, and if we are required to perform under these indemnities or if Travel + Leisure is unable to satisfy its obligations under these indemnities, our financial results could be negatively affected.

In connection with the Spin-Off and Travel + Leisure’s sale of its European vacation rentals business, we agreed to indemnify Travel + Leisure and Travel + Leisure agreed to indemnify us for certain liabilities, including taxes, and if we are required to perform under these indemnities or if Travel + Leisure is unable to satisfy its obligations under these indemnities, our financial results could be negatively affected. Additionally, the contingent liabilities we assumed in connection with the Spin-Off and Travel + Leisure’s sale of its European vacation rentals business could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition as a result of our indemnification obligations. Should our indemnification obligations exceed applicable insurance coverage, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected. Additionally, the indemnities from Travel + Leisure may not be sufficient to protect us against the full amount of these and other liabilities. Third parties also could seek to hold us responsible for any of the liabilities that Travel + Leisure has agreed to assume. Even if we ultimately succeed in recovering from Travel + Leisure any amounts for which we are held liable, we may be temporarily required to bear those losses ourselves. Each of these risks could negatively affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

If the Spin-Off, together with certain related transactions, were to fail to qualify as a reorganization for U.S. federal income tax purposes under Sections 368(a)(1)(D) and 355 of the Code, then our stockholders, we and Travel + Leisure might be required to pay substantial U.S. federal income taxes.

The Spin-Off was conditioned upon Travel + Leisure’s receipt of opinions of its Spin-Off tax advisors to the effect that, subject to the assumptions and limitations described in the opinions, the Spin-Off, together with certain related transactions, would qualify as a reorganization for U.S. federal income tax purposes under Sections 368(a)(1)(D) and 355 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), in which no gain or loss would be recognized by Travel + Leisure or its stockholders, except, in the case of Travel + Leisure stockholders, for cash received in lieu of fractional shares, which opinions were delivered on the closing date of the Spin-Off. The opinions of the Spin-Off tax advisors are not binding on the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) or a court, and there can be no assurance that the IRS will not challenge the validity of the Spin-Off and such related transactions as a reorganization for U.S. federal income tax purposes under Sections 368(a)(1)(D) and 355 of the Code eligible for tax-free treatment, or that any such challenge ultimately will not prevail.

In addition, Travel + Leisure received certain rulings from the IRS regarding certain U.S. federal income tax aspects of transactions related to the Spin-Off. Although the IRS Ruling generally is binding on the IRS, the continued validity of the IRS Ruling is based upon and subject to the continuing accuracy of factual statements and representations made to the IRS by Travel + Leisure.

If the Spin-Off does not qualify as a tax-free transaction for any reason, including as a result of a breach of a representation or covenant with respect to such tax opinions or the IRS Ruling, Travel + Leisure would recognize a substantial gain attributable to our hotel business for U.S. federal income tax purposes. In such case, under U.S. Treasury regulations, each member of the Travel + Leisure consolidated group at the time of the Spin-Off, including us and certain of our subsidiaries, would be jointly and severally liable for the entire resulting amount of any U.S. federal income tax liability.

Our corporate headquarters is located in a leased office at 22 Sylvan Way, Parsippany, New Jersey, with the lease expiring in 2029. We also lease space for our reservation center and data warehouse in Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada pursuant to a lease that expires in 2029. In addition, we have an additional 11 leases for office space in 10 countries outside the United States and one additional lease within the United States. We will evaluate the need to renew each lease on a case-by-case basis prior to its expiration.

We believe our current leased properties are adequate to support our existing operations.

We are involved in various claims, legal and regulatory proceedings and governmental inquiries arising in the ordinary course of business, none of which, in the opinion of management, is expected to have a material adverse effect on our financial condition. See Note 15 - Commitments and Contingencies to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Part IV of this report for a description of claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of our business.

(Unless otherwise noted, all amounts are in millions, except share and per share amounts)

References herein to “Wyndham Hotels,” the “Company,” “we,” “our” and “us” refer to both (i) Wyndham Hotels & Resorts, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries for time periods following the consummation of the spin-off and (ii) the Wyndham Hotels & Resorts businesses for time periods prior to the consummation of our spin-off from Wyndham Worldwide (“former Parent”), now known as Travel + Leisure Co.

The Company is a leading global hotel franchisor, licensing its renowned hotel brands to hotel owners in over 95 countries around the world.

The Company operates in the following segments:

• Hotel Franchising — licenses our lodging brands and provides related services to third-party hotel owners and others.
• Hotel Management — provides hotel management services for full-service hotels.

The Consolidated Financial Statements presented herein have been prepared on a stand-alone basis. The Consolidated Financial Statements include the Company’s assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and cash flows and all entities in which it has a controlling financial interest.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Discussed below are our key operating statistics, consolidated results of operations and the results of operations for each of our reportable segments. The reportable segments presented below represent our operating segments for which discrete financial information is available and used on a regular basis by our chief operating decision maker to assess performance and to allocate resources. In identifying our reportable segments, we also consider the nature of services provided by our operating segments. Management evaluates the operating results of each of our reportable segments based upon net revenues and adjusted EBITDA. Adjusted EBITDA is defined as net income/(loss) excluding net interest expense, depreciation and amortization, early extinguishment of debt charges, impairment charges, restructuring and related charges, contract termination costs, transaction-related items (acquisition-, disposition- or separation-related), (gain)/loss on asset sales, foreign currency impacts of highly inflationary countries, stock-based compensation expense, income taxes and development advance notes amortization. We believe that adjusted EBITDA is a useful measure of performance for our segments and, when considered with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”) measures, gives a more complete understanding of our operating performance. We use this measure internally to assess operating performance, both absolutely and in comparison to other companies, and to make day to day operating decisions, including in the evaluation of selected compensation decisions. Adjusted EBITDA is not a recognized term under U.S. GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative to net income or other measures of financial performance or liquidity derived in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Our presentation of adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to similarly-titled measures used by other companies.

We generate royalties and franchise fees, management fees and other revenues from hotel franchising and hotel management activities, as well as fees from licensing our “Wyndham” trademark, certain other trademarks and intellectual property. In addition, pursuant to our franchise and management contracts with third-party hotel owners, we generate marketing, reservation and loyalty fee revenues and cost reimbursement revenues that over time are offset, respectively, by the marketing, reservation and loyalty costs and property operating costs that we incur.

OPERATING STATISTICS - 2022 VS. 2021

The table below presents our operating statistics for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. “Rooms” represent the number of hotel rooms at the end of the period which are either under franchise and/or management agreements, or are Company-owned (as of December 31, 2021), and properties under affiliation agreements for which we receive a fee for reservation and/or other services provided. “RevPAR” represents revenue per available room and is calculated by multiplying average occupancy rate by average daily rate. “Average royalty rate” represents the average royalty rate earned on our franchised properties and is calculated by dividing total royalties, excluding the impact of amortization of development advance notes, by total room revenues. These operating statistics are drivers of our revenues and therefore provide an enhanced understanding of our business. Refer to the section below for a discussion as to how these operating statistics affected our business for the periods presented.

(a) Excluding currency effects, international RevPAR increased 49% and global RevPAR increased 20%.

Rooms as of December 31, 2022 increased 4% compared to the prior year, reflecting 1% growth in the U.S. and 9% growth internationally. As expected, these increases included strong growth in both the higher RevPAR midscale and above segments in the U.S. and the direct franchising business in China, which grew 4% and 10%, respectively, as well as 80 basis points of growth globally and 200 basis points internationally from the acquisition of the Vienna House brand in September 2022.

Excluding currency effects, global RevPAR for the year ended December 31, 2022 increased 20%, compared to the prior year, including U.S. growth of 12% and international growth of 49%. The increases were primarily driven by stronger pricing power and COVID-19 recovery internationally.

Global average royalty rate for the year ended December 31, 2022 decreased by 20 basis points to 3.9%, compared to the prior year due to mix as both international RevPAR and net room growth outpaced the U.S., with the RevPAR growth primarily the result of COVID-19 recovering more slowly internationally than it did in the U.S.

YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2022 VS. YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2021

Net revenues during 2022 decreased by $67 million, or 4%, compared to the prior year, primarily driven by:

• $261 million of lower revenues associated with our select-service management and owned hotel businesses which were exited in the first half of 2022 (which $186 million represented cost-reimbursement revenues that have no impact on net income); partially offset by
• $76 million of higher marketing, reservation and loyalty fees reflecting a 16% increase in global RevPAR;
• $65 million of higher royalty and franchise fees due to the RevPAR increase;
• $21 million of higher license and other fees resulting from higher travel demand associated with the COVID-19 recovery;
• $20 million of higher other revenues primarily due to favorable co-branded credit card activity; and
• $10 million of higher cost-reimbursement revenues related to the COVID-19 recovery in our full-service managed properties that have no impact on net income.

Total expenses during 2022, decreased $179 million, or 16%, compared to the prior year, primarily driven by:

• $267 million of lower expenses associated with our select-service management and owned hotel businesses, which were exited in the first half of 2022 (which $186 million represented cost-reimbursement expenses as discussed above); and
• a $35 million gain related to the sale our owned hotel Wyndham Grand Bonnet Creek Resort in March 2022; partially offset by
• $81 million of higher marketing, reservation and loyalty expenses primarily as a result of the increase in marketing revenue;
• $14 million of higher variable expenses primarily associated with the improvement in travel demand due to the COVID-19 recovery;
• $13 million of higher costs primarily due to inflation, as expected; and
• $10 million of higher cost-reimbursement expenses related to COVID-19 recovery in our full-service managed properties.

Interest expense, net during 2022 decreased $13 million, or 14%, compared to the prior year as a result of the redemption of our $500 million senior notes in April 2021 and an increase in interest income.

Early extinguishment of debt of $2 million in 2022 relates to the amendment of our credit agreement and $400 million partial pay down of our term loan B, while the $18 million in 2021 relates to the redemption of our $500 million senior notes.

Our effective tax rate decreased to 25.4% in 2022 from 27.2% in 2021. The change was primarily related to the release of valuation allowances for net operating loss carryforwards, which was partially offset by an additional valuation allowance for certain foreign tax credits generated during the year.

As a result of these items, net income during 2022, increased $111 million compared to the prior year.

A reconciliation of net income to adjusted EBITDA is represented below:

Following is a discussion of the results of each of our segments and Corporate and Other for 2022 compared to 2021:

Hotel Franchising

(a) Excluding currency effects, international RevPAR increased 49% and global RevPAR increased 22%.

Rooms increased 7% from the prior year period reflecting:

• Organic growth of 4%;
• The conversion of managed properties to franchise in connection with the exit of our select-service management business and the sales of our two owned hotels, which resulted in 270 basis points of growth; and
• The acquisition of the Vienna House brand in the third quarter of 2022, which resulted in 80 basis points of growth.

Excluding currency effects, global RevPAR increased 22% from the prior year period due to a 14% increase in the U.S. and a 49% increase internationally, both driven by stronger pricing power.

Net revenues during 2022 increased $178 million, or 16% compared to the prior year, primarily driven by:

• $60 million of higher royalty and franchise fees reflecting the RevPAR increase;
• $76 million of higher marketing, reservation and loyalty revenues also reflecting the RevPAR increase;
• $21 million of higher other revenues primarily due to favorable co-branded credit card activity; and
• $21 million of higher license and other fees due to strong travel demand associated with the COVID-19 recovery.

Adjusted EBITDA during 2022 increased $87 million, or 15%, compared to the prior year, driven by the revenue increases discussed above, partially offset by;

• $81 million of higher marketing, reservation and loyalty expenses primarily as a result of the increase in marketing revenues;
• $8 million of higher costs primarily reflecting variable expenses associated with the improvement in travel demand due to the COVID-19 recovery; and
• $5 million of higher costs due to inflation, as expected.

Hotel Management

(a) Excluding currency effects, international RevPAR increased 50% and global RevPAR increased 23%.

Rooms declined 62% from the prior year period, driven by the conversion of managed properties to franchise in connection with the exit of our select-service management business and the sale of our two owned hotels.

Excluding currency effects, global RevPAR increased 23% from the prior year period primarily due to the impact from the exit of our select-service hotel management business.

Net revenues during 2022 decreased $245 million, or 53%, compared to the prior year, primarily driven by:

• $261 million of lower revenues associated with our select-service management and owned hotel businesses which we exited in the first half of 2022 and, of which $186 million represented cost-reimbursement revenues, that have no impact on adjusted EBITDA; partially offset by
• $10 million of higher cost-reimbursement revenues related to our full-service managed properties; and
• $4 million of higher royalty, management and other fees.

Adjusted EBITDA during 2022 decreased $20 million, or 35%, compared to the prior year primarily driven by the revenue decreases discussed above (excluding cost reimbursements), partially offset by $56 million of lower expenses associated with the exit from our select-service hotel management business and owned hotel businesses.

Corporate and Other

Adjusted EBITDA during 2022 was unfavorable by $7 million compared to the prior year primarily due to inflationary cost pressures, as expected.

OPERATING STATISTICS - 2021 VS. 2020

The table below presents our operating statistics for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020. “Rooms” represent the number of hotel rooms at the end of the period which are either under franchise and/or management agreements, or are Company-owned, and properties under affiliation agreements for which we receive a fee for reservation and/or other services provided. “RevPAR” represents revenue per available room and is calculated by multiplying average occupancy rate by average daily rate. “Average royalty rate” represents the average royalty rate earned on our franchised properties and is calculated by dividing total royalties, excluding the impact of amortization of development advance notes, by total room revenues. These operating statistics are drivers of our revenues and therefore provide an enhanced understanding of our business. Refer to the section below for a discussion as to how these operating statistics affected our business for the periods presented.

(a) Excluding currency effects, international RevPAR increased 36% and global RevPAR increased 46%.

Rooms as of December 31, 2021 increased 2% compared to the prior year. As expected, we experienced strong growth in the higher RevPAR midscale and above chain scales in the U.S., increasing system size by 5%, as well as strong growth in the direct franchising business in China, which grew 15%.

Global RevPAR for the year ended December 31, 2021 increased 47% to $35.95, compared to the prior year due to the ongoing recovery in travel demand. Global RevPAR recovered to 88% of 2019 levels on an annual and constant currency basis, including domestic and international RevPAR at 97% and 67%, respectively, of 2019 levels.

Global average royalty rate for the year ended December 31, 2021 increased 3% to 4.1%, compared to the prior year.

YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2021 VS. YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020

Net revenues during 2021 increased $265 million, or 20%, compared to the prior year, primarily driven by:

• $133 million of higher royalty and franchise fees reflecting a 47% increase in global RevPAR due to the ongoing recovery in travel demand and a 2% increase in system size;
• $98 million of higher marketing, reservation and loyalty fee primarily due to the RevPAR increase;
• $53 million of higher management and other fees due to the ongoing recovery in travel demand; partially offset by
• $30 million of lower cost-reimbursement revenues in our hotel management business as a result of CorePoint Lodging asset sales.

Total expenses during 2021, decreased $227 million, or 17%, compared to the prior year, primarily driven by:

• $200 million of lower impairment charges, driven by the absence of $206 million of impairment charges during 2020, partially offset by a $6 million impairment charge in 2021 resulting from our Board’s approval of a plan to sell our two owned hotels;
• $34 million of lower restructuring charges due to the absence of cost saving initiatives implemented in 2020 in response to COVID-19;
• $30 million of lower cost-reimbursement expenses consistent with the revenue decline discussed above;
• $12 million of lower transaction-related expenses; partially offset by
• $31 million of higher marketing, reservation and loyalty expenses primarily due to the ongoing recovery in travel demand; and
• $23 million of higher operating expenses primarily associated with the recovery in travel demand at our owned hotels.

Interest expense, net during 2021 decreased $19 million, or 17%, compared to the prior year and early extinguishment of debt was $18 million in 2021 as a result of the redemption of our $500 million 5.375% senior notes in April 2021.

Our effective tax rate increased to 27.2% on pre-tax income from 16.5% on pre-tax loss during 2021 and 2020, respectively. The change was primarily related to valuation allowances for certain tax attributes and impact of foreign taxes, including withholding taxes on international operations. In 2020, we had goodwill impairment charges that were nondeductible for tax purposes which decreased the effective tax rate.

As a result of these items, net income during 2021, increased $376 million compared to the prior year.

A reconciliation of net income/(loss) to adjusted EBITDA is represented below:

(a) Adjusted EBITDA for 2020 has been recasted to conform with the current year presentation.

Following is a discussion of the results of each of our segments and Corporate and Other for 2021 compared to 2020:

(a) Adjusted EBITDA for 2020 has been recasted to conform with the current year presentation.

Hotel Franchising

(a) Excluding currency effects, international RevPAR increased 37% and global RevPAR increased 46%.

Net revenues during 2021 increased $236 million, or 27% compared to the prior year, primarily driven by:

• $127 million of higher royalty and franchise fees driven by the ongoing recovery in travel demand, its impact on global RevPAR and increase in our system size; and
• $98 million of higher marketing, reservation and loyalty revenues, driven by the ongoing recovery in travel demand.

Adjusted EBITDA during 2021 increased $200 million, or 51%, compared to the prior year, driven by revenue increases discussed above, partially offset by $36 million of higher expenses primarily due to higher marketing, reservation and loyalty expense and other volume-related expenses.

Hotel Management

(a) Excluding currency effects, international RevPAR increased 30% and global RevPAR increased 55%.

Net revenues during 2021 increased $29 million, or 7%, compared to the prior year, primarily driven by:

• $45 million of higher owned hotel revenues due to the ongoing recovery in travel demand;
• $8 million of higher management fees due to the ongoing recovery in travel demand; and
• $4 million of higher termination fees primarily related to CorePoint asset sales; partially offset by
• $30 million of lower cost-reimbursement revenues as discussed above, which have no impact on adjusted EBITDA.

Adjusted EBITDA during 2021 increased $44 million, or 338%, compared to the prior year, primarily driven by the higher owned hotel revenues discussed above, partially offset by higher volume-related expenses primarily related to our owned hotels.

Corporate and Other

Adjusted EBITDA during 2021 was favorable by $10 million compared to the prior year, primarily due to lower general and administrative costs.

SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

The following selected historical consolidated statement of income/(loss) data for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 and the selected historical consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 are derived from the audited Consolidated Financial Statements of Wyndham Hotels & Resorts included elsewhere in this report. The selected historical consolidated and combined statement of income/(loss) data for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 and the selected historical consolidated and combined balance sheet data as of December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 are derived from audited consolidated and combined financial statements of Wyndham Hotels & Resorts businesses that are not included in this report.

The selected historical consolidated and combined financial data below should be read together with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements of Wyndham Hotels & Resorts, including the notes thereto and the other financial information included elsewhere in this report.

Table of Content

($ in millions, except per share amounts and RevPAR)

(a) In May 2018, we acquired La Quinta Holdings’ hotel franchise and hotel-management business, spanning a portfolio of over 900 La Quinta-branded hotels.

(b) Reflects the impact of the adoption of the new accounting standard in 2020 for the measurement of credit losses on financial instruments and the 2019 accounting standard for lease accounting.

(c) “Adjusted EBITDA” is defined as net income/(loss) excluding net interest expense, depreciation and amortization, early extinguishment of debt charges, impairment charges, restructuring and related charges, contract termination costs, transaction-related items (acquisition-, disposition- or separation-related), (gain)/loss on asset sales, foreign currency impacts of highly inflationary countries, stock-based compensation expense, income taxes and development advance notes amortization. We believe that adjusted EBITDA is a useful measure of performance for our segments which, when considered with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”) measures, allows a more complete understanding of our operating performance. We use this measure internally to assess operating performance, both absolutely and in comparison to other companies, and to make day to day operating decisions, including in the evaluation of selected compensation decisions. Our presentation of adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to similarly-titled measures used by other companies. During the first quarter of 2021, the Company modified the definition of adjusted EBITDA to exclude the amortization of development advance notes to reflect how the Company’s chief operating decision maker reviews operating performance beginning in 2021. The Company has applied the modified definition of adjusted EBITDA to all periods presented.

(d) Corporate and Other reflects unallocated corporate costs that are not attributable to an operating segment.

(e) The reconciliation of net income/(loss) to adjusted EBITDA is as follows:

(in millions)

(a) Adjusted EBITDA has been recasted to conform with the current year presentation. Amounts may not foot due to rounding.

(f) Represents the number of hotels at the end of the period.

(g) Represents the number of rooms at the end of the period which are (i) either under franchise and/or management agreements and (ii) properties under affiliation agreements for which the Company receives a fee for reservation and/or other services provided.

(h) Represents revenue per available room and is calculated by multiplying the average occupancy rate by the average daily rate.

(i) Represents the average royalty rate earned on our franchised properties and is calculated by dividing total royalties, excluding the impact of amortization of development advance notes, by total room revenues.

In presenting the financial data above in conformity with U.S. GAAP, we are required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations–Financial Condition, Liquidity and Capital Resources–Critical Accounting Policies,” for a detailed discussion of the accounting policies that we believe require subjective and complex judgments that could potentially affect reported results.

DEVELOPMENT

We awarded 882 new contracts this year, a 35% increase compared to the 655 contracts we awarded during 2021. As of December 31, 2022, our global development pipeline consisted of over 1,700 hotels and approximately 219,000 rooms, of which approximately 73% is in the midscale and above segments (56% in the U.S.). Our pipeline grew 12% compared to 2021, including 34% growth in the U.S. As of December 31, 2022, approximately 60% of our development pipeline was international and over 80% was new construction, of which approximately 36% had broken ground. The pipeline includes 170 new contracts awarded for the Company's ECHO Suites Extended Stay by Wyndham brand since its launch in March 2022.

RESTRUCTURING

During 2020, we incurred $34 million of charges related to restructuring initiatives implemented in response to COVID-19. These initiatives resulted in a reduction of 846 employees and were comprised primarily of employee separation and facility closure costs. In addition, during 2019, we implemented restructuring initiatives, primarily focused on enhancing our organizational efficiency and rationalizing our operations. During 2020, we paid $30 million in restructuring payments relating to our 2019 and 2020 plans. As of December 31, 2020, we had a $10 million liability related to our 2020 restructuring plans which was paid in 2021.

For a comparative review of the consolidated results of operations of our Company and reportable segments for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, refer to Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 16, 2022.

FINANCIAL CONDITION, LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Financial Condition

Total assets decreased $146 million from December 31, 2021 to December 31, 2022 primarily due to a $154 million reduction in assets held for sale due to the completion of the sales of our two owned hotels and an $84 million reduction in intangible assets related to the exit of our select-service management business, both of which occurred in the first half of 2022. Such reductions were partially offset by a $53 million increase in the value of our interest rate swaps and a $44 million increase to intangible assets related to the Vienna House acquisition. Total liabilities decreased $19 million year-over-year primarily due to a reduction in liabilities held for sale as a result of the owned hotel sales. Total equity decreased $127 million year-over-year primarily due to $445 million of stock repurchases and $116 million of dividend payments, partially offset by the net income we generated in the year and a $53 million increase in accumulated other comprehensive income primarily associated with the increase in the value of our interest rate swaps.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Historically, our business generates sufficient cash flow to not only support our current operations as well as our future growth needs and dividend payments to our stockholders, but also to create additional value for our stockholders in the form of share repurchases and business investment.

As of December 31, 2022, our liquidity approximated $900 million. Given the minimal capital needs and flexible cost structure of our business, we believe that our existing cash, cash equivalents, cash generated through operations and our expected access to financing facilities, together with funding through our revolving credit facility, will be sufficient to fund our operating activities, anticipated capital expenditures and growth needs.

In April 2022, we amended our $750 million revolving credit facility, extending the maturity from May 2023 to April 2027 on similar terms as the previous facility, and issued a new $400 million senior secured term loan A facility, which matures in April 2027. The proceeds from the term loan A were used to repay a portion of our $1.6 billion term loan B facility, which is scheduled to mature in May 2025. There was no increase in rates from the $1.6 billion term loan B facility to the new term loan A.

As of December 31, 2022, we were in compliance with the financial covenants of our credit agreement and expect to remain in such compliance. As of December 31, 2022, we had a term loan B with a principal outstanding balance of $1.1 billion maturing in 2025, a term loan A with a principal outstanding balance of $400 million maturing in 2027 and a five-year revolving credit facility maturing in 2027 with a maximum aggregate principal amount of $750 million, of which none was outstanding and $9 million was allocated to outstanding letters of credit.

The interest rate per annum applicable to our term loan B is equal to, at our option, either a base rate plus a margin of 0.75% or LIBOR plus a margin of 1.75%. Our revolving credit facility and term loan A are subject to an interest rate per annum equal to, at our option, either a base rate plus a margin ranging from 0.50% to 1.00% or the Secured Overnight Funding Rate (“SOFR”) plus a 0.10% SOFR adjustment, plus a margin ranging from 1.50% to 2.00%, in either case based upon the total leverage ratio of the Company and its restricted subsidiaries.

As of December 31, 2022, $1.1 billion of our term loan B is hedged with pay-fixed/receive-variable interest rate swaps hedging our term loan interest rate exposure. The aggregate fair value of these interest rate swaps was a $53 million asset as of December 31, 2022.

The Federal Reserve has established the Alternative Reference Rates Committee to identify alternative reference rates for when the U.S. dollar LIBOR ceases to exist after June 2023. Our credit facility, as amended in April 2022, includes our revolving credit facility and term loans A and B. The revolver and term loan A are both based on SOFR. For the pre-existing term loan B, the credit facility gives us the option to use LIBOR as a base rate and our interest rate swaps are based on the one-month U.S. dollar LIBOR rate. In the event that LIBOR is no longer published, the credit facility allows us and the administrative agent of the facility to replace LIBOR with an alternative benchmark rate, subject to the right of the majority of the lenders to object thereto. In addition, the International Swaps and Derivatives Association issued protocols to allow swap parties to amend their existing contracts, though our existing swaps will continue to reference LIBOR for the foreseeable future.

As of December 31, 2022, our credit rating was Ba1 from Moody’s Investors Service and BB+ from Standard and Poor’s Rating Agency. A credit rating is not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold securities and is subject to revision or withdrawal by the assigning rating organization. Reference in this report to any such credit rating is intended for the limited purpose of discussing or referring to aspects of our liquidity and of our costs of funds. Any reference to a credit rating is not intended to be any guarantee or assurance of, nor should there be any undue reliance upon, any credit rating or change in credit rating, nor is any such reference intended as any inference concerning future performance, future liquidity or any future credit rating.

Our liquidity and access to capital may be impacted by our credit ratings, financial performance and global credit market conditions. We believe that our existing cash, cash equivalents, cash generated through operations and our expected access to financing facilities, together with funding through our revolving credit facility, will be sufficient to fund our operating activities, anticipated capital expenditures and growth needs.

CASH FLOW

The following table summarizes the changes in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020:

During 2022, net cash provided by operating activities decreased $27 million compared to the prior year primarily due to higher development advances provided to franchisees in support of system growth, as well as the impact from the sale of our two owned hotels and the exit of our select-service management business and lower cash collected from 2020 COVID-19 related fee deferrals. Net cash provided by investing activities increased $213 million compared to the prior year, primarily due to the proceeds from the sales of our two owned hotels and the termination fee received from CorePoint Lodging associated with the exit of our select-service management business, partially offset by $44 million of cash used for the acquisition of the Vienna House brand. Net cash used in financing activities decreased $129 million compared to the prior year primarily due to the absence of cash used for the redemption of our $500 million 5.375% senior unsecured notes in 2021, partially offset by a $341 million increase in stock repurchases and a $34 million increase in dividend payments.

During 2021, net cash provided by operating activities increased $359 million compared to the prior year primarily due to higher net income (excluding non-cash impairments and depreciation expense) in 2021 as well as favorable collections experience, including collection of fee deferrals related to COVID-19 and working capital management, partially offset by $14 million of higher net payments for development advance notes. Net cash used in investing activities increased $3 million compared to the prior year, primarily due to higher property and equipment additions. Net cash used in financing activities increased $1.1 billion compared to the prior year. This change reflects borrowing activities in 2020 out of an abundance of caution in connection with the pandemic and repayment activities in 2021 as our business began to experience recovery.

Specifically, in 2020, we issued $500 million of 4.375% senior unsecured notes; while in 2021, we redeemed $500 million of higher-cost, nearer maturity debt effectively replacing it with the August 2020 issuance of lower-cost, longer maturity debt.

Capital Deployment

Our first priority is to invest in the business. This includes deploying capital to attract high quality assets into our system, investing in select technology improvements across our business that further our strategic objectives and competitive position, brand refresh programs to improve quality and protect brand equity, business acquisitions that are accretive and strategically enhancing to our business, and/or other strategic initiatives. We also expect to maintain a regular dividend payment. Excess cash generated beyond these needs is expected to be available for enhanced stockholder return in the form of stock repurchases or potential acquisitions from time to time.

During 2022, we spent $39 million on capital expenditures, primarily related to information technology, including digital innovation. During 2023, we anticipate spending approximately $35 million on capital expenditures.

In addition, during 2022, we spent $48 million, net of repayments, on development advance notes. During 2023, we anticipate spending approximately $60 million on development advance notes. We may also provide other forms of financial support such as enhanced credit support to further assist in the growth of our business.

We expect all our cash needs to be funded from cash on hand and cash generated through operations, and/or availability under our revolving credit facility and, if needed and available, new debt incurrence.

Contractual Obligations

Material contractual obligations arising in the normal course of business primarily consist of long-term debt and related interest payments, purchase commitments and lease payments. See Note 13 - Long-Term Debt and Borrowing Arrangements and Note 20 - Leases to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Part IV of this report for more information. As of December 31, 2022, we had future long-term interest payment obligations of approximately $337 million of which $94 million is payable within twelve months. We have purchase commitments primarily consisting of non-cancelable obligations for marketing and technology related services. As of December 31, 2022, we had purchase commitments of $140 million of which $57 million is payable within twelve months.

Stock Repurchase Program

In May 2018, our Board approved a share repurchase plan pursuant to which we were authorized to purchase up to $300 million of our common stock. In August 2019, the Board increased the capacity of the program by $300 million. Our Board increased the capacity of the program by $400 million in February 2022 and an additional $400 million in October 2022. Under the plan, we may, from time to time, purchase our common stock through various means, including, without limitation, open market transactions, privately negotiated transactions or tender offers, subject to the terms of the tax matters agreement entered into in connection with our spin-off.

Under our current stock repurchase program, we repurchased approximately 6.2 million shares at an average price of $71.70 per share for a cost of $445 million during 2022. Since inception, we repurchased 15.2 million shares at an average price of $63.32 per share for a cost of $964 million. As of December 31, 2022, we had $436 million of remaining availability under our program.

Dividend Policy

We declared cash dividends of $0.32 per share in each of the first, second, third and fourth quarters of 2022 ($116 million in aggregate), which is consistent with our pre-pandemic quarterly dividend per share. In February 2023, the Board approved an increase in the quarterly cash dividend to $0.35 per share.

The declaration and payment of future dividends to holders of our common stock is at the discretion of our Board and depends upon many factors, including our financial condition, earnings, capital requirements of our business, covenants associated with certain debt obligations, legal requirements, regulatory constraints, industry practice and other factors that our Board deems relevant.

Foreign Earnings

Although the one-time mandatory deemed repatriation tax during 2017 and the territorial tax system created as a result of U.S. tax reform generally eliminate U.S. federal income taxes on dividends from foreign subsidiaries, we continue to assert that all of our undistributed foreign earnings of $48 million will be reinvested indefinitely as of December 31, 2022. In the event the Company determines not to continue to assert that all or part of its undistributed foreign earnings are permanently reinvested, such a determination in the future could result in the accrual and payment of additional foreign withholding taxes and U.S. taxes on currency transaction gains and losses, the determination of which is not practicable due to the complexities associated with the hypothetical calculation.

LONG-TERM DEBT COVENANTS

Our credit facilities contain customary covenants that, among other things, impose limitations on indebtedness; liens; mergers, consolidations, liquidations and dissolutions; dispositions, restricted debt payments, restricted payments and transactions with affiliates. Events of default in these credit facilities include, among others, failure to pay interest, principal and fees when due; breach of a covenant or warranty; acceleration of or failure to pay other debt in excess of a threshold amount; unpaid judgments in excess of a threshold amount, insolvency matters; and a change of control. The credit facilities require us to comply with a financial covenant to be tested quarterly, consisting of a maximum first-lien leverage ratio of 5.0 times. The ratio is calculated by dividing consolidated first lien indebtedness (as defined in the credit agreement) net of consolidated unrestricted cash as of the measurement date by consolidated EBITDA (as defined in the credit agreement), as measured on a trailing four-fiscal-quarter basis preceding the measurement date. As of December 31, 2022, our first-lien leverage ratio was 2.2 times.

The indenture, as supplemented, under which the senior notes due 2028 were issued, contains covenants that limit, among other things, our ability and that of certain of our subsidiaries to (i) create liens on certain assets; (ii) enter into sale and leaseback transactions; and (iii) merge, consolidate or sell all or substantially all of our assets. These covenants are subject to a number of important exceptions and qualifications.

As of December 31, 2022, we were in compliance with the financial covenants described above.

SEASONALITY

While the hotel industry is seasonal in nature, periods of higher revenues vary property-by-property and performance is dependent on location and guest base. Based on historical performance, revenues from franchise and management contracts are generally higher in the second and third quarters than in the first or fourth quarters due to increased leisure travel during the spring and summer months. Our cash from operating activities may not necessarily follow the same seasonality as our revenues and may vary due to timing of working capital requirements and other investment activities. The seasonality of our business may cause fluctuations in our quarterly operating results, earnings, profit margins and cash flows. As we expand into new markets and geographical locations, we may experience increased or different seasonality dynamics that create fluctuations in operating results different from the fluctuations we have experienced in the past.

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

We are involved in claims, legal and regulatory proceedings and governmental inquiries related to our business. Litigation is inherently unpredictable and, although we believe that our accruals are adequate and/or that we have valid defenses in these matters, unfavorable results could occur. As such, an adverse outcome from such proceedings for which claims are awarded in excess of the amounts accrued, if any, could be material to us with respect to earnings and/or cash flows in any given reporting period. As of December 31, 2022, the potential exposure resulting from adverse outcomes of such legal proceedings could, in the aggregate, range up to approximately $3 million in excess of recorded accruals. However, we do not believe that the impact of such litigation should result in a material liability to us in relation to our financial position or liquidity. For a more detailed description of our commitments and contingencies see Note 15 - Commitments and Contingencies to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Part IV of this report.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES AND POLICIES

In presenting our financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP, we are required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported therein. Several of the estimates and assumptions we are required to make relate to matters that are inherently uncertain as they pertain to future events. However, events that are outside of our control cannot be predicted and, as such, they cannot be contemplated in evaluating such estimates and assumptions. If there is a significant unfavorable change to current conditions, it could result in a material impact to our consolidated results of operations, financial position and liquidity. We believe that the estimates and assumptions we used when preparing our financial statements were the most appropriate at that time. Presented below are those accounting policies that we believe require subjective and complex judgments that could potentially affect reported results. However, the majority of our business activities are in environments where we are paid a fee for a service performed, and therefore the results of the majority of our recurring operations are recorded in our financial statements using accounting policies that are not particularly subjective, nor complex.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Goodwill is reviewed annually (during the fourth quarter of each year subsequent to completing our annual forecasting process), or more frequently if circumstances indicate that the value of goodwill may be impaired, to the reporting units’ carrying values as required by the guidance. This is done either by performing a qualitative assessment or utilizing the one-step impairment test, with an impairment being recognized only where the fair value is less than carrying value. In any given year, we can elect to perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is in excess of its carrying value. If it is not more likely than not that the fair value is in excess of the carrying value, or we elect to bypass the qualitative assessment, we would use the one-step impairment test. The qualitative factors evaluated include macroeconomic conditions, industry and market considerations, cost factors, overall financial performance, our historical share price as well as other industry-specific considerations.

We also determine whether the carrying values of other indefinite-lived intangible assets are impaired on an annual basis or more frequently if indicators of potential impairment exist. Application of the other indefinite-lived intangible assets impairment test requires judgment in the assumptions underlying the approach used to determine fair value. The fair value of each other indefinite-lived intangible asset is estimated using a discounted cash flow methodology. This analysis requires significant judgments, including estimation of future cash flows, which are dependent on internal forecasts, discount rates and to a lesser extent, estimation of long-term rates of growth. The estimates used to calculate the fair value of other indefinite-lived intangible assets change from year to year based on operating results and market conditions. Changes in these estimates and assumptions could materially affect the determination of fair value and the other indefinite-lived intangible assets’ impairment.

We also evaluate the recoverability of each of our definite-lived intangible assets by performing a qualitative assessment to determine if circumstances indicate that impairment may have occurred. If such circumstances exist, we perform a quantitative assessment by comparing the respective carrying value of the assets to the expected future cash flows, on an undiscounted basis, to be generated from such assets.

We also evaluate the recoverability of our other long-lived assets, including property and equipment, if circumstances indicate impairment may have occurred, pursuant to guidance for impairment or disposal of long-lived assets. This analysis is performed by comparing the respective carrying values of the assets to the current and expected future cash flows, on an undiscounted basis, to be generated from such assets. Property and equipment is evaluated separately within each segment. If such analysis indicates that the carrying value of these assets is not recoverable, the carrying value of such assets is reduced to fair value.

Loyalty Program

We operate the Wyndham Rewards loyalty program. Wyndham Rewards members primarily accumulate points by staying in hotels operated under one of our brands. Wyndham Rewards members may also accumulate points by purchasing everyday services and products with their Wyndham Rewards co-branded credit card.

We earn revenue from these programs (i) when a member stays at a participating hotel or club resort or vacation rental from a fee charged by us to the property owner or manager, which is based upon a percentage of room revenues generated from such stay which we recognize, net of redemptions, over time based upon loyalty point redemption patterns, including an estimate of loyalty points that will expire or will never be redeemed, and (ii) based upon a percentage of the member’s spending on the Wyndham Rewards co-branded credit cards for which revenues are paid to us by a third-party issuing bank which we primarily recognize over time based upon the redemption patterns of the loyalty points earned under the program, including an estimate of loyalty points that will expire or will never be redeemed.

As members earn points through the Wyndham Rewards loyalty program, we record a liability for the estimated future redemption costs, which is calculated based on (i) an estimated cost per point and (ii) an estimated redemption rate of the overall points earned, which is determined with the assistance of a third-party actuarial firm through historical experience, current trends and the use of an actuarial analysis.

Income Taxes

We recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and the tax basis of assets and liabilities using currently enacted tax rates. We regularly review our deferred tax assets to assess their potential realization and establish a valuation allowance for portions of such assets that we believe will not be ultimately realized. In performing this review, we make estimates and assumptions regarding projected future taxable income, the expected timing of the reversals of existing temporary differences and the implementation of tax planning strategies. A change in these assumptions may increase or decrease our valuation allowance resulting in an increase or decrease in our effective tax rate, which could materially impact our results of operations.

For tax positions we have taken or expect to take in our tax return, we apply a more likely than not threshold, under which we must conclude a tax position is more likely than not to be sustained, assuming that the position will be examined by the appropriate taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information, in order to recognize or continue to recognize the benefit. In determining our provision for income taxes, we use judgment, reflecting our estimates and assumptions, in applying the more likely than not threshold.

RECENTLY ADOPTED AND NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

For a detailed description of recently adopted and new accounting pronouncements see Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Part IV of this report.

OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS

There were no off-balance sheet transactions, arrangements or other relationships with unconsolidated entities or other persons in 2022, 2021 and 2020 that have, or are reasonably likely to have, a current or future effect on our financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.

We use various financial instruments, including interest swap contracts, to reduce the interest rate risk related to our debt. We also use foreign currency forwards to manage and reduce the foreign currency exchange rate risk associated with our foreign currency denominated receivables and payables, forecasted royalties, forecasted earnings and cash flows of foreign subsidiaries and other transactions.

We are exclusively an end user of these instruments, which are commonly referred to as derivatives. We do not engage in trading, market making or other speculative activities in the derivatives markets. More detailed information about these financial instruments is provided in Note 14 - Fair Value to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Part IV of this report. Our principal market exposures are interest and currency exchange rate risks.

We assess our exposures to changes in interest rates utilizing a sensitivity analysis. The sensitivity analysis measures the potential impact in earnings, fair values and cash flows based on a hypothetical 10% change (increase and decrease) in interest rates. Our variable-rate borrowings, which include our term loan, a portion of which has been swapped to a fixed interest rate, and any borrowings we make under our revolving credit facility, expose us to risks caused by fluctuations in the applicable interest rates. The total outstanding balance of such variable-rate borrowings, net of swaps, was $444 million as of December 31, 2022. A hypothetical 10% change in our effective weighted average interest rate on our variable-rate borrowings would result in a $2 million increase or decrease to our annual long-term debt interest expense, and a one-point change in the underlying interest rates would result in approximately a $4 million increase or decrease in our annual interest expense.

The fair values of cash and cash equivalents, trade receivables, accounts payable and accrued expenses and other current liabilities approximate their carrying values due to the short-term nature of these assets and liabilities.

We have foreign currency rate exposure to exchange rate fluctuations worldwide, particularly with respect to the Canadian Dollar, the Chinese Yuan, the Euro, the Brazilian Real and the Argentine Peso. We anticipate that such foreign currency exchange rate risk will remain a market risk exposure for the foreseeable future.

We use a current market pricing model to assess the changes in the value of our foreign currency derivatives used by us to hedge underlying exposure that primarily consists of our non-functional-currency current assets and liabilities. The primary assumption used in these models is a hypothetical 10% weakening or strengthening of the U.S. dollar against all our currency exposures as of December 31, 2022. The gains and losses on the hedging instruments are largely offset by the gains and losses on the underlying assets, liabilities or expected cash flows. As of December 31, 2022, the absolute notional amount of our outstanding foreign exchange hedging instruments was $182 million. We have determined through such analyses, that a hypothetical 10% change in foreign currency exchange rates would have resulted in approximately an $11 million increase or decrease to the fair value of our outstanding forward foreign currency exchange contracts, which would generally be offset by an opposite effect on the underlying exposure being economically hedged.

Argentina is considered to be a highly inflationary economy. As of December 31, 2022, we had total net assets of $2 million in Argentina.

Our total market risk is influenced by a wide variety of factors including the volatility present within the markets and the liquidity of the markets. There are certain limitations inherent in the sensitivity analyses presented. While probably the most meaningful analysis, these “shock tests” are constrained by several factors, including the necessity to conduct the analysis based on a single point in time and the inability to include the complex market reactions that normally would arise from the market shifts modeled.

Disclosure Controls and Procedures. Our management, with the participation of our principal executive and principal financial officers, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on such evaluation, our principal executive and principal financial officers have concluded that, as of the end of such period, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective and operating to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC, and to provide reasonable assurance that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act. Our management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022. In making this assessment, management used the criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”). Based on this assessment, our management believes that, as of December 31, 2022, our internal control over financial reporting is effective. Our independent registered public accounting firm has issued an attestation report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, which is included within their audit opinion on page F-2.

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the most recent fiscal quarter to which this report relates that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.